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The Bet
Anton Chekhov
I
IT WAS a dark autumn night. The old banker was walking up and down his study and
remembering how, fifteen years before, he had given a party one autumn evening. There
had been many clever men there, and there had been interesting conversations. Among
other things they had talked of capital punishment. The majority of the guests, among
whom were many journalists and intellectual men, disapproved of the death penalty. They
considered that form of punishment out of date, immoral, and unsuitable for Christian
States. In the opinion of some of them the death penalty ought to be replaced everywhere by
imprisonment for life.
"I don't agree with you," said their host the banker. "I have not tried either the death penalty
or imprisonment for life, but if one may judge à priori, the death penalty is more moral and
more humane than imprisonment for life. Capital punishment kills a man at once, but
lifelong imprisonment kills him slowly. Which executioner is the more humane, he who
kills you in a few minutes or he who drags the life out of you in the course of many years?"
"Both are equally immoral," observed one of the guests, "for they both have the same object
-- to take away life. The State is not God. It has not the right to take away what it cannot
restore when it wants to."
Among the guests was a young lawyer, a young man of five-and-twenty. When he was
asked his opinion, he said:
"The death sentence and the life sentence are equally immoral, but if I had to choose
between the death penalty and imprisonment for life, I would certainly choose the second.
To live anyhow is better than not at all."
A lively discussion arose. The banker, who was younger and more nervous in those days,
was suddenly carried away by excitement; he struck the table with his fist and shouted at
the young man:
"It's not true! I'll bet you two millions you wouldn't stay in solitary confinement for five
years."
"If you mean that in earnest," said the young man, "I'll take the bet, but I would stay not five
but fifteen years."
"Fifteen? Done!" cried the banker. "Gentlemen, I stake two millions!"
"Agreed! You stake your millions and I stake my freedom!" said the young man.
And this wild, senseless bet was carried out! The banker, spoilt and frivolous, with millions
beyond his reckoning, was delighted at the bet. At supper he made fun of the young man,
and said:
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"Think better of it, young man, while there is still time. To me two millions are a trifle, but
you are losing three or four of the best years of your life. I say three or four, because you
won't stay longer. Don't forget either, you unhappy man, that voluntary confinement is a
great deal harder to bear than compulsory. The thought that you have the right to step out in
liberty at any moment will poison your whole existence in prison. I am sorry for you."
And now the banker, walking to and fro, remembered all this, and asked himself: "What
was the object of that bet? What is the good of that man's losing fifteen years of his life and
my throwing away two millions? Can it prove that the death penalty is better or worse than
imprisonment for life? No, no. It was all nonsensical and meaningless. On my part it was
the caprice of a pampered man, and on his part simple greed for money. . . ."
Then he remembered what followed that evening. It was decided that the young man should
spend the years of his captivity under the strictest supervision in one of the lodges in the
banker's garden. It was agreed that for fifteen years he should not be free to cross the
threshold of the lodge, to see human beings, to hear the human voice, or to receive letters
and newspapers. He was allowed to have a musical instrument and books, and was allowed
to write letters, to drink wine, and to smoke. By the terms of the agreement, the only
relations he could have with the outer world were by a little window made purposely for
that object. He might have anything he wanted -- books, music, wine, and so on -- in any
quantity he desired by writing an order, but could only receive them through the window.
The agreement provided for every detail and every trifle that would make his imprisonment
strictly solitary, and bound the young man to stay there exactly fifteen years, beginning
from twelve o'clock of November 14, 1870, and ending at twelve o'clock of November 14,
1885. The slightest attempt on his part to break the conditions, if only two minutes before
the end, released the banker from the obligation to pay him two millions.
For the first year of his confinement, as far as one could judge from his brief notes, the
prisoner suffered severely from loneliness and depression. The sounds of the piano could be
heard continually day and night from his lodge. He refused wine and tobacco. Wine, he
wrote, excites the desires, and desires are the worst foes of the prisoner; and besides,
nothing could be more dreary than drinking good wine and seeing no one. And tobacco
spoilt the air of his room. In the first year the books he sent for were principally of a light
character; novels with a complicated love plot, sensational and fantastic stories, and so on.
In the second year the piano was silent in the lodge, and the prisoner asked only for the
classics. In the fifth year music was audible again, and the prisoner asked for wine. Those
who watched him through the window said that all that year he spent doing nothing but
eating and drinking and lying on his bed, frequently yawning and angrily talking to himself.
He did not read books. Sometimes at night he would sit down to write; he would spend
hours writing, and in the morning tear up all that he had written. More than once he could
be heard crying.
In the second half of the sixth year the prisoner began zealously studying languages,
philosophy, and history. He threw himself eagerly into these studies -- so much so that the
banker had enough to do to get him the books he ordered. In the course of four years some
six hundred volumes were procured at his request. It was during this period that the banker
received the following letter from his prisoner:
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"My dear Jailer, I write you these lines in six languages. Show them to people who know
the languages. Let them read them. If they find not one mistake I implore you to fire a shot
in the garden. That shot will show me that my efforts have not been thrown away. The
geniuses of all ages and of all lands speak different languages, but the same flame burns in
them all. Oh, if you only knew what unearthly happiness my soul feels now from being able
to understand them!" The prisoner's desire was fulfilled. The banker ordered two shots to be
fired in the garden.
Then after the tenth year, the prisoner sat immovably at the table and read nothing but the
Gospel. It seemed strange to the banker that a man who in four years had mastered six
hundred learned volumes should waste nearly a year over one thin book easy of
comprehension. Theology and histories of religion followed the Gospels.
In the last two years of his confinement the prisoner read an immense quantity of books
quite indiscriminately. At one time he was busy with the natural sciences, then he would
ask for Byron or Shakespeare. There were notes in which he demanded at the same time
books on chemistry, and a manual of medicine, and a novel, and some treatise on
philosophy or theology. His reading suggested a man swimming in the sea among the
wreckage of his ship, and trying to save his life by greedily clutching first at one spar and
then at another.
II
The old banker remembered all this, and thought:
"To-morrow at twelve o'clock he will regain his freedom. By our agreement I ought to pay
him two millions. If I do pay him, it is all over with me: I shall be utterly ruined."
Fifteen years before, his millions had been beyond his reckoning; now he was afraid to ask
himself which were greater, his debts or his assets. Desperate gambling on the Stock
Exchange, wild speculation and the excitability which he could not get over even in
advancing years, had by degrees led to the decline of his fortune and the proud, fearless,
self-confident millionaire had become a banker of middling rank, trembling at every rise
and fall in his investments. "Cursed bet!" muttered the old man, clutching his head in
despair "Why didn't the man die? He is only forty now. He will take my last penny from
me, he will marry, will enjoy life, will gamble on the Exchange; while I shall look at him
with envy like a beggar, and hear from him every day the same sentence: 'I am indebted to
you for the happiness of my life, let me help you!' No, it is too much! The one means of
being saved from bankruptcy and disgrace is the death of that man!"
It struck three o'clock, the banker listened; everyone was asleep in the house and nothing
could be heard outside but the rustling of the chilled trees. Trying to make no noise, he took
from a fireproof safe the key of the door which had not been opened for fifteen years, put on
his overcoat, and went out of the house.
It was dark and cold in the garden. Rain was falling. A damp cutting wind was racing about
the garden, howling and giving the trees no rest. The banker strained his eyes, but could see
neither the earth nor the white statues, nor the lodge, nor the trees. Going to the spot where
the lodge stood, he twice called the watchman. No answer followed. Evidently the
watchman had sought shelter from the weather, and was now asleep somewhere either in
the kitchen or in the greenhouse.
"If I had the pluck to carry out my intention," thought the old man, "Suspicion would fall
first upon the watchman."
He felt in the darkness for the steps and the door, and went into the entry of the lodge. Then
he groped his way into a little passage and lighted a match. There was not a soul there.
There was a bedstead with no bedding on it, and in the corner there was a dark cast-iron
stove. The seals on the door leading to the prisoner's rooms were intact.
When the match went out the old man, trembling with emotion, peeped through the little
window. A candle was burning dimly in the prisoner's room. He was sitting at the table.
Nothing could be seen but his back, the hair on his head, and his hands. Open books were
lying on the table, on the two easy-chairs, and on the carpet near the table.
Five minutes passed and the prisoner did not once stir. Fifteen years' imprisonment had
taught him to sit still. The banker tapped at the window with his finger, and the prisoner
made no movement whatever in response. Then the banker cautiously broke the seals off
the door and put the key in the keyhole. The rusty lock gave a grating sound and the door
creaked. The banker expected to hear at once footsteps and a cry of astonishment, but three
minutes passed and it was as quiet as ever in the room. He made up his mind to go in.
At the table a man unlike ordinary people was sitting motionless. He was a skeleton with
the skin drawn tight over his bones, with long curls like a woman's and a shaggy beard. His
face was yellow with an earthy tint in it, his cheeks were hollow, his back long and narrow,
and the hand on which his shaggy head was propped was so thin and delicate that it was
dreadful to look at it. His hair was already streaked with silver, and seeing his emaciated,
aged-looking face, no one would have believed that he was only forty. He was asleep. . . . In
front of his bowed head there lay on the table a sheet of paper on which there was
something written in fine handwriting.
"Poor creature!" thought the banker, "he is asleep and most likely dreaming of the millions.
And I have only to take this half-dead man, throw him on the bed, stifle him a little with the
pillow, and the most conscientious expert would find no sign of a violent death. But let us
first read what he has written here. . . ."
The banker took the page from the table and read as follows:
"To-morrow at twelve o'clock I regain my freedom and the right to associate with other
men, but before I leave this room and see the sunshine, I think it necessary to say a few
words to you. With a clear conscience I tell you, as before God, who beholds me, that I
despise freedom and life and health, and all that in your books is called the good things of
the world.
"For fifteen years I have been intently studying earthly life. It is true I have not seen the
earth nor men, but in your books I have drunk fragrant wine, I have sung songs, I have
hunted stags and wild boars in the forests, have loved women. . . . Beauties as ethereal as
clouds, created by the magic of your poets and geniuses, have visited me at night, and have
whispered in my ears wonderful tales that have set my brain in a whirl. In your books I have
climbed to the peaks of Elburz and Mont Blanc, and from there I have seen the sun rise and
have watched it at evening flood the sky, the ocean, and the mountain-tops with gold and
crimson. I have watched from there the lightning flashing over my head and cleaving the
storm-clouds. I have seen green forests, fields, rivers, lakes, towns. I have heard the singing
of the sirens, and the strains of the shepherds' pipes; I have touched the wings of comely
devils who flew down to converse with me of God. . . . In your books I have flung myself
into the bottomless pit, performed miracles, slain, burned towns, preached new religions,
conquered whole kingdoms. . . .
"Your books have given me wisdom. All that the unresting thought of man has created in
the ages is compressed into a small compass in my brain. I know that I am wiser than all of
you.
"And I despise your books, I despise wisdom and the blessings of this world. It is all
worthless, fleeting, illusory, and deceptive, like a mirage. You may be proud, wise, and
fine, but death will wipe you off the face of the earth as though you were no more than mice
burrowing under the floor, and your posterity, your history, your immortal geniuses will
burn or freeze together with the earthly globe.
"You have lost your reason and taken the wrong path. You have taken lies for truth, and
hideousness for beauty. You would marvel if, owing to strange events of some sorts, frogs
and lizards suddenly grew on apple and orange trees instead of fruit, or if roses began to
smell like a sweating horse; so I marvel at you who exchange heaven for earth. I don't want
to understand you.
"To prove to you in action how I despise all that you live by, I renounce the two millions of
which I once dreamed as of paradise and which now I despise. To deprive myself of the
right to the money I shall go out from here five hours before the time fixed, and so break the
compact. . . ."
When the banker had read this he laid the page on the table, kissed the strange man on the
head, and went out of the lodge, weeping. At no other time, even when he had lost heavily
on the Stock Exchange, had he felt so great a contempt for himself. When he got home he
lay on his bed, but his tears and emotion kept him for hours from sleeping.
Next morning the watchmen ran in with pale faces, and told him they had seen the man who
lived in the lodge climb out of the window into the garden, go to the gate, and disappear.
The banker went at once with the servants to the lodge and made sure of the flight of his
prisoner. To avoid arousing unnecessary talk, he took from the table the writing in which
the millions were renounced, and when he got home locked it up in the fireproof safe.
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