is reminiscent of Les Murray's 'Bent Water' (surely Murray's
masterpiece). But the lines I have just quoted continue in rhythms
which, while still lyrical, are also more unsettling: 'archways,
treatment ponds breaking into/sunlight'. For where Murray's language
embodies a confident belief in God, Oliver's has been a celebration
of a public sewer - and more to the point, a sewer envisioned but (in
an act of creative failure) never built.
Late in the poem, Oliver brings together these themes in a grim
reflection upon the role of the poet - in a voice in which the emotion
is italicized but never allowed to run outside its bounds:
One quadrant of sky turns,
face up, black as the ace of spades.
Much as a God can manage
muttering from the side of his mouth.
Star flecks, nova spittle. Rage of
emptiness pours through, for the hell
of it, endlessly. Looking back to
what beginning. The whole shebang
advances toward, beyond our
best efforts. We live under a Niagra
of star fall, huge optics dilate time,
blackness like velvet slips over
chrome. Sounds of nothingness
strung between a singlet of lights. (lyric 30).
This is vintage Oliver. The language is elaborate, but perfectly
judged, undercut by a colloquial impulse ('black as the ace of
spades', 'for the hell / of it'). This undersong speaks of Oliver's
awareness of his place as a poet of the vernacular republic; but it
also speaks, in its use of cliche, of a loss of faith in the
resources of poetic language.
And something similar can be said of its use of Stevens, for where
Stevens is the poet who brought romantic metaphysics to its final
crisis, and with it the end of any hope of finding essential meaning
in the world, Oliver's use of Stevens here seems also an act of
deliberate failure. The stanza alludes to Stevens's Jove, a false
divinity who 'moved among us, as a muttering king' in 'Sunday
Morning', and to that poem's existential conclusion that (contra
Milton) 'We live in an old chaos of the sun'. Like Stevens in 'Key
West', Oliver laments the 'Blessed rage for order', the 'glassy
lights' which gave a bogus sense of structure to the sea. But in a
sense, and an important sense, much of the language of Oliver's
stanza is the language of Stevens: it is an eloquent testament to a
failure to find in the present a viable voice for poetry.
Clearly there is much in this sequence which I find powerful, and
respond to warmly. Many of the lyrics are perfect, and thematically
the poem traverses many of the issues which are at the heart of
poetry today: from the modernist legacy of deep worries over memory
and metaphor, to a more contemporary juxtaposition of dictions and
registers, and a concern with post-modernism and the end of history.
It is a sequence which is not afraid to take on Stevens, or Milton
and Hardy and Auden. But I would like to see it slightly reshaped,
for I feel that there is a great poem hiding in here somewhere, if
only I could be persuaded more of its motivation. I think fear does
lie at the heart of its psychology, but the real fear is artistic