( PDF ) Celeridade processual e concretização dos direitos fundamentais sociais nos juizados especiais federais

Download PDF

ads:

UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE PERNAMBUCO - UNICAP

TARCÍSIO BARROS BORGES

Celeridade processual e concretização dos direitos

fundamentais sociais nos Juizados Especiais Federais

RECIFE

2009

ads:

Livros Grátis

http://www.livrosgratis.com.br

Milhares de livros grátis para download.



7$5&Ë6,2%$5526%25*(6



&HOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHFRQFUHWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVQRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV



'LVVHUWDomR VXEPHWLGD j DSUHFLDomR

GD EDQFD H[DPLQDGRUD GR &XUVR GH

0HVWUDGRHP'LUHLWRGD8QLYHUVLGDGH

&DWyOLFD GH 3HUQDPEXFR  81,&$3

FRPRUHTXLVLWRSDUFLDOSDUDREWHQomR

GRJUDXGHPHVWUH



25,(17$'25352)'5*867$92)(55(,5$6$1726



5(&,)(



ads:



7$5&Ë6,2%$5526%25*(6



&HOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHFRQFUHWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLV

QRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV



'LVVHUWDomR VXEPHWLGD j DSUHFLDomR

GD EDQFD H[DPLQDGRUD GR &XUVR GH

0HVWUDGRHP'LUHLWRGD8QLYHUVLGDGH

&DWyOLFD GH 3HUQDPEXFR FRPR

UHTXLVLWR SDUFLDO SDUD REWHQomR GR

JUDXGHPHVWUH



'LVVHUWDomR GHIHQGLGD H DSURYDGD HP  GH DEULO GH  SHOD EDQFD

H[DPLQDGRUDFRQVWLWXtGDSHORVSURIHVVRUHV



'28725*867$92)(55(,5$6$172625,(17$'25

81,&$3



'287256e5*,27255(67(,;(,5$

81,&$3



'287250$5&(/2/$%$1&$&255Ç$'($5$Ò-2

81,&$30(0%52(;7(512$2352*5$0$'$3Ï6*5$'8$d2'$

81,&$3



$RV PHXV SDLV H j 5DTXHO 6RILD

%HDWUL] H *XVWDYR FRP DPRU H

DTXHOHV TXH GLUHWD RX

LQGLUHWDPHQWH FRODERUDUDP FRP D

UHDOL]DomR GHVWH WUDEDOKR

HVSHFLDOPHQWH RV VHUYLGRUHV GD 

9DUD )HGHUDO GH 3HUQDPEXFR TXH

GLXWXUQDPHQWHWUDEDOKDPHPSUROGH

XPD-XVWLoDPDLVHIHWLYD

5(6802



(VWH WUDEDOKR HQIRFD GXDV TXHVW}HV MXUtGLFDV TXH VH UHODFLRQDP

IRUWHPHQWHDTXHVWmRGDHILFiFLDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVQRWDGDPHQWH

QR TXH WDQJH DRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H R SUREOHPD GD

FHOHULGDGH GD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO QD FRQFUHWL]DomR GHVVHV GLUHLWRV

3URFXURXVHLQLFLDOPHQWHPRVWUDUGHTXHIRUPDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

VXUJLUDP QDV RUGHQV MXUtGLFDV RFLGHQWDLVHFRPRVHGHVHQYROYHUDP SDUD

HQILP VH WRUQDUHP XPD GDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV MXUtGLFDV HVVHQFLDLV GDV

GHPRFUDFLDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVFRQWHPSRUkQHDV

5HVVDOWRXVH QR WH[WR TXH D &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO EUDVLOHLUD GH 

DGRWRX GH IRUPD SOHQD R LGHiULR GR (VWDGR 6RFLDO DPSODPHQWH DFHLWR

WDPEpP QD (XURSD 2FLGHQWDO GR SyV*XHUUD GH  SRLV D SDUWLU GD

VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR VpFXOR SDVVDGR GRXWULQDV QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDV

SDVVDUDP D WUDWDU GD &RQVWLWXLomR FRPR XPD RUGHP GH YDORUHV

GLUHFLRQDGD j VDWLVIDomR GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD H LVWR UHSHUFXWLX QR

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GD H[LVWrQFLD GH GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV GH FXQKR VRFLDO

H[LJtYHLVGR(VWDGRFRPRIDWRUGHSURPRomRGDLJXDOGDGHUHDOHQWUHWRGRV

RVPHPEURVGDFRPXQLGDGH

3RU RXWUR ODGR R HVWXGR DERUGRX D TXHVWmR GD LQWHUYHQomR GR 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR QD FRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV DILUPDQGR TXH QmR H[LVWH

yELFHFRQVWLWXFLRQDODEVROXWRTXDQWRjHVVDDWXDomRH[FHWRQRTXHWDQJH

jLQH[LVWrQFLDGHUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURV

3RUILPSURFXURXVHDQDOLVDUVHRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVHVWmRDSWRV

DDWHQGHUDRSULQFtSLRGDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDORXGDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGR

SURFHVVR$DQiOLVHGRVXSRUWHQRUPDWLYRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

MXQWDPHQWHFRPR HVWXGRGRVGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRV RILFLDLV PRVWUDUDPTXH

DVPXGDQoDVOHJDLVLQWURGX]LGDVSHOD/HLQSHUPLWLUDPXPD

PDLRUFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOQDVFDXVDVHQYROYHQGRRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV



3$/$95$6&+$9(



'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO 'LUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV &HOHULGDGH

SURFHVVXDO-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV

$%675$&7



7KLV ZRUNDQDO\VHV WZR MXULGLFDO TXHVWLRQV WKDW DUH VWURQJO\ UHODWHG WKH

LVVXH RI VRFLDO ULJKWV HIILFDF\ DQG WKH PDWWHU RI SURFHGXUH FHOHULW\ ZKHQ

UHODWHGZLWKWKHP

,Q WKH EHJLQQLQJ WKH VWXG\ H[DPLQHG KRZ WKH IXQGDPHQWDO ULJKWV ZDV

ERUQ LQ WKH MXULGLFDO ZHVWHUQ VRFLHWLHV H KRZ WKH\ GHYHORSHG WR EHFDPH

RQH RI WKH PRVW VXEVWDQWLDO DWWULEXWHV RI FRQWHPSRUDU\ FRQVWLWXWLRQDO

GHPRFUDFLHV

,W ZDV DIILUPHG LQ WKH WH[W WKDW  %UD]LOLDQ )HGHUDO &RQVWLWXWLRQ IXOO\

DGRSWHGWKHSURILOHRI6RFLDO6WDWHDVKDSSHQHGLQ:HVWHUQ(XURSHDIWHU

WKH 6HFRQG :RUOG :DU ILQLVKHG LQ  ,Q WKDW WLPH DQG DIWHU QHZ

FRQVWLWXWLRQDOGRFWULQHVSDVVHGWRFRQVLGHUWKH&RQVWLWXWLRQDVDRUGHURI

YDOXHVGLUHFWHGWRVDWLVI\KXPDQGLJQLW\ZKDWKDYHWDNHQWKH6WDWHWRDFW

PRUHHIILFLHQWO\LQIDYRURIHTXDOLW\DPRQJPDQNLQGE\WKHUHFRJQLWLRQRI

VWDWHVRFLDOGXWLHV

/DVWO\WKHVWXG\DQDO\]HGLIWKH%UD]LOLDQIHGHUDOVPDOOFODLPVFRXUWVDUH

VXLWDEOH WR REVHUYH WKH ULJKW WR SURFHGXUH FHOHULW\ ZKLFK LV ODLG LQ

%UD]LOLDQ&RQVWLWXWLRQ7KHFRQFOXVLRQZDVWKDWDIWHUWKHVWXG\RIWKHODZV

WKDWUHJXODWHWKHIHGHUDOVPDOOFODLPVDQGIURPWKHYLHZRIVWDWLVWLFVWKH

OHJDO FKDQJHV DGRSWHG E\ )HGHUDO /DZ  DGPLWWHG PDMRU

FHOHULW\LQODZVXLWVFRQFHUQLQJWRVRFLDOULJKWV



.(<:25'6



&RQVWLWXWLRQDOODZ6RFLDOIXQGDPHQWDOULJKWV3URFHGXUHFHOHULW\%UD]LOLDQ

)HGHUDOVPDOOFODLPVFRXUWV



680È5,2



,QWURGXomR

2V'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLV6RFLDLV

 'LUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H R SULQFtSLR GD

VROLGDULHGDGH

'RVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

 %UHYH KLVWyULFR H HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR QD RUGHP

LQWHUQDFLRQDO

2QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVEiVLFDVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

 $V GLPHQV}HV VXEMHWLYD H REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

 'LUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GH GHIHVD GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV H

GLUHLWRVGHSDUWLFLSDomR

 $ &RQVWLWXLomR EUDVLOHLUD H D IXQomR HTXDOL]DGRUD GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV

$IRUoDMXUtGLFDSHFXOLDUGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVHD

FOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHO

0LFURVVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOGRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV&tYHLV

&RQVLGHUDo}HVLQLFLDLV

+LVWyULFRHFRQVLGHUDo}HVJHUDLV

&RPSHWrQFLDGRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV

&RQFHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHFDXVDGHPHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGH

&RPSHWrQFLDDEVROXWDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

,QRYDo}HVSURFHGLPHQWDLVGD/HLQ

3DUWHVQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

5HVWULomRjLQWHUSRVLomRGHUHFXUVRVHSRVVLELOLGDGHFRQFHVVmR

GHFDXWHODUHGHWXWHODDQWHFLSDWyULDDPEDVGHRItFLR

 ,QH[LVWrQFLD GH SULYLOpJLRV SURFHVVXDLV HP IDYRU GD )D]HQGD

3~EOLFD

,QRYDo}HVSUREDWyULDV

&LWDo}HVHLQWLPDo}HV

5HIRUoRGDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHFRQFLOLDomRSRUSDUWHGDVHQWLGDGHV

S~EOLFDV

([HFXomRQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

6LVWHPDUHFXUVDOGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

2SULQFtSLRGDGXUDomRUD]RiYHOGRSURFHVVRHRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV

)HGHUDLV&tYHLV

2SULQFtSLRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVR

$FHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

$FHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQR

 2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV

 'XUDomR GRV SURFHVVRV QRV -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV )HGHUDLV GH

5HFLIH3(DQiOLVHGRVGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVRILFLDLV

&RQFOXV}HV

,QWURGXomR



2SUHVHQWHWUDEDOKRHQIRFDSULPRUGLDOPHQWHDTXHVWmR

GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR TXH VH UHIHUH jV

SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH VXD FRQFUHWL]DomR HIHWLYD QD FRPXQLGDGH MXUtGLFD 2

LQWHUHVVH GD SHVTXLVDVH MXVWLILFD WHQGR HP YLVWDD FRQVLGHUDomR GH TXH

WDLV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV IXQGDGRV QR SULQFtSLR PDLRU GD VROLGDULHGDGH

VRFLDO VmR HVVHQFLDLV SDUD R OLYUH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD SHUVRQDOLGDGH

KXPDQDHVmRQDWXUDOPHQWHGHVWLQDGRVjVSHVVRDVPHQRVIDYRUHFLGDVGH

XPDGHWHUPLQDGDFRPXQLGDGHGHSHVVRDVRUGHQDGDMXULGLFDPHQWH

3DUDOHODPHQWH j TXHVWmR GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

IXQGDPHQWDLV DQDOLVDVH R DVSHFWR SURFHVVXDO GH VXD FRQFUHWL]DomR

WHQGRHPYLVWDDDWHQomRTXHVHGHYHGDUDRSUREOHPDGDHIHWLYLGDGH±

RX PDLV SUHFLVDPHQWH GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO ± QR QRVVR VLVWHPD

MXUtGLFR

&RPHIHLWRpIDWRFRQKHFLGRQmRDSHQDVQR%UDVLOPDV

WDPEpPHPRXWURVSDtVHVLQFOXVLYHHPDOJXQVSDtVHVLQWHJUDQWHVGRURO

GDTXHOHVPDLVHFRQRPLFDPHQWHGHVHQYROYLGRVTXHR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRWHP

WLGRGLILFXOGDGHVQDFRQFUHWL]DomRHIHWLYDHFpOHUHGRVGLUHLWRVHPJHUDOH

WDPEpPGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVFRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWHSUHYLVWRV

(P IDFH GH WDO PRURVLGDGH SURFHVVXDO YHULILFDGD

QRWDGDPHQWHQRQRVVRSDtVDFRQWHFHXPDPSORGHEDWHPXQGLDOVREUHR

WHPD GR DFHVVR j -XVWLoD



 H TXH DWXDOPHQWH QmR VH UHVXPH j VHDUD

GRXWULQiULD PDV DQWHV Mi DSUHVHQWD LPSOLFDo}HV SUiWLFDV GLUHWDV QD YLGD

GDFRPXQLGDGHHVWDWDOHGHVHXVLQGLYtGXRVWHQGRHPYLVWDSRUH[HPSOR

D DWXDomR HIHWLYD GH DOJXPDV FRUWHV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV GH -XVWLoD DV TXDLV

YrPWHQWDQGRLPSRUDRV(VWDGRVXPDPHOKRUSUHVWDomRMXULVGLFLRQDOSRU

PHLR GH FRQGHQDo}HV SHFXQLiULDV TXH RVWHQWDP DOpP GR FDUiWHU

UHSDUDGRUWDPEpPXPYLpVGLGiWLFR

Sobre o tema mais amplo do acesso à Justiça, conferir a obra magistral de: CAPPELLETTI, Mauro; GARTH,

Bryant. Acesso à Justiça. Trad. Ellen Gracie Northfleet. Porto Alegre: Sergio Fabris Editor, 1988.

(VVD SUREOHPiWLFD GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO IUHQWH j

FRQFUHWL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WDPEpP VH LQVHUH QR GHEDWH

MXUtGLFR PDLV DPSOR OLJDGR j QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRQFHVVmR GH XPD PDLRU

HIHWLYLGDGH DR SUySULR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR FDPSR GD

HILFiFLDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHGDYDORUL]DomRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD





&RP HIHLWR Ki XPD IRUWH YLQFXODomR HQWUH RV WHPDV

DFHVVRj -XVWLoD HFRQFUHWL]DomR GDPi[LPD HIHWLYLGDGHGD &RQVWLWXLomR

WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH p SRU PHLR GDTXHOH GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO GR WLSR

JDUDQWLD IXQGDPHQWDO GH FDUiWHU LQVWUXPHQWDO TXH RXWURV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV SRGHP ³VDLU´ GR SDSHO H WRUQDUHPVH UHDOLGDGH FRQFUHWD





1mR VH SRGH SRUWDQWR GHVYLQFXODU R HVWXGR GR GLUHLWR DR DFHVVR j

-XVWLoD



GRSUREOHPDGDSUySULDHIHWLYLGDGHMXUtGLFDGDVFRQVWLWXLo}HV

2VGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSRUVXDYH]FRQVLVWHPQXPD

RUGHP GH VHQWLGR D[LROyJLFD H FRQVWLWXLQWH GD ³GLPHQVmR EiVLFD GD

&RQVWLWXLomR PDWHULDO FRP D TXDO p DWp PXLWDV YH]HV FRQIXQGLGD RX

FRQVFLHQWHPHQWH LGHQWLILFDGD´ H GHVWLQDGD D SURWHJHU R KRPHP QD

VRFLHGDGHSROtWLFDSHUPLWLQGRVHXOLYUHGHVHQYROYLPHQWR





7UDWDVH DLQGD FRPR DILUPD SDUFHOD GD GRXWULQD GH

TXHVWmR LQWLPDPHQWH FRQHFWDGD DR SULQFtSLR PDLRU GD GLJQLGDGH GR VHU

KXPDQR



 H DR SULQFtSLR GD LJXDOGDGH FRQVLGHUDGR HVWH QR VHQWLGR QmR

PHUDPHQWH IRUPDO PDV DQWHV QR VHQWLGR PDWHULDO $ H[LVWrQFLD GH XP

FRQFHLWRGHGLJQLGDGHKXPDQDpRPDLRUUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGDUDFLRQDOLGDGH

KXPDQDFDUDFWHUHTXHGLIHUHQFLDRVHUKXPDQRGRVGHPDLVVHUHVYLYRVH

Costuma-se chamar de “neoconstitucionalismo” o fenômeno de revalorização da Constituição a partir da

segunda metade do século passado. BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Neoconstitucionalismo e constitucionalização do

direito. Revista de Direito Constitucional e Internacional. São Paulo: RT, ano 15, n. 58, p. 129-173, jan./mar.

2007, p. 134.

Para Oliveira Baracho, a jurisdição constitucional pode ampliar os direitos e liberdades fundamentais. Cf.

BARACHO, José Alfredo de Oliveira. Jurisdição Constitucional da Liberdade. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Jurisdição Constitucional e Direitos Fundamentais. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2003, p . 11.

Incluído nesse conceito o direito à duração razoável do processo ou à celeridade processual, que é um aspecto

do direito ao amplo acesso à Justiça.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 106.

Os direitos fundamentais são um sistema dotado de unidade de sentido e centrado na dignidade humana. Cf.

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 134.

SHUPLWHXPDFRQVWUXomRGLULJLGDHSURJUHVVLYD



GDKXPDQLGDGHDOLQKDGDD

GHWHUPLQDGRVSDGU}HVpWLFRVHPRUDLVHYROXtGRVKLVWRULFDPHQWH

3RULVVRS{GHVHYHULILFDURVXUJLPHQWRQDKLVWyULDGD

ILORVRILDMXVSROtWLFDGHXPDGLPHQVmRVRFLDOGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHP

FRQWUDSRVLomRRXPHOKRUGL]HQGRHPFRPSOHPHQWDomRjXPDGLPHQVmR

OLEHUDO FOiVVLFD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRE R SUHVVXSRVWR EiVLFR GD

H[LVWrQFLDGHXPQtYHOPtQLPRGHFRQGLo}HVPDWHULDLVQHFHVViULDVSDUDR

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRSOHQRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGHKXPDQDSHUPLWLQGRVHHQWmRD

SDUWLU GHVVD LJXDOGDGH GH FRQGLo}HV GH SDUWLGD R XVR GD DXWRQRPLD

LQGLYLGXDOSDUDDFRQVHFXomRGDSUySULDIHOLFLGDGHKXPDQD

1R WH[WR YHULILFDUVHi TXH D GRXWULQD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

FRQWHPSRUkQHD H WDPEpP RV WH[WRV QRUPDWLYRV GR GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO

UHODFLRQDGRV DRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV WHP DQRWDGR R FDUiWHU LQGLYLVtYHO RX

LQWHUUHODFLRQDO GDV GLYHUVDV GLPHQV}HV GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRLV

VHULD LPSRVVtYHO D UHDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV ± OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV ± H

SROtWLFRVVHPDHIHWLYDomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHFRQ{PLFRVHFXOWXUDLV



Mi

TXH HVWHV SUHSDUDP R VHU KXPDQR SDUD XPD FRQGLomR GH YLGD

PDWHULDOPHQWH GLJQD TXH R SHUPLWH XWLOL]DU VXD OLEHUGDGH GH IRUPD

SURYHLWRVD

2X VHMD QmR FDEH IDODU HP OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO RX

PHVPRHPLJXDOGDGHMXUtGLFDIRUPDOVHPFRPSUHHQGHUTXHRSOHQRJR]R

GHVVHV GLUHLWRV EiVLFRV GHSHQGH GR LPSOHPHQWR GH XP PtQLPR GH

UHTXLVLWRV PDWHULDLV EiVLFRV LPSUHVFLQGtYHLV j SUySULD VREUHYLYrQFLD GR

KRPHPHVHXGHVHQYROYLPHQWRFRPRSHVVRD





Não teria o homem apenas a capacidade de raciocínio como fator de diferenciação dos animais, mas também

um sentido de “perfectibilidade” que a sua liberdade lhe permitiria, podendo, assim, evoluir historicamente e se

“aperfeiçoar ao longo da vida”, segundo nos mostra J.J. Rousseau. Apud: FERRY, Luc. Aprender a viver:

filosofia para os novos tempos. Objetiva: Rio de Janeiro, 2007, p. 130 e segs.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 29.

Para Peces-Barba Martínez, a “liberdade promocional” tem três dimensões: suprimento das necessidades

básicas e vitais do ser humano, de sua manutenção e de sua melhoria, as quais complementam a liberdade

clássica de não interferência. Cf. MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales.

Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 140-143.

2V GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HFRQ{PLFRV H FXOWXUDLV SRU VHX

WXUQRWDPEpPHVWmRSUHVHQWHVQRGHEDWH VREUHRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVQR

FHQiULRLQWHUQDFLRQDOSHORPHQRVGHVGHDHGLomRGD'HFODUDomR8QLYHUVDO

GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP GH 



 QDVFLGD QD VHTrQFLD GR WpUPLQR GD

6HJXQGD*UDQGH*XHUUDPXQGLDO



(OHVWDPEpPUHSUHVHQWDPXPVHQWLGR

GH FRPSOHPHQWDULGDGH H LQWHUGHSHQGrQFLD HP IDFH GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV H

SROtWLFRV FOiVVLFRV WDO FRPR RFRUUH QR SODQR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

SRVLWLYDGRV ( WDO FRPSOHPHQWDULGDGH IRL DFHLWD FRPR SULQFtSLR

IXQGDPHQWDO GR VLVWHPD XQLYHUVDO GH GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV SHOD

&RQIHUrQFLD0XQGLDOGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVUHDOL]DGDHP9LHQDÈXVWULDQR

DQRGH





7DO SURFHVVR GH LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR DYDQoRX FRP R

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGR3DFWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGRV'LUHLWRV(FRQ{PLFRV6RFLDLVH

&XOWXUDLVDGRWDGRHPSHOD218HDLQGDFRPD&RQIHUrQFLD0XQGLDO

GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV UHDOL]DGD HP 9LHQD QR DQR GH  QD TXDO

UHDILUPRXVH D ³LQWHUUHODomR HQWUH GHPRFUDFLD GHVHQYROYLPHQWR H

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHPWRGRRPXQGR´





1R SODQR GR 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUR YDOH

UHJLVWUDU TXH D ³DJHQGD VRFLDO´ HVWi LQVHULGD ORJR QR FRPHoR GD &DUWD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO GH 



 R TXH Mi PRVWUD D LPSRUWkQFLD GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV D SDUWLU GD UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR GR SDtV 3RU RXWUR ODGR p YDOLRVR

UHJLVWUDU TXH QRVVD VRFLHGDGH LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGD FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH WHP

H[SUHVVDPHQWHFRPRIXQGDPHQWRSULPHLURDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD



HFRORFD

FRPRREMHWLYRVWDPEpPGHQRPLQDGRVGHIXQGDPHQWDLVGLYHUVDVWDUHIDV

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 17.

Segundo Francisco Rezek, os direitos sociais, econômicos e culturais também iniciam sua internacionalização

a partir da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. REZEK, José Francisco. Direito internacional

público: curso elementar. 7. Ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 1998, p. 221-222.

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 68.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 30.

MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira. Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Constituição e Crise Política. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2006, p. 461-477, p. 465.

Constituição Federal, art. 1º, III.

FRQHFWDGDV j LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO GRV LQGLYtGXRV FRPR H[ JU D

FRQVWUXomR GH XPD VRFLHGDGH OLYUH MXVWD H VROLGiULD D HUUDGLFDomR GD

SREUH]D H D UHGXomR GDV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV H SURPRomR GR EHP GH

WRGRVHQWUHRXWURVSUHYLVWRVQRFRUSRGD&RQVWLWXLomR





1HVVHGLDSDVmRQRVHQWLGRGDLPSRUWkQFLDGRVGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV QD &RQVWLWXLomR p VLQWRPiWLFR FRQVWDWDU TXH R FDStWXOR GD &DUWD

3ROtWLFDGHVWLQDGRDGLVFLSOLQDURVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHVWHMDLQVHULGRQR7tWXOR

GHQRPLQDGR³'RV'LUHLWRVH*DUDQWLDV)XQGDPHQWDLV´MXQWDPHQWHFRPRV

GHPDLV FDStWXORV GHVWLQDGRV DRV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV IXQGDPHQWDLV DRV

GLUHLWRVGHQDFLRQDOLGDGHHDRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRV

3RGHVH IDODU DVVLP QD H[LVWrQFLD GH ³XPD VRQRUD

GHFODUDomR HP IDYRU GD VXSHUDomR GDV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV H

UHJLRQDLV´



DTXDOLPSUHJQDWRGRRWH[WRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHGiXPFDUiWHU

GH(VWDGR6RFLDODRQRVVRHQWHHVWDWDO

3RU RXWUR ODGR D UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR EUDVLOHLUD WDPEpP

UHSHUFXWLXQD DWXDomRGR3RGHU -XGLFLiULRDJRUDFKDPDGR D FRQFUHWL]DU

DOpPGRVFOiVVLFRVGLUHLWRVGLWRVOLEHUDLVRXGHGHIHVDWDPEpPRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVPDLVUHODFLRQDGRVjDWXDomRSRVLWLYDGR(VWDGRHP

SURO GH GHWHUPLQDGRV JUXSRV RX FODVVHV VRFLDLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP IDYRU

GRVKLSRVVXILFLHQWHV

2DXPHQWRGDDWXDomRGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRQDGHIHVDGH

GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV ± H WDPEpP QR TXH FRQFHUQH j GHWHUPLQDGDV

SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV  WHP SRU VHX WXUQR LPSOLFDGR HP GLYHUVRV

TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR DRV SDUkPHWURV GH

DWXDomRGROHJLVODGRURUGLQiULRQRQRVVRVLVWHPDUHSUHVHQWDWLYR

3RULVVRDLPSRUWkQFLDGRHVWXGRGRWHPDGDFHOHULGDGH

SURFHVVXDOWmRGHEDWLGRDWXDOPHQWHQR%UDVLOHQRPXQGRGHPRFUiWLFRH

VXD UHODomR GLUHWD FRP RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV TXH PXLWDV YH]HV HVWmR

Constituição Federal, art. 3º, I, III e IV.

MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira. Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Constituição e Crise Política. Belo Horizonte: Del Rey, 2006, p. 461-477, p. 465.

UHODFLRQDGRV GLUHWDPHQWH DR GLUHLWR DR PtQLPR H[LVWHQFLDO



SUHVVXSRVWR

PHVPRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD

1HVVHFRQWH[WRWHPFKDPDGRDDWHQomRGRVHVWXGLRVRV

GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO R PLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV FtYHLV IHGHUDLV WHQGR HP YLVWD D JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH

SURFHVVRVDMXL]DGRVDSDUWLUGRDQRGHGDWDGDLPSODQWDomRHIHWLYD

GD/HLQ

+iTXHVHYHULILFDUVHRVUHVXOWDGRVIRUDPVDWLVIDWyULRV

VRE R SRQWR GH YLVWD GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO WHQGR HP YLVWD DV

PXGDQoDVGHSDUDGLJPDWUD]LGDVSHODQRYDOHLSDUDRkPELWRGD-XULVGLomR

)HGHUDO$SUHVHQWHSHVTXLVDSURFXUDDQDOLVDUVHRFRUUHDFRQFUHWL]DomRGH

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVQXPSUD]RUD]RiYHOQRkPELWRGRVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVSRUPHLRGDDQiOLVHGDVHVWDWtVWLFDVRILFLDLVGLVSRQtYHLV

2FHUWRpTXHD/HLQ±TXHEDVLFDPHQWH

DSOLFD R ULWR SURFHGLPHQWDO GD /HL Q  DGDSWDGR SDUD DV FDXVDV

HQYROYHQGRSHVVRDVMXUtGLFDVS~EOLFDV±WURX[HJUDQGHVDYDQoRVHPIDYRU

GRVMXULVGLFLRQDGRVPHQRVGHVSURYLGRVGHUHFXUVRVPDWHULDLVPDVDLQGD

VmRQHFHVViULRVDMXVWHVSDUDXPDPDLRUFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

1R SODQR GRJPiWLFR FRQVWDWDVH XPD QtWLGD UHODomR

HQWUH R SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO DJRUD LQVFULWR

GHILQLWLYDPHQWHQD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGHSRUPHLRGRQRYRLQFLVR

/;;9,,GRDUWGD/HL0DLRULQWURGX]LGRSHOD(PHQGD&RQVWLWXFLRQDOQ

 GH  GH GH]HPEUR GH  H RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HP JHUDO SRLV

HVWHVWrPFRPRSULQFLSDOREMHWLYRH[DWDPHQWHDREWHQomRGHXPDMXVWLoD

PDLVFpOHUHFRQIRUPHVHQRWDGRDUWGD /HLQ GLVSRVLWLYR

TXHWUDoDRVSULQFtSLRVTXHUHJHPRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

3RURXWURODGRDFRQFUHWL]DomRGD³UD]RiYHOGXUDomRGR

SURFHVVR´ FRPR TXHU D &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO JDQKD PDLV LPSRUWkQFLD

MXUtGLFD H VRFLDO HP UHODomR D SURFHVVRV TXH HQYROYHP GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV EiVLFRV GD SHVVRD KXPDQD FRPR p R FDVR GRV GLUHLWRV

Sobre o conceito de mínino existencial e a Constituição brasileira, Cf. LIMA, George Marmelstein. Proteção

Judicial dos Direitos Fundamentais: diálogo constitucional entre o Brasil e a Alemanha. Disponível em

<http://www.georgemlima.xpg.com.br/alemanha.pdf>. Acesso em: 06/08/2007, p. 112 e segs.

IXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVRVTXDLVHVWmRLQWLPDPHQWHFRQHFWDGRVDRSULQFtSLR

GDGLJQLGDGHGDSHVVRDKXPDQD

'HIDWRSRUH[HPSORHPFDXVDVQDVTXDLVVHGLVFXWHP

EHQHItFLRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVRXTXHVW}HVVDODULDLVGRVVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRVR

TXH VH REVHUYD PXLWDV YH]HV p D HVVHQFLDOLGDGH GRV EHQV MXUtGLFRV

OLWLJLRVRV SRLV WDLV SUHVWDo}HV SHFXQLiULDV VmR LQGLVSHQViYHLV SDUD

SURSRUFLRQDUDSUySULDVREUHYLYrQFLDGLJQDGDVSHVVRDV

1HVVH FRQWH[WR RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV WrP

FRPRILQDOLGDGHD³DJLOL]DomRGRVSURFHVVRVMXGLFLDLVGHPHQRUH[SUHVVmR

HFRQ{PLFD IDFLOLWDQGR R DFHVVR j -XVWLoD H R UHVVDUFLPHQWR GDV SDUWHV

PHQRVIDYRUHFLGDVQDVGLVSXWDV´FRQWUDRVHQWHVS~EOLFRVIHGHUDLV





(VVD IXQomR GH DJLOL]DomR DSUHVHQWD SRUWDQWR XP

³UHVXOWDGRVRFLDO ORXYiYHO DR SHUPLWLU TXHFDXVDV GHSHTXHQR YDORUTXH

DIHWHPFDPDGDVVLJQLILFDWLYDVGDSRSXODomRFRPRDVSUHYLGHQFLiULDVHDV

DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV VHMDP GHFLGLGDV H H[HFXWDGDV GHQWUR GH XP SUD]R

VRFLDOPHQWHDGHTXDGR´





3DUD XPD PHOKRU DQiOLVH GDV PXGDQoDV MXUtGLFDV

LQWURGX]LGDV SHOD /HL Q  QD -XULVGLomR )HGHUDO H D UHODomR

GHVWDVFRPDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOIRLSRVVtYHODQDOLVDUGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRV

RILFLDLV WDQWR GR &RQVHOKR GH -XVWLoD )HGHUDO  &-) FRPR GR 7ULEXQDO

5HJLRQDO)HGHUDOGD5HJLmRHGHVHXVLVWHPDGLJLWDOGHSURFHVVDPHQWR

GH FDXVDV



 GHVWLQDGR DRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV FtYHLV SDUD WHQWDU

TXDQWLILFDURWHPSRGHGXUDomRGRVSURFHVVRVSHORPHQRVQRkPELWRGDV

WUrVYDUDVIHGHUDLVGH5HFLIH3(TXHGHWrPFRPSHWrQFLDSULYDWLYDSDUDRV

SURFHVVRVFtYHLVGHPHQRUYDORUHFRQ{PLFR

2V UHVXOWDGRV HVWmR VHQGR DSUHVHQWDGRV HP WySLFR

SUySULR H PRVWUDP TXH DV LQRYDo}HV HIHWLYDPHQWH WURX[HUDP EHQHItFLRV

SDUDDFHOHULGDGHGDMXULVGLomRIHGHUDOQRWDGDPHQWHQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRj

FRQFUHWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira. Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Constituição e Crise Política. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte, 2006, p. 472.

Ibidem, p. 472-473.

O nome do programa de computador se chama CRETA e inclusive já foi premiado em nível nacional em face

de sua excelência.

'HVVD IRUPD UHVVDOWHVH D LPSRUWkQFLD GH WUDWDU GR

WHPD GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO H D VXD UHODomR FRP RV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV VHQGR R HVWXGR GR kPELWR QRUPDWLYR GR

PLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV XP SRQWR GH

YLVWD YDOLRVR SDUD R HVWXGLRVR GR 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO H WDPEpP GR

'LUHLWR3URFHVVXDO

2HVTXHPD GR SUHVHQWHHVWXGR HQYROYHLQLFLDOPHQWH R

HVWXGR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV DSUHVHQWDQGRVH VHXV

IXQGDPHQWRV KLVWyULFRV H GRXWULQiULRV SDUD HP VHJXLGD GLVFXWLU D

IRUPXODomR MXUtGLFD GR PLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV FtYHLV 3RVWHULRUPHQWH VHUi DQDOLVDGD D UHODomR GR GLUHLWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO j UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR H RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLVUHVVDOWDQGRVHGHTXHIRUPDHOHVLQWHUDJHP

)LQDOPHQWHDILPGHWHQWDULOXVWUDUDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGH

DJLOL]DomR GRV SURFHVVRV D SDUWLU GD HGLomR GD /HL Q 

DSUHVHQWDUVHmR DOJXQV GDGRV HVWDWtVWLFRV SDUD D IRUPDomR GH RSLQLmR

VREUHDHILFiFLDGDVLQRYDo}HVOHJLVODWLYDVLQWURGX]LGDVSHODUHIHULGDOHLQR

kPELWRGD-XULVGLomR)HGHUDO



2V'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLV6RFLDLV



'LUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVHRSULQFtSLRGDVROLGDULHGDGH



$QWHV GH DYDQoDU QR HVWXGR HVSHFtILFR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV FRQYpP DQDOLVDU GH TXH PRGR HYROXtUDP RV

LQVWLWXWRVMXUtGLFRVGHSURWHomRGRVV~GLWRVGR(VWDGR±KRMHGHQRPLQDGRV

GHFLGDGmRVHPDLVFRUUHWDPHQWHGHVHUHVKXPDQRV±DWpDpSRFDDWXDO

D ILP GH GHPRQVWUDU D SDXODWLQD FRQVROLGDomR GD LGpLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GH

SRVLo}HVMXUtGLFDVFRQVLGHUDGDVIXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDRVLQGLYtGXRVRXVHMD

GH HOHYDGD LPSRUWkQFLD QDV UHODo}HV LQWHUVXEMHWLYDV GD FRPXQLGDGH

SROtWLFD

$WXDOPHQWHHPUD]mRGDSUHYDOrQFLDHPERDSDUWHGR

PXQGR RFLGHQWDO GHVHQYROYLGR GR FKDPDGR (VWDGR 6RFLDO GH 'LUHLWR

HVSHFLDOPHQWH QD (XURSD 2FLGHQWDO



 UHFRQKHFHXVH FODUDPHQWH D

LQVXILFLrQFLDGRVGLUHLWRVOLEHUDLVFOiVVLFRV



SDUDXPDPHOKRUFRQIRUPDomR

GD VRFLHGDGH H[LJLGD SHOR SULQFtSLR GD VROLGDULHGDGH



 HP RSRVLomR jV

SHUVSHFWLYDVFDSLWDOLVWDVPDLVUDGLFDLV

1HVVH VHQWLGR DV GRXWULQDV QHROLEHUDLV HFRQ{PLFDV H

SROtWLFDVGHFXQKRJOREDOL]DQWHVHPYLJRUQRV~OWLPRVDQRVGR6pFXOR;;

HQRFRPHoRGRSUHVHQWHVpFXORQmRSDUHFHPVHUDPHOKRUVROXomRSDUD

RV SUREOHPDV GD FRPXQLGDGH SROtWLFD WDQWR HP QtYHO QDFLRQDO FRPR QR

SDWDPDU PXQGLDO QD PHGLGD HP TXH UHYHODP XP WLSR GH KRPHP

LQVHQVtYHOjFRQGLomRGRRXWURRXVHMDVHPRVFRQGLFLRQDQWHVPRUDLVGDV

REULJDo}HVVRFLDLVGHFRUUHQWHVGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD

'H IDWR DVVLP VH H[SUHVVD -UJHQ +DEHUPDV

UHYHODQGR D WHQVmR HQWUH DV SHUVSHFWLYDV OLEHUDO FOiVVLFD H VRFLDO GD

ILORVyILFD SROtWLFD H TXH WDPEpP LPSOLFRX QD HYROXomR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVQRVHQWLGRVRFLDOL]DQWHHSUHVWDFLRQDO



$ WHRULD QHROLEHUDO FRQWD FRP VXMHLWRV GR GLUHLWR SULYDGR

>3ULYDWUHFKWVVXEMHNWH@ TXH ³ID]HP H SHUPLWHP R TXH

TXHUHP´ VHJXQGR DV SUySULDV SUHIHUrQFLDV H RULHQWDomR GH

YDORUHV GHQWUR GDV IURQWHLUDV OHJDLV GH DomR (OHV QmR

QHFHVVLWDP VH LQWHUHVVDU PXWXDPHQWH XQV SHORV RXWURV H

SRUWDQWR QmR HVWmR HTXLSDGRV FRP XP VHQWLGR PRUDO SDUD

REULJDo}HVVRFLDLV2UHVSHLWRUHFODPDGRMXULGLFDPHQWHSHODV

Para Habermas, o estabelecimento do Estado Social na Europa na segunda metade do Século XX foi uma das

conseqüências benéficas da 2ª Guerra Mundial, época na qual a “forma econômica altamente produtiva do

capitalismo foi sujeitada pela primeira vez de modo social”, o que garantiu, na sua visão, direitos sociais básicos.

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São Paulo:

Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 63-64.

A distinção entre direitos liberais clássicos, no sentido de liberdades negativas, ou direitos de não

interferência, frente ao Estado, e os direitos prestacionais exigíveis contra o Estado será objeto de tratamento

específico mais adiante.

O princípio da solidariedade (“consciência da solidariedade cosmopolita obrigatória”) não só entre cidadãos

dos Estados nacionais e também na comunidade internacional é uma exigência para o estabelecimento de ordens

democráticas nacionais e internacionais de cunho social sem as danosas interferências do neoliberalismo

econômico. Cf. HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-

Silva. São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 136, 141.

OLEHUGDGHV SULYDGDV >@ p DOJR GLIHUHQWH GR UHVSHLWR

XQLIRUPHGLDQWHGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQDGHTXDOTXHUSHVVRD





&RPR VH QRWD QmR H[LVWH XPD OLEHUGDGH DEVROXWD GR

LQGLYtGXR DLQGD TXH D OLEHUGDGH JHUDO GH DomR VHMD XPD SUHWHQVmR GR

'LUHLWR 0DV WDO SUHWHQVmR QmR p LQFRQGLFLRQDO H[DWDPHQWH SRUTXH

HQTXDGUDGDSHORSULQFtSLRGDVROLGDULHGDGHH[LJLGRSHOR(VWDGR6RFLDOGH

'LUHLWR

$SHUVSHFWLYDGRXWULQiULDGDYLVmRPHQRVOLEHUDODFHUFD

GDILORVRILDSROtWLFDLQFOXLDQHFHVVLGDGHGR(VWDGRPDLVSUHFLVDPHQWHGR

(VWDGR 6RFLDO DWXDU GH IRUPD PDLV HIHWLYD SDUD SURSLFLDU D WRGRV RV

LQGLYtGXRV R VXSULPHQWR GH VXDV QHFHVVLGDGHV EiVLFDV UHFRQKHFHQGR

GHVWDUWH XPD ³IXQomR SURPRFLRQDO GR GLUHLWR´ GH FDUiWHU OLEHUDO PHQRV

DFHQWXDGR





2TXHVHGHYHSURPRYHUpXPDLJXDOGDGHPDLVUHDOH

PHQRV IRUPDO GRV VHUHV KXPDQRV UHFKDoDQGRVH XP ³DXWLVPR

HFRQRPLFLVWD´TXHDSHQDVYLVXDOL]DRVSUREOHPDVGHHVFDVVH]DSDUWLUGH

FRQVLGHUDo}HV PHUDPHQWH HFRQ{PLFDV H TXH WHP XPD SHUVSHFWLYD

GHVSUHRFXSDGD GD ³GLPHQVmR LQWHJUDO´ GD SHVVRD KXPDQD H GRV YDORUHV

GD IUDWHUQLGDGH H GD VROLGDULHGDGH



 $V GRXWULQDV QHROLEHUDLV DR VH

GHVSUHJDUHP GR LGHiULR GR (VWDGR 6RFLDO SRU VXD YH] SHFDP SHOR

H[FHVVLYR DSHJR D XPD LGpLD GH XPD OLEHUGDGH UDGLFDO FRPR SULQFtSLR

EiVLFRGDFRPXQLGDGHSRUHQWHQGHUHPTXH³RYDORUGHXVRGDVOLEHUGDGHV

GRV FLGDGmRV VH HVJRWD QD IUXLomR GD DXWRQRPLD SULYDGD´ ( FRP LVVR

GHVFDUWDDQHFHVViULDLQWHUDomRHQWUHDDXWRQRPLDSULYDGDHDDXWRQRPLD

SROtWLFD GRV LQGLYtGXRV SUHMXGLFDQGR D ³LGpLD UHSXEOLFDQD GH

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 119.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Derechos Sociales y Positivismo Jurídico: Escritos de Filosofia Jurídica y

Política. Madri: Dykinson, 1999, p. 69.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Derechos Sociales y Positivismo Jurídico: Escritos de Filosofia Jurídica

y Política. Madri: Dykinson, 1999, p. 81-82.

DXWROHJLVODomR´ QD TXDO WDLV DXWRQRPLDV ³VH SUHVVXS}HP

UHFLSURFDPHQWH´





2XVHMDGHVFRQVLGHUDVHDGLPHQVmRQRUPDWLYDHVRFLDO

GD YLGD HP FRPXQLGDGH QR VHQWLGR GH TXH RV KRPHQV QmR YLYHP

LVRODGDPHQWH PDV DQWHV IRUPXODP XP FRQWUDWR VRFLDO SDUD GHL[DUHP R

³HVWDGRGDQDWXUH]D´QHFHVVDULDPHQWHVHDXWRFRQFHGHQGRUHJUDVSDUDD

FRQYLYrQFLDUHFtSURFDVHPSUHFRPDSUHRFXSDomRYROWDGDDRLQWHUHVVHGH

WRGRV RV PHPEURV GD FRPXQLGDGH R TXH GHQRWD D SUHPrQFLD GH XPD

YLVmRVROLGiULDGDYLGDHPFRPXP

3RU LVVR D OLEHUGDGH H D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQDV QmR VH

FRQFUHWL]DPHPUHODomRDRKRPHPFRQFUHWRGHIRUPDLVRODGDPDVDQWHV

VH UHDOL]DP ³QHFHVVDULDPHQWH QD YLGD VRFLDO´



 GRQGH SRVWXUDV HJRtVWDV

GDLGpLDGHOLEHUGDGHGHYHPVHUUHFKDoDGDV

1HVVH VHQWLGR RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV VmR EDVHDGRV QRV

YDORUHV GD LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO H GD VROLGDULHGDGH H WrP XPD ³IXQomR

HTXLOLEUDGRUDGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLV´DGTXLULQGR



>@ GHVWH PRGR XPD VLJQLILFDomR DEHUWDPHQWH SROrPLFD

FRP UHVSHLWR j F{PRGD LGHRORJLD LQGLYLGXDOLVWD GR ODLVVH]

IDLUH H FRP D VXD LQFDSDFLGDGH GH HYLWDU RX FRUULJLU DV

WHQV}HVVRFLDLVIUXWRVGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVHFRQ{PLFDV





2(VWDGR6RFLDOHSRUWDQWRDFRQFHSomRQRUPDWLYDGRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVWHPDIXQomRGHSHUPLWLUTXHJUXSRVPHQRVSULYLOHJLDGRV

SRVVDP ³HIHWLYDPHQWH XWLOL]DU RV GLUHLWRV IRUPDLV GLYLGLGRV LJXDOPHQWH´

GDQGR SULYLOpJLR D XPD QHFHVVLGDGH GH DOFDQoDU XPD LJXDOGDGH IiWLFD

GHQWURHSDUDDOpPGDGHFDQWDGDLJXDOGDGHMXUtGLFDIRUPDO1HVVHVHQWLGR

H[SUHVVDPHQWHGL]+DEHUPDV



eQDGLDOpWLFDGDLJXDOGDGHMXUtGLFDHGHVLJXDOGDGHIiWLFDTXH

VHIXQGDPHQWDDWDUHIDGR(VWDGR6RFLDOGHDWXDUQRVHQWLGR

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 119-120.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 136.

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 183-

184.

GH JDUDQWLU DV FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD ± HP WHUPRV VRFLDLV

WHFQROyJLFRV H HFROyJLFRV ± TXH WRUQDP SRVVtYHO XP XVR

LJXDOLWiULRGRVGLUHLWRVFLYLVGLYLGLGRVGHPRGRLJXDO





( HVVD LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO WDPEpP p FRQGLomR SDUD R

OLYUHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSHVVRDO HFXOWXUDO GR KRPHP QDVRFLHGDGHTXHp

XP SUHVVXSRVWR QHFHVViULR SDUD XP PHOKRU XVXIUXWR GDV OLEHUGDGHV

SROtWLFDV



 TXH SHUPLWHP DR LQGLYtGXR SDUWLFLSDU DWLYDPHQWH H

HIHWLYDPHQWH GDV GHFLV}HV SROtWLFDV GD FRPXQLGDGH HVWDWDO TXH LQWHJUD

&RP LVVR GHPRQVWUDVH D LQHTXtYRFD H LQVWUXPHQWDO FRQH[mR HQWUH RV

GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV H D GHPRFUDFLD DLQGD PDLV VH HVWD IRU FRPSUHHQGLGD

SURFHGLPHQWDOPHQWH H VRE D yWLFD GD WHRULD GR GLVFXUVR QD TXDO R

SURFHGLPHQWR GHPRFUiWLFR GHPDQGD QmR DSHQDV D SDUWLFLSDomR HP

HOHLo}HV PDV WDPEpP RSURFHVVR FRPXQLFDWLYRHP TXHRV SDUWLFLSDQWHV

SRVVDP GHIHQGHU SRVLo}HV GH IRUPD IXQGDPHQWDGD H FRP DUJXPHQWRV

UDFLRQDLV





3RU RXWUR ODGR RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HP JHUDO H

WDPEpPPDLVHVSHFLILFDPHQWHRVVRFLDLVRVWHQWDPIRUWHFRQWH~GRPRUDOH

LQGLFDP XPD QRYD FRQFHSomR MXVILORVyILFD GH UHDSUR[LPDomR GR GLUHLWR

FRP D PRUDO QRomR SHUGLGD FRP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR SRVLWLYLVPR

MXUtGLFR PHUDPHQWHQRUPDWLYLVWD



 'H IDWR SDUD DXWRUHV FRPR *UHJRULR

3HFHV%DUED0DUWLQH]RVLJQLILFDGRDWXDOGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVDWXDLV

UHIHUHVH D XPD ³SUHVWDomR PRUDO MXVWLILFDGD H VXD UHFHSomR QR 'LUHLWR

SRVLWLYR´HRPpWRGRFRUUHWRGHFRPSUHHQVmRGRVHXFRQWH~GRGHYH



>@ VXSHUDU D GLDOpWLFD MXVQDWXUDOLVPRSRVLWLYLVPR H QRV

VLJQLILFDGRV SRQGR HP UHOHYR D QHFHVViULD

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 83-84.

Para Peces-Barba, existem três dimensões da liberdade: a de não interferência, de cunho clássico; a

promocional, de caráter social, e a de participação política. Cf. MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones

de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 140-146.

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 140.

Cf. ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 38, para quem os princípios morais são úteis no Direito especialmente no momento da

fundamentação das decisões, tendo em vista a necessidade discursiva de alcance da “pretensão de correção”

exigida do Direito: “A correção jurídica abarca, assim, elementos de correção moral. É a correção substancial de

princípios morais que a torna considerável juridicamente, e nada mais.”.

FRPSOHPHQWDULGDGH H D FRHUrQFLD LQWHUQD GDV FRQWULEXLo}HV

OLEHUDO GHPRFUiWLFD H VRFLDOLVWD p GL]HU GRV GLUHLWRV FRPR

QmRLQWHUIHUrQFLDFRPRSDUWLFLSDomRHFRPRSUHVWDomR





$VVLP RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QD SHUVSHFWLYD

FRQWHPSRUkQHD H UHVSHFWLYD UHDOLGDGH KLVWyULFD QmR VH OLPLWDP DRV

GLUHLWRV GH QmR LQWHUIHUrQFLD FOiVVLFRV WDPEpP GLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV PDV

RVWHQWDP RV FRPSRQHQWHV SROtWLFR H VRFLDO H[DWDPHQWH SRUTXH D

GHPRFUDFLD H R (VWDGR 6RFLDO WrP SUHYDOHFLGR QR PXQGR GHVHQYROYLGR

HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR 2FLGHQWH DOpP GR FRPSRQHQWH PRUDO H[LJLGR SHOD

QHFHVVLGDGHGHFRUUHomRGR'LUHLWR$OH[\

e FHUWR TXH LQFOXVLYH QR SDtV EHUoR GR OLEHUDOLVPR

HFRQ{PLFR H OtGHU GR FDSLWDOLVPR FRQWHPSRUkQHR RV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV GD

$PpULFD RQGH D DXVrQFLD GR (VWDGR PXLWDV YH]HV p XP GHVHMR GD

FRPXQLGDGH DWXDOPHQWH KiIRUWH GHEDWH VREUH D LQWHUYHQomR HFRQ{PLFD

QDHFRQRPLD



HVREUHRSDSHOGR(VWDGRTXDQWRDRVVHUYLoRVGHVD~GH

(QmRVHSRGHROYLGDUTXHDFRPSUHHQVmRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV HP JHUDO WDPEpP HVWi YLQFXODGD D LQWHUDomR HQWUH XPD

PRUDOLGDGH UDFLRQDO H VHXV FRQGLFLRQDPHQWRV KLVWyULFRV TXH GHYH VHU

DQDOLVDGD HP IDFH GH FULWpULRV UHDLV H FXOWXUDLV GH GHWHUPLQDGD pSRFD H

OXJDU

&RPHIHLWRSDUD3HFHV%DUED0DUWLQH]



$DSOLFDomRGHFULWpULRVUDFLRQDLVSDUDFRQVWUXLURPRGHORGH

IXQGDPHQWDomR GRV GLUHLWRV p GL]HU SDUD HQWHQGHU D

PRUDOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV RX D LVWR HP VXD

GLPHQVmR GH SUHWHQV}HV PRUDLV MXVWLILFDGDV VH ID] VREUH

XPDEDVHKLVWyULFDRXVLWXDGDQDKLVWyULD





1HVVHFRQWH[WRRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVRXIXQGDPHQWDLV

QmR VHULDP D H[SUHVVmR SXUD GH XP UDFLRQDOLVPR DEVWUDWR DWHPSRUDO

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 29.

Basta lembrar a presente crise financeira e econômica que se alastrou pelo mundo a partir dos créditos

hipotecários “podres” em poder de bancos americanos. O noticiário revelou que diversas instituições financeiras

e, mais recentemente, também grandes indústrias estão sendo ajudadas pelo governo americano, para evitar a

falência de parte do sistema capitalista. Assim, o debate sobre o Estado Social ganha ainda mais importância

num contexto de crise econômica mundial, na qual os governos são chamados a intervir.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 33.

PDVDQWHVVXUJLULDPFRPRGHFRUUrQFLDGH³H[LJrQFLDVKLVWyULFDVHGHXQV

LQWHUHVVHVVHQWLGRSHODEXUJXHVLDTXHpTXHPLPSXOVLRQDRSURFHVVRFRP

R REMHWLYR GH OLPLWDU R 3RGHU SROtWLFR´ ( DVVLP RV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV SRU

H[HPSOR ³DSDUHFHP FRPR H[LJrQFLDV GD UHDOLGDGH KLVWyULFD GR PXQGR

PRGHUQR´HGHVWDIRUPDIRUDPWRUQDGRV³MXUtGLFRV´RTXHLQGLFDULDTXH

HVVHV GLUHLWRV QmR GHFRUUHP XQLFDPHQWH GD UD]mR QDWXUDO PDV VLP GH

XPD³UHVSRVWDFRPRGLVVHQVRIUHQWHDXPDVLWXDomRGHIDWRTXHSURYRFD

XPDUHDomRLQWHOHFWXDOTXHJHUDPRVYDORUHVTXHRVIXQGDPHQWDP´





1RWHVH TXH D UDFLRQDOLGDGH QmR GHL[D GH LQWHUIHULU

SRLV D ³UHDomR LQWHOHFWXDO´ TXH VH IRUPD D SDUWLU GH GHWHUPLQDGDV

VLWXDo}HV GH IDWR FRQVLGHUDGDV LQDGHTXDGDV WHP XP FDUiWHU UDFLRQDO

DLQGDTXHLQIOXHQFLDGDSHODVFLUFXQVWkQFLDVKLVWyULFDVGHFDGDpSRFD

$ FRPSUHHQVmR KLVWyULFD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

FRPRGLWRWDPEpPQmRH[FOXLRFRPSRQHQWHUDFLRQDOGHVVHVGLUHLWRVQD

PHGLGDHPTXHRFRPSRQHQWHSRVLWLYRGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHP±SRGHVH

GL]HU FRPSRQHQWH FRQVWLWXFLRQDO DSyV D UHFHSomR SHOR RUGHQDPHQWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO±SUHVVXS}H



>@ XPD GLPHQVmR H[WUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO H WUDQVSRVLWLYD

GHVWHV>GRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV@TXHWHPFRPRFHQWURGH

UHIHUrQFLD D GLJQLGDGH GD SHVVRD KXPDQD QHVVH VHQWLGR H

QHVVD PHGLGD SUHVVXS}H D GLPHQVmR TXH GHQRPLQDPRV

ILORVyILFDRXMXVQDWXUDOLVWD





'HIRUPDTXHHP~OWLPDLQVWkQFLDTXDQGRHPDQiOLVH

GLUHLWRVPXLWRSHFXOLDUHVGDFRQGLomRKXPDQDHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRTXHWRFD

j GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD QmR Ki FRPR HVFDSDU GH XP FHUWR QDWXUDOLVPR

UDFLRQDOTXHGHFRUUHGDSUySULDFRQGLomRGRKRPHPFRPRVHUSHQVDQWHH

UDFLRQDO R TXDO SRU PHLR GD ³FRPXQLFDomR DWUDYpV GD OLQJXDJHP H GD

FRQVWUXomR GH FRQFHLWRV JHUDLV HOHPHQWRV GHFLVLYRV SDUD D SURGXomR

LQWHOHFWXDO H SDUD D FULDomR GD FXOWXUD GHVGH R SRQWR GH YLVWD GR VHU

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 130-

131.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 48.

KXPDQR HP VXD GLPHQVmR PDLV UDGLFDO FRQGX]HP D PRUDOLGDGHTXH Gi

VHQWLGR~OWLPRDYLGD´





( DWp QR FDPSR GD WHRULD GD DUJXPHQWDomR MXUtGLFD

QRWDVHDH[LVWrQFLDGHUHIHUrQFLDVjIRUoDGDLGHRORJLDGR(VWDGR6RFLDO

QR FDPSR GH HVWXGR &RP HIHLWR D VXSHUDomR GR (VWDGR GH 'LUHLWR

FOiVVLFR GH FXQKR IRUPDOLVWD GHYHXVH DR DGYHQWR GR (VWDGR 6RFLDO R

TXDO VH IXQGDPHQWD QD ³LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO´ GDV SHVVRDV HP SURO GD

SURWHomR GD ³SDUWH PDLV IUDFD QDV UHODo}HV VRFLDLV´ GH PRGR TXH D

VHSDUDomR HQWUH R 'LUHLWR H D 0RUDO VHULD ³LPSRVVtYHO´ HP XP VLVWHPD

FRPRWDORQGH³DMXVWLoDDDUJXPHQWDomRHDHTXLGDGHVmRRVFRQFHLWRV

FKDYHV >@ H SRU LVVR QHFHVViULRV FRPR FULWpULRV SDUD DV GHFLV}HV

MXGLFLDLV´



 $ LQWHUSUHWDomR MXUtGLFD WDPEpP HVWDULD ³SHUPHDGD SRU

HOHPHQWRVpWLFRV´





$VVLP D IXQomR GD DUJXPHQWDomR MXUtGLFD VHULD D GH

HYLWDU D DUELWUDULHGDGH QD SURODomR GH GHFLV}HV H WDPEpP HP ~OWLPD

DQiOLVH D EXVFD SHOD FRUUHomR VXEVWDQFLDO GR UHVXOWDGR ILQDO GD

LQWHUSUHWDomRMXUtGLFD'HIDWRSDUD$XOLV$DUQLR



>@ DV GHFLV}HV MXUtGLFDV QmR DSHQDV GHYHP FRQIRUPDUVH

FRPR'LUHLWRIRUPDOVHQmRTXHWHPTXHVDWLVID]HUFHUWRV

FULWpULRV D[LROyJLFRV PRUDLV 8WLOL]DQGR D IUDVH GH 0D[

:HEHUQDVRFLHGDGHPRGHUQDRGLUHLWRVHPDWHULDOL]D





(RREMHWLYRPDLRUGDLQWHUSUHWDomRMXUtGLFDLPSOLFDHP

TXH DV GHFLV}HV VHMDP DFHLWiYHLV SDUD D FRPXQLGDGH GH IRUPD TXH D

DUJXPHQWDomR GHYH VHU UDFLRQDO H FRP UHVXOWDGRV TXH VDWLVIDoDP DV

H[LJrQFLDVGH-XVWLoDRTXHH[LJHSDUDRVWULEXQDLVHQFDUUHJDGRVGHWDO

PLVWHUDXWLOL]DomRGHDUJXPHQWRVFRUUHWRVHD[LRORJLFDPHQWHYDOLRVRV

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 136.

AARNIO, Aulis. Derecho, Racionalidad y Comunicación Social: Ensayos sobre Filosofia Del Derecho.

México D.F.: Distribuiciones Fontamara, 1995, p. 52.

PEREIRA, Jane Reis Gonçalves. Interpretação Constitucional e Direitos Fundamentais. Rio de Janeiro:

Renovar, 2006, p. 33.

AARNIO, Aulis, Op. cit, loc. cit.

(VVHFXLGDGRHP~OWLPDDQiOLVHJHUDDOHJLWLPLGDGHGR

RUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFRGDFRPXQLGDGHDRSHUPLWLURFRQWUROHGHPRFUiWLFR

GRVWULEXQDLVSRUPHLRGDH[SRVLomRDUJXPHQWDWLYDGDVGHFLV}HV





$ SURSyVLWR YDOH UHJLVWUDU TXH QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR

)HGHUDO HVWi DSDUHOKDGD SDUD DWHQGHU DRV SUHFHLWRV GD DUJXPHQWDomR

MXUtGLFD UDFLRQDO QD PHGLGD HP TXH Ki QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H[SUHVVD

GHWHUPLQDQGRTXHWRGDVDVGHFLV}HVMXGLFLDLVGHYHPVHUIXQGDPHQWDGDVH

WRPDGDVGHIRUPDS~EOLFD





3RU RXWUR ODGR PHUHFH GHVWDTXH R VXUJLPHQWR GD

SHUVSHFWLYDGDH[LVWrQFLDDRODGRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGRVGHYHUHV

IXQGDPHQWDLV RV TXDLV VmR GHFRUUHQWHV GH XPD ³VXSHUDomRRX FRUUHomR

GDVWHVHVHPDQFLSDWyULDVGROLEHUDOLVPRLQGLYLGXDOLVWD´SULQFLSDOPHQWHHP

IDYRUGH³XPHPSHQKRVROLGiULRGHWRGRVQDWUDQVIRUPDomRGDVHVWUXWXUDV

VRFLDLV´$FRQFHSomRUHYHODDLGpLDpWLFDGHTXHRKRPHPQmRH[LVWHVy

QD FRPXQLGDGH H TXH VXD OLEHUGDGH QmR p DEVROXWD GH PRGR TXH ³RV

LQGLYtGXRV VmR UHVSRQViYHLV QR FDPSR SROtWLFR HFRQ{PLFR VRFLDO H

FXOWXUDOSHODVHJXUDQoDSHODMXVWLoDHSHORSURJUHVVRGDFRPXQLGDGH´





3RULVVR PHVPRRV GLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLV HPSULQFtSLR

GLUHWDPHQWHH[LJtYHLVGR(VWDGRSDUDDFRQVHFXomRGRPtQLPRH[LVWHQFLDO

UHODWLYRjGLJQLGDGHKXPDQDFRQILJXUDPVHXPGLUHLWROLPLWDGRQRVHQWLGR

GHTXHDSHQDVRVTXHUHDOPHQWHSUHFLVDPGHSUHVWDo}HVJRYHUQDPHQWDLV

SRGHPH[LJLORVGHIRUPDTXHDH[FOXVmRHPUHODomRDHVVDVSUHVWDo}HV

GDV SHVVRDV GRWDGDV GH DPSORV PHLRV HFRQ{PLFRV QmR VLJQLILFD XP

HQIUDTXHFLPHQWR GR SULQFtSLR GD XQLYHUVDOLGDGH GD ³OLEHUGDGH

SURPRFLRQDO´





(VVHDVSHFWRSRURXWURODGRLQGLFDDH[LVWrQFLDGHQmR

VRPHQWHGLUHLWRVQXPDVRFLHGDGHSROtWLFDGHPRFUiWLFDIXQGDGDHPEDVHV

VRFLDLV PDV WDPEpP QD SUHVHQoD GH GHYHUHV TXH RQHUDP WRGRV RV

FLGDGmRVSDUDDFRQVHFXomRGHXPDFRPXQLGDGHIXQGDGDQDVROLGDULHGDGH

Ibidem, p. 52-53.

Constituição Federal, art. 93, inc. IX.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 160-161.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 144.

LQWHUVXEMHWLYDSRLVUHFRQKHFHVHSHORPHQRVLPSOLFLWDPHQWHTXHDOJXQV

GHYHPFRQWULEXLUPDLVDWpGRTXHVHEHQHILFLDP

$VVLPDOLEHUGDGHGRKRPHPQmRGHYHFRUUHVSRQGHUD

XPSDGUmRUDGLFDOGH³HPDQFLSDomRDQiUTXLFD´PDVDQWHVGH³DXWRQRPLD

PRUDO H DXWRUHVSRQVDELOLGDGH QD DFWXDomR VRFLDO´ PDQWHQGRVH RV

LQGLYtGXRV FRQHFWDGRV DR FXPSULPHQWR GRV ³YDORUHV FRPXQLWiULRV TXH

SUHHQFKHPRHVSDoRQRUPDWLYR´HTXHWrPTXHUHVSHLWDU





1HVVH SRQWR DWp PHVPR RV FKDPDGRV ³GLUHLWRV GH

VROLGDULHGDGH´QRYDWLSRORJLDHPYRJDTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDEHQVGLIXVRVGD

FROHWLYLGDGH FRPR R PHLR DPELHQWH H R SDWULP{QLR FXOWXUDO LPSOLFDP

QXPD SRVLomR FRPSRUWDPHQWDO DWLYD GRV LQGLYtGXRV ³QXP TXDGUR GH

UHFLSURFLGDGHHGHVROLGDULHGDGH´





( HQWUH RV GHYHUHV IXQGDPHQWDLV QmR VH SRGH GHL[DU

GH PHQFLRQDU R GHYHU GH SDJDU LPSRVWRV R TXDO p LQWLPDPHQWH

FRQHFWDGRV DRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV SRLV HVWHV GHPDQGDP XP

JDVWR HVWDWDO GH HOHYDGDV SURSRUo}HV SDUD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GLXWXUQD (P

XPDVRFLHGDGHFRPRDQRVVDQDTXDODGHVLJXDOGDGHVRFLDOJUDVVDQmR

VHSRGHDFHLWDURVDOWRVQtYHLVGHVRQHJDomRILVFDOTXHVHREVHUYDFRPR

PRVWUDP RV HVFDQLQKRV GDV YDUDV SULYDWLYDV GH H[HFXomR ILVFDO FRP

FHQWHQDVGHPLOKDUHVGHSURFHVVRVHPDQGDPHQWR



'RVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



%UHYHKLVWyULFRHHVWDEHOHFLPHQWRQDRUGHPLQWHUQDFLRQDO



$QWHVPHVPRGDSRVLWLYDomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHP

GLYHUVDV FRQVWLWXLo}HV QDFLRQDLV IRUMDGDV QD +LVWyULD FRQWHPSRUkQHD

6pFXORV ;,; H ;; D KXPDQLGDGH Mi VH SUHRFXSDYD FRP D DGRomR GH

UHJUDV MXUtGLFDV RX SHOR PHQRV GH GHFODUDo}HV GH SULQFtSLRV HP WH[WRV

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 166.

Ibidem, p. 168.

HVFULWRV YLVDQGR j SURWHomR GR KRPHP FRQWUD R DUEtWULR GR SUySULR

KRPHPHRXGRVVREHUDQRV

1HVVH GLDSDVmR RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV VXUJHP H

FRQVROLGDPVH GHILQLWLYDPHQWH D SDUWLU GR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GRV LGHDLV

LOXPLQLVWDV GRV VpFXORV ;9,, H ;9,,, H[DWDPHQWH QRTXDGUDQWH KLVWyULFR

GD SUHYDOrQFLD GD UD]mR KXPDQD FRPR QRUWH SDUD D FRQGXomR GD

KXPDQLGDGH R TXH GHVSHUWRX FRQIOLWRV HQWUH R GLUHLWR SRVWR H R GLUHLWR

QDWXUDOHVWHRULHQWDGRSHODUD]mR



HQTXDQWRDTXHOHPHUDPHQWHLPSRVWR

SRU DXWRULGDGHV QmRGHPRFUiWLFDV VHP SUHRFXSDomR GH MXVWLILFDomR HP

EDVHV UDFLRQDLV H OHJtWLPDV EHP FRPR JHUDOPHQWH LQIOXHQFLDGR SRU

UHYHODo}HVGLYLQDVHWHROyJLFDV

3DUD3HFHV%DUED0DUWtQH]VmRTXDWURRVIXQGDPHQWRV

ILORVyILFRVTXHPDUFDUDPRWUkQVLWRGDpSRFDPHGLHYDOSDUDPRGHUQLGDGH

H TXH GHUDP HQVHMR DR VXUJLPHQWR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV H

SRVWHULRUPHQWHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVDVHFXODUL]DomRGDVRFLHGDGHSyV

PHGLHYDORQDWXUDOLVPRSHUPLWLGRSHORSURJUHVVRGDVFLrQFLDVQDWXUDLVR

UDFLRQDOLVPR TXH DEUDQJH D YDORUL]DomR GD UD]mR H R SURWDJRQLVPR GR

KRPHPQD+LVWyULDHSRUILPRLQGLYLGXDOLVPRGRKRPHPEXUJXrVTXH

SHUPLWLX FRP R DSRLR QD GLVVHPLQDomR GD LPSUHQVD XP PHOKRU

DSHUIHLoRDPHQWR GR KRPHP SRU VHX LVRODPHQWR SDUD HVWXGR D SDUWLU GR

DFHVVRDREUDVDQWHVUHVWULWDV





(PTXHSHVHHVVDYLVmRQRVHQWLGRGDVHFXODUL]DomRGD

VRFLHGDGH QmR VH SRGH GHVFDUWDU HQWUHWDQWR D IRUoD GRV LGHDLV GH

LJXDOGDGH GR SHQVDPHQWR FULVWmR TXH LPSOLFDUDP ³QXPD YDORUL]DomR

WLSLFDPHQWHFULVWmGDSHVVRDKXPDQDGRLQGLYtGXRFRPRWDO´VHPDTXDO

³MDPDLVDILORVRILDGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHPjTXDOGDPRVWDQWDLPSRUWkQFLD

DLQGDKRMHWHULDYLQGRjOX]´





LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 30.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 81-

84.

FERRY, Luc. Aprender a viver: filosofia para os novos tempos. Objetiva: Rio de Janeiro, 2007, p. 78.

$FRQVROLGDomRGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHPQR6pFXOR;9,,,

SRLV p PDUFDGD SHOR LQGLYLGXDOLVPR H SHOR UDFLRQDOLVPR GRV GLUHLWRV

QDWXUDLVTXHPDUFDPDFUHQoDQDDXWRQRPLDSOHQDGRKRPHPHQDUD]mR

FRPR IRUPD GH GHILQLU RV GLUHLWRV QDWXUDLV H LQDOLHQiYHLV GRV VHUHV

KXPDQRV HVWHV SUHH[LVWHQWHV DR FRQWUDWR VRFLDO H[SUHVVmR GD YRQWDGH

JHUDO&RPHIHLWRQRGL]HUGH3HUH]/XxR³VyDOHLSRGHOLPLWDURGHVIUXWH

GRV GLUHLWRV QDWXUDLV GH FDGD FLGDGmR H SDUD DVVHJXUiORV D WRGRV VH

FRQFHEH FRPR H[SUHVVmR GD YRQWDGH JHUDO VHJXQGR R HQVLQDPHQWR GH

5RXVVHDX´





(VWD FRQVROLGDomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV IRL PDUFDGD

SHODSRVLWLYDomRGRVGLUHLWRVDQWHVPHUDPHQWHQDWXUDLVHUHYHODGRVSHODV

GRXWULQDV UDFLRQDLV LOXPLQLVWDV HP WH[WRV QRUPDWLYRV GDQGR RULJHP j

FRQH[mR HQWUH D FRQVWLWXLomR H RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV PDUFDQWH QDV

UHYROXo}HVGRILQDOGR6pFXOR;9,,,





(HVWDSRVLWLYDomRWHPLPSRUWkQFLDDWpKRMHSRLVSDUD

3HFHV%DUED 0DUWtQH] RV GLUHLWRV FRQKHFLGRV KLVWRULFDPHQWH H RV DWXDLV

VHPSUHIRUDPDSOLFDGRVDSDUWLUGHXPDQRUPDSRVLWLYD



PDVPDQWHQGR

VHDSUHWHQVmRPRUDOTXHMXVWLILFDDLQFRUSRUDomRDRGLUHLWRSRVLWLYR





(QWUHWDQWR DV SULPHLUDV UHIHUrQFLDV j H[LVWrQFLD GH

GLUHLWRVGRKRPHPFRQWUDR(VWDGRRXVREHUDQR



MiVXUJHPDQWHVPHVPR

GR SHUtRGR LOXPLQLVWD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR SRGHVH YHULILFDU QD IDPRVD

0DJQD&DUWDGHHGLWDGDQD,QJODWHUUDQD%DL[D,GDGH0pGLD

$SHVDUGLVVRQRHQWHQGHUGH)iELR.RQGHU&RPSDUDWR

RHPEULmRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHPTXHSHVHVXDLPSRUWkQFLDKLVWyULFD

DLQGD QmR RVWHQWDYD FDUiWHU JHUDO H LUUHVWULWR PDV DQWHV DWHQGLD DRV

LQWHUHVVHVGRVQREUHVHGRFOHURGDpSRFD

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 36.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 107.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 108.

Ibidem, p. 109.

Para Nelson Saldanha, não se pode dizer que a Idade Média foi apenas a época “das trevas”, nem marcada

apenas por visões teológicas do poder, mas também foi uma época de limitação dos poderes do soberano, ainda

que sem o grau de eficácia da modernidade. Para o autor, a comparação entre as a Idade Média e a modernidade

acaba causando distorções nessa compreensão. Cf. SALDANHA, Nelson. Formação da Teoria Constitucional.

2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2000, p. 17.



)RL MXVWDPHQWH FRQWUD RV DEXVRV GHVVD FRQFHQWUDomR GH

SRGHUTXHVXUJLUDPDVSULPHLUDVPDQLIHVWDo}HVGHUHEHOGLD

QDSHQtQVXODLEpULFDFRPD'HFODUDomRGDV&RUWHVGH/HmRGH

 H VREUHWXGR QD ,QJODWHUUD FRP D 0DJQD &DUWD GH



1R HPEULmR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV SRUWDQWR GHVSRQWRX

DQWHVGHWXGRRYDORUGDOLEHUGDGH1mRSRUpPDOLEHUGDGH

JHUDO HP EHQHItFLR GH WRGRV VHP GLVWLQo}HV GH FRQGLomR

VRFLDORTXHVyYLULDDVHUGHFODUDGRDRILQDOGRVpFXOR;9,,,

PDV VLP OLEHUGDGHV HVSHFtILFDV HP IDYRU SULQFLSDOPHQWH

GRV HVWDPHQWRV VXSHULRUHV GD VRFLHGDGH ± R FOHUR H D

QREUH]D  FRP DOJXPDV FRQFHVV}HV HP EHQHItFLR GR

µ7HUFHLUR(VWDGR¶RSRYR





7DPEpP SDUD $QWRQLR (QULTXH 3HUH] /XxR D 0DJQD

&DUWD HUD XP GRFXPHQWR HGLWDGR SHOR VREHUDQR H GLULJLGR DRV QREUHV H

ELVSRV QR TXDO GLUHLWRV HUDP UHFRQKHFLGRV D HVWHV HVWDPHQWRV  VHP

RVWHQWDU HQWUHWDQWR FDUiWHU JHUDO  PDV R GRFXPHQWR SRVWHULRUPHQWH

WRUQRXVHDIRQWHGHLQVSLUDomRSDUD D DGRomRGHUHJUDVGHPRFUiWLFDVH

EHQpILFDVGHFDUiWHUJHUDOSDUDWRGDDFRPXQLGDGHFRPRPRVWUDPD/HL

GH+DEHDV&RUSXVHD%LOORI5LJKWVGD,QJODWHUUDGRVpFXOR;9,,





$VVLP WDPEpP HQWHQGH 3HFHV%DUED 0DUWtQH] SDUD

TXHP DV OHLV LQJOHVDV GR +DEHDV &RUSXV D 3HWLWLRQ RI 5LJKWV H R %LOO RI

5LJKWV WRGDV GR 6pFXOR ;9,, VLPEROL]DP D OXWD FRQWUD R 3RGHU 5HDO

SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP IDYRU GDV FODVVHV SULYLOHJLDGDV H TXH ³OHQWDPHQWH VH

GHVSUHQGH GH VXDV GLPHQV}HV HVWDPHQWDLV SDUD VH VLWXDU QD

UHSUHVHQWDomRLQGLYLGXDO´HVWDGHFDUiWHUPDLVJHUDO





'HXVHSRUWDQWR XPSURFHVVR GH ³JHQHUDOL]DomR´GRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV LPSXOVLRQDGR SHOR UHFKDoR j FRQVWDWDomR GH TXH

DOJXQVGLUHLWRVFRPRSRUH[HPSORRGLUHLWRDRYRWRHUDPGHWLWXODULGDGH

OLPLWDGD D GHWHUPLQDGDV FODVVHV RX JUXSRV PDLV IDYRUHFLGRV TXH

SRVWHULRUPHQWH SHUPLWH R DSDUHFLPHQWR GH QRYDV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV

FRPRRVGLUHLWRVHFRQ{PLFRVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 46.

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 34/35.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 96.



1R VHLR GHVWH YDVWR PRYLPHQWR H GHVGH XPD PHQWDOLGDGH

GH LJXDOGDGH HIHWLYD QR H[HUFtFLR GRV GLUHLWRV VH GHYH

WDPEpPVLWXDUDDSDULomRGRVGLUHLWRVHFRQ{PLFRVVRFLDLVH

FXOWXUDLVFRPRLQGLVSHQViYHLVSDUDRJR]RJHQHUDOL]DGRGRV

GLUHLWRVFLYLVHSROtWLFRV





2V LGHDLV GH OLEHUGDGH LQJOHVHV WDPEpP VHUYLUDP GH

PRGHORSDUDDVUHYROXo}HVDPHULFDQD±HVSHFLDOPHQWHSDUDHVWD±HHP

VHJXLGD SDUD D 5HYROXomR )UDQFHVD DV TXDLV JHUDUDP GRFXPHQWRV

GHFODUDWyULRV GH GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP H IRUDP R JpUPHQ GR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQR





&RPHIHLWRDFKDPDGD5HYROXomR$PHULFDQDWRPRXRV

IXQGDPHQWRVGDLGpLDGH³PRQDUTXLDOLPLWDGD´GRVLQJOHVHV³HVIRUoDQGRVH

SDUDDVVHJXUDUDOLEHUGDGHLQGLYLGXDO´HWUDQVIRUPDQGR³HVWDGRXWULQDHP

SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR JRYHUQR OLPLWDGR´



 ( DVVLP ID]HQGR ³SHOD

SULPHLUD YH] D LGpLD WUDGLFLRQDO GH OLPLWDU R SRGHU KDYLD GHULYDGR QD

FRQFHVVmR GH GLUHLWRV SRVLWLYDGRV DRV LQGLYtGXRV´ LQFOXVLYH FRP

SRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHFXUVR jV FRUWHV GH -XVWLoD FRQWUD DWRV

JRYHUQDPHQWDLV





(PIDFHGHVVDDPSOLWXGHGHUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHGLUHLWRV

HGDDILUPDomRGDVREHUDQLDSRSXODUFRPRIXQGDPHQWRGHOHJLWLPDomRGR

3RGHU D 'HFODUDomR GH 'LUHLWRV GD 9LUJtQLD GH 



 QR kPELWR GD

5HYROXomR $PHULFDQD H SUHFHGHQWH j SUySULD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO

DPHULFDQDGHFRQVROLGDSHODSULPHLUDYH]QD+LVWyULDRVSULQFtSLRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVTXHLQIRUPDPRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQR QRWDGDPHQWH

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 111.

Para uma análise detalhada das grandes fases de implantação dos direitos humanos, inclusive até os

documentos internacionais adotados após a 2ª Grande Guerra, cf. COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação

histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007, p.37-58. Para um estudo da história do

constitucionalismo moderno e sua relação com as declarações de direito do século XVIII, cf. DIPPEL, Horst.

Constitucionalismo moderno. Introducctión a uma Historia que necesita ser escrita. Disponível em: <

http://hc.rediris.es/06/articulos/html/numero06.html>. Acesso em: 27/03/2007.

DIPPEL, Horst. Op. Cit.

Em ingles: Virginia Declaration of Rights, Segundo: DIPPEL, Horst. Op. Cit..

RUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHDLQGHSHQGrQFLDMXGLFLDOTXHVmR

RVPDLVFRQFDWHQDGRVFRPRSUHVHQWHHVWXGR





1RWHVH TXH D 'HFODUDomR $PHULFDQD QmR Vy UHFHEHX

LQIOX[RV GR LGHiULR GH JRYHUQR OLPLWDGR GD ,QJODWHUUD H GD OLEHUGDGH

LQGLYLGXDO GRV V~GLWRV GH FDUiWHU PDLV SUDJPiWLFR PDV WDPEpP GR

UDFLRQDOLVPR MXVQDWXUDOLVWD PDLV DEVWUDWR HP YRJD WDPEpP QD (XURSD

FRQWLQHQWDO GH PRGR TXH SDUD 3HFHV%DUED 0DUWtQH] D ILORVRILD GRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GD &RQVWLWXLomR $PHULFDQD ³LQFRUSRUD XPD

WHUPLQRORJLDTXHpDRPHVPRWHPSRSURGXWRGHSRVLo}HVXWLOLWDULVWDVH

GHILORVRILDUDFLRQDOHDEVWUDWDGRMXVQDWXUDOLVPR´





7DO FRQYHUJrQFLD WDPEpP IRL QRWDGD SRU 9LHLUD GH

$QGUDGHSDUDTXHPDV&RQVWLWXLo}HVGRV(VWDGRVDPHULFDQRVHGHSRLVD

&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGH³UHFRUUHPMiDIRUPXODVXQLYHUVDLVMXQWDQGR

R UDFLRQDOLVPR SUySULR GD pSRFD DR WUDGLFLRQDO SUDJPDWLVPR DQJOR

VD[yQLFRRVFRVWXPHVWUDQVIRUPDPVHHPSULQFtSLRV´





$ SUySULD 5HYROXomR $PHULFDQD WDPEpP LQIOXHQFLRX D

OXWD GD EXUJXHVLDFRQWUD DPRQDUTXLD DEVROXWDQD )UDQoDTXH FXOPLQRX

QD 5HYROXomR )UDQFHVD GH  TXH FRQFHGHX FDUiWHU SUDWLFDPHQWH

XQLYHUVDO DR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR



 DLQGD TXH D 'HFODUDomR GH 'LUHLWRV

IUDQFHVD GH  QmR WHQKD SUHYLVWR H[SUHVVDPHQWH WRGRV RV SULQFtSLRV

EiVLFRVUHFRQKHFLGRVQRWH[WRGD&RQVWLWXLomRGD9LUJtQLDGH





2 LQWHUHVVDQWH p DSRQWDU TXH R FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

DPHULFDQRFRPSURYRXHVWDUHQWUHODoDGRFRPRPRYLPHQWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

GHHVFDODJOREDOHVSHFLDOPHQWHFRPD5HYROXomR)UDQFHVDTXHUHVXOWRX

Cf. DIPPEL, Horst. Constitucionalismo moderno. Introducctión a uma Historia que necesita ser escrita.

Disponível em: < http://hc.rediris.es/06/articulos/html/numero06.html>. Acesso em: 27/03/2007. O autor

descreve os 10 princípios básicos do constitucionalismo: direitos humanos, soberania popular, ancoragem da

constituição em princípios universais, governo limitado, a consideração da constituição como lei suprema, a

separação de poderes, o governo representativo, a limitação do poder governamental, a responsabilidade política

e a independência judicial.

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 97-

98.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. Ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 21.

Sobre o caráter mais universal da Revolução Francesa, cf. COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação

histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007, p. 52-53.

DIPPEL, Horst. Constitucionalismo moderno. Introducctión a uma Historia que necesita ser escrita.

Disponível em: < http://hc.rediris.es/06/articulos/html/numero06.html>. Acesso em: 27/03/2007, p. 189.

QDSURFODPDomRGDFKDPDGDGH'HFODUDomRGRV'LUHLWRVGR+RPHPHGR

&LGDGmR GH  FXMR DUW  GHILQH HP OLQKDV JHUDLV DV FRQGLo}HV

PtQLPDVSDUDRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDFRQVWLWXLomR





'HIDWRRDUWGD'HFODUDomRIUDQFHVDGLVS}H



$UW7RGDVRFLHGDGHQDTXDODJDUDQWLDGRVGLUHLWRVQmR

p DVVHJXUDGD QHP D VHSDUDomR GRV SRGHUHV GHWHUPLQDGD

QmRWHPFRQVWLWXLomR





7DO GLVSRVLWLYR WHP HOHYDGD LPSRUWkQFLD KLVWyULFD SRLV

PDUFD R VXUJLPHQWR GR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR R TXDO FRPR YLVWR HVWi

LQWLPDPHQWH OLJDGR DR UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV SRLV R ³PRYLPHQWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWD>@UHVSHLWRXHUHDOL]RXHVVDLPSRVWDomRGRDUWLJR

GHPRGRTXHQmRKiSUDWLFDPHQWHFRQVWLWXLo}HVTXHQmRWHQKDPGHGLFDGR

XPHVSDoRDRVGLUHLWRVRXOLEHUGDGHVIXQGDPHQWDLV´





1D YHUGDGH QmR VH SRGH IDODU HP GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV ± H WDPEpP GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV ± DQWHV GR DGYHQWR GR

5HQDVFLPHQWR H GD PRGHUQLGDGH



 HP TXH SHVH R VXUJLPHQWR GHVWHV

GLUHLWRV QmR WHQKD VLGR HIHWLYDGR GH PRGR LQVWDQWkQHR PDV SHOR

FRQWUiULRVHMDRUHVXOWDGRGHXPORQJRSURFHVVRGHHYROXomR



$VVLPDV

UHYROXo}HVSROtWLFDVGR6pFXOR;9,,,VmRLQGXELWDYHOPHQWHRiSLFHGHVVD

HYROXomRGDUDFLRQDOLGDGHKXPDQDFRQGLFLRQDGDKLVWRULFDPHQWH

$ JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD GHVVDV UHYROXo}HV WHP UHODomR

HYLGHQWH FRP RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRLV QR GL]HU GH 9LHLUD GH

$QGUDGH



$ILUPDVHHQWmRDSULPD]LDGRLQGLYtGXRVREUHR(VWDGRHD

6RFLHGDGH FRQVWUXtGRV HVWHV FRQWUDWXDOPHQWH FRP EDVH QD

DIPPEL, Horst. Constitucionalismo moderno. Introducctión a uma Historia que necesita ser escrita.

Disponível em: < http://hc.rediris.es/06/articulos/pdf/08.pdf>. Acesso em: 27/03/2007.

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. Op. cit. p. 159.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. Ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 22-23.

Sobre o caráter não-abrangente e elitista dos “primeiros direitos” individuais surgidos na Inglaterra, na Idade

Média, como afirmado antes, Cf., ainda, ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na

Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 20.

MARTINEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p.

73/74.

OLEHUGDGHSROtWLFDHQDVOLEHUGDGHVLQGLYLGXDLVHDVVLPGHILQH

DSRVVLELOLGDGHGHUHDOL]DomRMXUtGLFDGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHP

WUDoDQGR R VHQWLGR GD PXGDQoD ± FXMRV PDUFRV KLVWyULFRV

PDLVVLJQLILFDWLYRVYLULDPDVHUDV5HYROXo}HV$PHULFDQDVH

)UDQFHVD





3RU RXWUR ODGR SDUDGR[DOPHQWH R QDVFLPHQWR

GHILQLWLYR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HVWi GLUHWDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGR FRP R

VXUJLPHQWR GR (VWDGR FHQWUDOL]DGRU TXH HUD R FRQWUiULR GR (VWDGR

PHGLHYDOGHFDUiWHUIUDJPHQWDGR'HIDWRSDUD3HFHV%DUED0DUWtQH]



'H VXD SDUWH D DSDULomR GR (VWDGR JHUDUi XP GLVVHQVR

DSRLDGRQDQRYDPHQWDOLGDGHLPSXOVLRQDGRSHODEXUJXHVLD

VREUH DV FRQGLo}HV GR H[HUFtFLR DEVROXWR GR 3RGHU 2 QRYR

FRQVHQVR SROtWLFR VH FRQVWUyL TXHVWLRQDQGR D RULJHP GR

3RGHUVXDMXVWLILFDomRVHXH[HUFtFLRHVHXVILQVHVHSURGX]

SRU PHLR GR FRQWUDWXDOLVPR GD LGpLD GH &RQVWLWXLomR H GD

FRQVLGHUDomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRPR REMHWR GR

FRQWUDWRHFRPROLPLWHVGR3RGHU





(HVWH ³QRYR´(VWDGR WHPFRPR IRUoDPRWUL] RV LGHDLV

EXUJXHVHVGHOLEHUGDGHHGHOLYUHSURSULHGDGHHHPSUHVDFRPFRQRWDo}HV

LQGLYLGXDOLVWDV HP RSRVLomR DRV DQVHLRV DXWRULWiULRV H HVWDPHQWDLV GR

DQWLJR (VWDGR DEVROXWR R TXDO QmR SHUPLWLD R OLYUH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD

FODVVHVRFLDOEXUJXHVDHQWmRGHVSURYLGDGHSULYLOpJLRV7DLVUHLYLQGLFDo}HV

EXUJXHVDV GH FDUiWHU PHUFDQWLO VH XQLUDP D RXWUDV GH FXQKR PDLV

JHQHUDOL]DGRFRPRRVGLUHLWRVLQGLYLGXDLVJHUDLVRVGLUHLWRVSURFHVVXDLVH

GH SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD QD WHQWDWLYD GH VXSHUDomR GRV HVTXHPDV GR

(VWDGRDEVROXWR





(VVDSULPHLUDIDVHGHDILUPDomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

SDXODWLQDPHQWH WUDQVIRUPDGRV HP GLUHLWRV SRVLWLYRV RX IXQGDPHQWDLV

DLQGDpPDUFDGDSHORLQGLYLGXDOLVPRXPDGHFRUUrQFLDQDWXUDOGRVGHVHMRV

GD FODVVH VRFLDO YLWRULRVD QDV UHYROXo}HV GD pSRFD D EXUJXHVLD TXH

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. Ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 18.

MARTINEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 74.

Ibidem, p. 75-76.

SURFXURXSURWHJHUVHFRQWUDRVDUEtWULRVSUDWLFDGRVSHORUHLSHODQREUH]D

RXSHORFOHURRXVHMDSHORDQWLJRUHJLPH

7RGDYLD D HPDQFLSDomR LQGLYLGXDOLVWD GR EXUJXrV H R

FRQVHTHQWHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRFLHQWtILFRHWHFQROyJLFRGDpSRFDJHUDUDPD

FKDPDGD³5HYROXomR,QGXVWULDO´FRPDH[DFHUEDomRGRFDSLWDOLVPRHQWmR

QDVFHQWHHDVXEVHTHQWHH[SORUDomRGDVFODVVHVWUDEDOKDGRUDVSRUFRQWD

GDDXVrQFLDGHPDUFRVUHJXODWyULRVSUHFLVRVQDVUHODo}HVGHWUDEDOKR

$ OLEHUGDGH IRUPDO VLPSOHVPHQWH SUHYLVWD HP OHL

SULPHLUR GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO VXUJLGR QD +LVWyULD H UHFRQKHFLGR

WHRULFDPHQWH QmR JDUDQWLD XPD OLEHUGDGH LJXDOLWiULD RX PDWHULDO



 HP

IDFH GD JUDQGH GLVFUHSkQFLD HQWUH DV FRQGLo}HV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV GRV

FDSLWDOLVWDVHDGRVWUDEDOKDGRUHV

&RPHIHLWRSDUD9LHLUDGH$QGUDGH



$ OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO H D FRQFRUUrQFLD HFRQ{PLFD QmR

WLQKDPFRQGX]LGRDRPHOKRUGRVPXQGRVPDVDXPPXQGR

GH LQMXVWLoDV IODJUDQWHV ± GHVLJQDGDPHQWH D OLEHUGDGH

FRQWUDWXDO HQWUH HPSUHViULRV H WUDEDOKDGRUHV WLYHUD FRPR

UHVXOWDGRXPDH[SORUDomRVRFLDOLQIUHQHTXHUHGX]LXPDVVDV

KXPDQDV D XP QtYHO GHJUDGDQWH GD VXD GLJQLGDGH H DEULX

XPD ³TXHVWmR VRFLDO´ HP WHUPRV GH DIHFWDU D SUySULD

VHJXUDQoDEXUJXHVD





3RULVVRFUHGLWDVHDR6RFLDOLVPRRIXQGDPHQWRWHyULFR

GR UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV HFRQ{PLFRV H VRFLDLV SDUD DV FODVVHV

WUDEDOKDGRUDV HP FRQWUDSRVLomR DR FUHVFLPHQWR H[RUELWDQWH GR

FDSLWDOLVPR QD VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR 6pFXOR ;,;



 $VVLP R DGYHQWR GD

LQGXVWULDOL]DomR H GDV VXDV FRQVHTrQFLDV VRFLDLV ± H[SORUDomR GR

WUDEDOKDGRU GHVHPSUHJR IRPH GRHQoDV HWF  IRUDP R SDQR GH IXQGR

SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR VRFLDOLVPR D GDV PXGDQoDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV

Para Martínez, a igualdade é um complemento da liberdade, na medida em que os seres humanos necessitam

de um mínimo de condições materiais para serem realmente iguais: “si la liberdad no es igualitaria no es

liberdade.”. Cf. MARTINEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson,

2004, p. 36.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 58.

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 54.

H[LJLGDVDSDUWLUGHHQWmRUHYHODGRUDVGRVFKDPDGRVGLUHLWRVHFRQ{PLFRV

HVRFLDLV(R0DQLIHVWR&RPXQLVWDGHGH0DU[H(QJHOVVHULDFRPR

R TXH D ³FDUWD GHVWHV QRYRV GLUHLWRV´ RV TXDLV HYLGHQWHPHQWH IRUDP

LQFRUSRUDGRV QD &RQVWLWXLomR 6RYLpWLFD SRVWHULRU j 5HYROXomR GH 

EHP FRPR HQVHMDUDP R HVStULWR PHQRV LQGLYLGXDOLVWD GDV SULPHLUDV

FRQVWLWXLo}HV³VRFLDLV´D&RQVWLWXLomRPH[LFDQDGHHD&RQVWLWXLomR

DOHPmGH:HLPDUHVWDGH





3RU RXWUR ODGR R³SHQVDPHQWR VRFLDOFULVWmR´ WDPEpP

WHYHLPSRUWkQFLDQDVXSHUDomRGROLEHUDOLVPRUDGLFDOSHODUHDILUPDomRGD

VROLGDULHGDGH VRFLDO



 ,PSRUWDQWH UHJLVWUDU DLQGD TXH D PHQVDJHP

FULVWm WDPEpP WHYH LQIOXrQFLD QR VXUJLPHQWR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV SHOR

PHQRV GHVGH D 5HYROXomR )UDQFHVD WHQGR HP YLVWD RV VHXV LGHDLV GH

LJXDOGDGH HQWUH RV KRPHQV TXH FHUWDPHQWH LQVSLUDUDP R PRYLPHQWR

UHYROXFLRQiULRDLQGDTXHWDOSRVVDSDUHFHUSDUDGR[DOWHQGRHPYLVWDTXH

D5HYROXomRWDPEpPDWLQJLXRVSULYLOpJLRVGR&OHUR





$ FRQVROLGDomR GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV UHVWD LQWHUURPSLGD

HQWUHWDQWR SHOD DVFHQVmR GH +LWOHU DR SRGHU QD $OHPDQKD H D

FRQVHTHQWH PLOLWDUL]DomR GD (XURSD GD TXDO GHFRUUHX D  *UDQGH

*XHUUD LPSHGLQGR D GLVVHPLQDomR GRV LGHDLV LJXDOLWiULRV GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV H GD SUySULD LGpLD GH GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD RV TXDLV WLYHUDP TXH

DJXDUGDUDSDFLILFDomRPXQGLDODSyVRDQRGH

&RP D SD] PXQGLDO R IHQ{PHQR GD FRQVROLGDomR GRV

LGHDLV GHPRFUiWLFRV H GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV p UHYLWDOL]DGR QRWDGDPHQWH

QD (XURSD 2FLGHQWDO VHQGR FRQVLGHUDGR SRU DOJXQV XPD GHFRUUrQFLD

GLUHWD H EHQpILFD GD FRQIODJUDomR PXQGLDO SRLV DSyV HVVH HYHQWR QDV

GHPRFUDFLDV RFLGHQWDLV GHVHQYROYLGDV ³GHVHQYROYHUDPVH HFRQRPLDV

Cf. LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 38-

39, e COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. Op. cit. p. 54.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 104.

Para uma demonstração da influência do pensamento cristão na Revolução Francesa, Cf. FERRY, Luc.

Aprender a viver: filosofia para os novos tempos. Objetiva: Rio de Janeiro, 2007, p. 93-94.

PLVWDV QDV TXDLV SHUPLWLUDPVH D FRQVWUXomR DPSOD GH GLUHLWRV FLYLV H

SHODSULPHLUDYH]XPDUHDOL]DomRHIHWLYDGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVEiVLFRV´





( WDO FRQVROLGDomR p SOHQDPHQWH GHPRQVWUDGD SHOD

HYROXomR GR 'LUHLWR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO TXH DWLQJH R PDUFR LQLFLDO VLPEyOLFR

SHOD DSURYDomR GD 'HFODUDomR 8QLYHUVDO GRV 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV SHOD

$VVHPEOpLD *HUDO GD 2UJDQL]DomR GDV 1Do}HV 8QLGDV  218 HP  GH

GH]HPEURGH



H[DWDPHQWHQRPRPHQWRHPTXHDKXPDQLGDGHYLX

VHFRQIURQWDGDFRPRVKRUURUHVGD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDO'XUDQWHHVVD

IDVHKLVWyULFD³VHVHQWLXGHPRGRSDUWLFXODUPHQWHLQWHQVRDQHFHVVLGDGH

GH FULDU DR QtYHO GD FRPXQLGDGH LQWHUQDFLRQDO PHFDQLVPRV MXUtGLFRV

FDSD]HV GH SURWHJHURV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GRV FLGDGmRVQRV GLYHUVRV

(VWDGRV´



&RPHIHLWRSDUD)OiYLD3LRYHVDQ



&RQWXGRDYHUGDGHLUDFRQVROLGDomRGR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDO

GRV 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV VXUJH HP PHDGRV GR VpFXOR ;; HP

GHFRUUrQFLD GD 6HJXQGD *XHUUD 0XQGLDO 1DV SDODYUDV GH

7KRPDV %XHUJHQWKDO ³2 PRGHUQR 'LUHLWR ,QWHUQDFLRQDOGRV

'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV p XP IHQ{PHQR GR SyV*XHUUD 6HX

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR SRGH VHU DWULEXtGR jV PRQVWUXRVDV

YLRODo}HVGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVGDHUD+LWOHUjFUHQoDGHTXH

SDUWH GHVVDV YLRODo}HV SRGHULDP VHU SUHYHQLGDV VH XP

HIHWLYR VLVWHPD GH SURWHomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRVH[LVWLVVH´





$'HFODUDomR GH'LUHLWRV +XPDQRVGD 218GH  p

XP PDUFR UHIHUHQFLDO SDUD D ³XQLYHUVDOLGDGH H D LQGLYLVLELOLGDGH GRV

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRV´FDUDFWHUtVWLFDVHVVDVTXHVHH[SUHVVDPFODUDPHQWHQR

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 63.

Um relato preciso sobre o processo de elaboração da Declaração de 1948 e seus reflexos na ordem jurídica

internacional encontra-se em: TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o

Futuro da Proteção Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS,

Cláudia Maria (org.). O Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP,

1999, p. 13-51.

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 25.

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo? Saraiva,

2007, p. 117.

FLWDGR GRFXPHQWR XQLYHUVDO



 3RU RXWUR ODGR D 'HFODUDomR GH 

VHUYLX FRPR EDVH SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR ³VLVWHPD XQLYHUVDO GH

SURWHomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV´ R TXDO FRQWD FRP  VHLV FRQYHQo}HV

SULQFLSDLVHTXHIRUPDPRQ~FOHRHVVHQFLDOGRVLVWHPD



DVTXDLVWDPEpP

WLYHUDP ODUJD LQIOXrQFLD VREUH DV FRQYHQo}HV UHJLRQDLV GH GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV DGRWDGDV HVSHFLDOPHQWH SHOR &RQVHOKR GD (XURSD H SHOD

2UJDQL]DomRGRV(VWDGRV$PHULFDQRV

6REUH D LPSRUWkQFLD GHVWD 'HFODUDomR 8QLYHUVDO

DGRWDGDSHOD2185REHUW$OH[\WDPEpPFRPDSRLRHP%REELRDILUPD



>@ D GHFODUDomR GRV GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP XQLYHUVDO FRPR D

µDWp DJRUD PDLRU SURYD KLVWyULFD SDUD R FRQVHQVXV RPQLXP

JHQWLXP FRP UHVSHLWR D XP VLVWHPD GH YDORUHV

GHWHUPLQDGR¶



2SUHkPEXORH[SULPHLVVRLPSUHVVLRQDQWHPHQWHSHORIDWRGH

GHVLJQDURV GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP µFRPR R LGHDO FRPXPDVHU

REWLGRSRU WRGRV RV SRYRV H QDo}HV¶ &RP LVVR HVWmR GXDV

TXDOLGDGHV IXQGDPHQWDLV GRV GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP GHVGH R

LQtFLR FODUDPHQWH GLDQWH GRV ROKRV RV GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP

VmRXPLGHDOXQLYHUVDO





$ GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD SRU VXD YH] FRQVLVWH QR YDORU

EDVHGDSHUVSHFWLYDGDUHYLWDOL]DomRPRUDOGR'LUHLWRHGR(VWDGRDSyVR

WUiJLFR LQtFLR GR 6pFXOR ;; VHQGR TXH D FRQVROLGDomR GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV QD HVIHUD LQWHUQDFLRQDO IRL QHOD IXQGDGD YROWDQGR R KRPHP

QDWXUDO D VHU R FHQWUR GDV FRQFHSo}HV GDV YLV}HV GH PXQGR )iELR .

&RPSDUDWREHPH[SUHVVDLVVRDRDILUPDU



$RHPHUJLUGD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDODSyVWUrVOXVWURVGH

PDVVDFUHV H DWURFLGDGHV GH WRGD VRUWH LQLFLDGRV FRP R

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 13.

São elas: os dois pactos sobre direitos humanos clássicos e os sociais, adotados em 1966, as convenções contra

a discriminação racial e de proteção das mulheres, e as convenções sobre os direitos da criança e contra a tortura.

Cf. TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 38-39.

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 41.

IRUWDOHFLPHQWR HVWDWDO QRV DQRV  D KXPDQLGDGH

FRPSUHHQGHX PDLV GR TXH HP TXDOTXHU RXWUD pSRFD GD

+LVWyULD R YDORU VXSUHPR GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD 2

VRIULPHQWR VHJXQGD D OLomR OXPLQRVD GD VDEHGRULD JUHJD

YHLRDSURIXQGDUDDILUPDomRKLVWyULFDGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV





5HJLVWUHVHTXHD'HFODUDomR8QLYHUVDOIRLDVVLQDGDSRU

DSHQDV  PHPEURV GD218 j pSRFD GH XP WRWDOGH (VWDGRV HQWmR

LQWHJUDQWHVGDRUJDQL]DomRPDVQmRFRQWRXFRPYRWRFRQWUiULRKDYHQGR

HQWUHWDQWRDOJXPDVDEVWHQo}HV





$ 'HFODUDomR 8QLYHUVDO GD 218 SRU QmR VHU

H[DWDPHQWHXPSDFWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOQmRWHULDHPSULQFtSLRXPYDORUGH

OHL XQLYHUVDO PDV WHPVH HQWHQGLGR TXH HOD RVWHQWD XP YDORU MXUtGLFR

HVSHFLDOTXHGHFRUUHGRVFRVWXPHVHSULQFtSLRVJHUDLVGR'LUHLWRTXHVmR

IRQWHVGR 'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDO H SRULVVR RVVHXV SULQFtSLRVGH GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV EiVLFRV GHYHP VHU DWHQGLGRV SRU WRGRV RV PHPEURV GD

FRPXQLGDGHLQWHUQDFLRQDO





3RU RXWUR ODGR Mi QR ERMR GD 'HFODUDomR GH 

FRQVWDYDP RV FKDPDGRV ³GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HFRQ{PLFRV H FXOWXUDLV´





DQWHFLSDQGR R UXPR SROtWLFR VHJXLGR SRU SDUWH GD FRPXQLGDGH

LQWHUQDFLRQDOFRPRSRUH[HPSORSHODVGHPRFUDFLDVGD(XURSDRFLGHQWDO

RQGH FODUDPHQWH HVWDEHOHFHXVH QDV GpFDGDV VHJXLQWHV DR ILQDO GD 

*XHUUDXPPRGHORGH(VWDGR6RFLDOIRUWHPHQWHLQWHUYHQWRU

3DUD&DQoDGR 7ULQGDGHSRUWDQWR RVGLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

WHULDP XPD ³FRQFHSomR QHFHVVDULDPHQWH LQWHJUDO RX KROtVWLFD´ QmR

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 56-57.

Ibidem, Trindade, p. 16.

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 227; TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 22.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. Op. cit., p. 16.

Cf. os artigos XXII a XXVII da Declaração, que se referem a vários direitos trabalhistas, ao direito à saúde, à

seguridade social, à educação e à cultura, entre outros. TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da

Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto;

PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do

Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 13.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. Op. cit., p. 17.

ID]HQGR VHQWLGR QR SODQR LQWHUQDFLRQDO D VHSDUDomR LGHROyJLFD GH

GLYHUVDV³FDWHJRULDVGHGLUHLWRV´



FRPRTXHGHYHVHFRQFRUGDUSRLVDV

GLYHUVDV FDWHJRULDV JHUDo}HV RX GLPHQV}HV GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV ± GRV

OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV DRV VRFLDLV SDVVDQGR SHORV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV ± QmR VH

VXEVWLWXHP XPD SHOD RXWUD PDV DPROGDPVH FRQMXQWDPHQWH H

VXFHVVLYDPHQWHWUD]HQGRFDGDXPDQRYDJHUDomRQRYRVHOHPHQWRVSDUD

DGLPHQVmRGLWD³DQWHULRU´

$ LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV WDPEpP

HVWHYH DFRPSDQKDGD GH QRYRV SDUDGLJPDV MXUtGLFRV WDPEpP UHYHODGRV

QRV SODQRV MXUtGLFRV LQWHUQRV FRPR R DIDVWDPHQWR GR SRVLWLYLVPR D

UHDSUR[LPDomR GR GLUHLWR FRP D pWLFD R UHVVXUJLPHQWR IRUWDOHFLGR GD

PRUDOLGDGH S~EOLFD FRPR YHWRU GR GLUHLWR GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD GR

FRVPRSROLWLVPR HWF



 ( HVWH IHQ{PHQR WHYH UHSHUFXVVmR QR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR GRV SDtVHV GHPRFUiWLFRV SHOD ³DEHUWXUD GDV

&RQVWLWXLo}HVjIRUoDQRUPDWLYDGRVSULQFtSLRVFRPrQIDVHQRSULQFtSLRGD

GLJQLGDGHKXPDQD´





3DUD$QW{QLR$&DQoDGR7ULQGDGH GHXVH D³DEHUWXUD

GR 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO FRQWHPSRUkQHR DRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

LQWHUQDFLRQDLV´ LQFOXVLYH SHOD DGRomR HP FRQFUHWR QDV &DUWDV

&RQVWLWXFLRQDLV QDFLRQDLV GH DOJXQV SDtVHV H QRV VHXV WULEXQDLV LQWHUQRV

GRVSULQFtSLRVDGRWDGRVSHOD'HFODUDomRGD218WXGRYLVDQGRjDSOLFDomR

³GDQRUPDIDYRUiYHOjVVXSRVWDVYtWLPDV´





$VVLPDSHQDVDSDUWLUGRWpUPLQRGD6HJXQGD*XHUUD

0XQGLDO p TXH VH SRGH UHFRQKHFHU HIHWLYDPHQWH R IHQ{PHQR GD

LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV HP GHFRUUrQFLD GR SUySULR

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 18.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. Op. cit., p. 16.

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

2007, p. 28-29, para quem há um “reencontro com o pensamento kantiano”.

Ibidem, p. 31.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 25-26.

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. Op. cit., p. 16.

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GD 218 FRPR yUJmR VXSUDQDFLRQDO GH UHJXODomR GD

VRFLHGDGHLQWHUQDFLRQDO

'HIDWRD'HFODUDomRGH'LUHLWRVGHpXPPDUFR

QRSURFHVVRGHLQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomRVHQGRTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWHGH]HQDVGH

QRYDV GHFODUDo}HV GH GLUHLWRV IRUDP HGLWDGDV



 QmR Vy JDUDQWLQGR RV

GLUHLWRV GH OLEHUGDGH FOiVVLFRV FLYLV H SROtWLFRV PDV WDPEpP SUHYHQGR

GLUHLWRV HFRQ{PLFRV FXOWXUDLV H VRFLDLV FRPR SUpUHTXLVLWRV SDUD R

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGHKXPDQDQHFHVViULRSDUDRSOHQRJR]R

GDTXHOHVGLUHLWRVFOiVVLFRV$WXDOPHQWHFRQVLGHUDVHDWp³LPSRVVtYHOXPD

LGHQWLILFDomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV VHP FRQVLGHUDU VXD GLPHQVmR

LQWHUQDFLRQDO´





(FRPRYLVWRDQWHVRSURFHVVRGHLQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR

GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV FDPLQKRX SDUDOHODPHQWH DR UHYLJRUDPHQWR GD

PRUDOLGDGH QR 'LUHLWR LQWHUQR GH FDGD SDtV HVSHFLDOPHQWH SHOR

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRQDVFRQVWLWXLo}HVGHPRFUiWLFDVGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

GRWDGRVGHDOWRYDORUpWLFRIXQGDGRVQDUD]mRHWDPEpPGHFRUUHQWHVGD

HYROXomRKLVWyULFD

$VVLP FRPR QDV FRQVWLWXLo}HV ORFDLV D IRUoD GRV

SULQFtSLRV MXUtGLFRV IRL HOHYDGD H[SRQHQFLDOPHQWH D SDUWLU GD VHJXQGD

PHWDGHGR6pFXOR;;³HPYLUWXGHGRPRYLPHQWRGR3yV3RVLWLYLVPRRV

SULQFtSLRV JHUDLV GH GLUHLWR SDVVDP D JDQKDU FDGD YH] PDLRU UHOHYkQFLD

FRPRIRQWHGR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOQDRUGHPFRQWHPSRUkQHD´





3DUD *RPHV &DQRWLOKR FDEH DWp IDODU QXP

³FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR JOREDO´ TXH LQIOXHQFLD FODUDPHQWH D UHODomR HQWUH R

GLUHLWR LQWHUQR H R H[WHUQR QRWDGDPHQWH SHOD VXSHUYDORUL]DomR GRV

GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV RV TXDLV FDGD YH] PDLV VH WRUQDP FRJHQWHV SDUD D

FRPXQLGDGHLQWHUQDFLRQDO1DVVXDVSDODYUDV

100

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. Op. cit. p. 56-58.

101

Para Peces-Barba Martínez, existem quatro grandes linhas de compreensão histórica e racional dos direitos

fundamentais: a positivação, a generalização (expansão da tipologia dos direitos), internacionalização e

especificação. Cf. MARTÍNEZ, Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri:

Dykinson, 2004, p. 115.

102

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

2007, p. 43. Cf., ainda, ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa

de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 31.



&RPHIHLWRDVUHODo}HVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVGHYHPVHUFDGDPDLV

YH] UHODo}HV UHJXODGDV HP WHUPRV GH GLUHLWRV H GH MXVWLoD

FRQYHUWHQGR R GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO QXPD YHUGDGHLUD RUGHP

LPSHUDWLYDjTXDOQmRIDOWDXPQ~FOHRPDWHULDOGXUR±RMXV

FRJHQV LQWHUQDFLRQDO ± YHUWHEUDGRU TXHU GD ³SROtWLFD H

UHODo}HV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV´ TXHU GD SUySULD FRQVWUXomR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLQWHUQD





(HPVHJXLGDRHPLQHQWHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDSRUWXJXrV

UHDOoDRSDSHOGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVQDILORVRILDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOPRGHUQDH

VHXUHIOH[RLQWHUQDFLRQDODGX]LQGRTXH



>@ R GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO WHQGH D WUDQVIRUPDUVH HP

VXSRUWH GDV UHODo}HV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV DWUDYpV GD SURJUHVVLYD

HOHYDomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV >@ D SDGUmR MXUtGLFR GH

FRQGXWDSROtWLFDLQWHUQDHH[WHUQD(VWDV~OWLPDVSUHPLVVDV

± R MXV FRJHQV H RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV  DUWLFXODGRV FRP R

SDSHO GD RUJDQL]DomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO IRUQHFHUmR XP

HQTXDGUDPHQWRUD]RiYHOSDUDRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRJOREDO





$VVLP R GLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO LQWHUQR HVWDULD DEHUWRD

XP ³VWDQGDUG PtQLPR KXPDQLWiULR´ LQWHJUDQWH GH XP VLVWHPD MXUtGLFR

LQWHUQDFLRQDO GH GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV LQFOXVLYH OLPLWDGRU GD LGpLD GH

VREHUDQLD HVWDWDO H FRP SUHWHQV}HV GH SULQFtSLR LQIRUPDGRU GD RUGHP

MXUtGLFDLQWHUQD





$ VREHUDQLD HVWDWDO GHYH FRPSDWLELOL]DGD FRP R GHYHU

GH FXPSULPHQWR GDV QRUPDV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV DGRWDGDV SHOR (VWDGR QDV

QHJRFLDo}HV PXQGLDLV H UHJLRQDLV HQWUH HVWDGRV VREHUDQRV SRLV H[LVWH

XPD REULJDomR JHUDO ³GH DGHTXDU R RUGHQDPHQWR MXUtGLFR LQWHUQR j

QRUPDWLYDLQWHUQDFLRQDOGHSURWHomR´GRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVVHQGRTXHWDO

REULJDomRLQWHUHVVDGLUHWDPHQWHDWRGRVRVSRGHUHVHVWDWDLVLQFOXVLYHDR

3RGHU -XGLFLiULR



 3RGHVH PHVPR UHIHULU DR IHQ{PHQR DLQGD LQFLSLHQWH

103

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional. 6. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 1999, p. 1276.

104

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Op. cit., p. 1276.

105

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Op. cit., p. 1278.

106

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 33.

GD ³FRQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomR GR GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO´ FRPR QD (XURSD DWXDO

TXH EXVFD D HODERUDomR GH XPD &RQVWLWXLomR UHJLRQDO DLQGD TXH WDLV

LGHDLVDWXDOPHQWHVHMDTXDOLILFDGRVGHXWySLFRV





1HVVHVHQWLGRRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVUHFRQKHFLGRVSHORV

(VWDGRVQRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVGHYHULDPJR]DUGHSULPD]LDIUHQWHDR

GLUHLWRLQWHUQRHDSOLFDGRVSHODVFRUWHVGH-XVWLoDLQWHUQDVHVSHFLDOPHQWH

SRUTXH D WHRULD GXDOLVWD ± TXH SUHYr D VHSDUDomR UtJLGD HQWUH R GLUHLWR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQR±HVWiIXQGDGDHPSUHPLVVDVVXSHUDGDV

2TXHGHYHH[LVWLUpXPD³LQWHUDomRGLQkPLFDHQWUHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO

HRGLUHLWRLQWHUQR´VHQGRTXHDVQRUPDVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVMiFRQVDJUDPR

³FULWpULRGH SULPD]LDGD QRUPDPDLVIDYRUiYHO DRVVHUHVKXPDQRV´VHMD

HODGHGLUHLWRLQWHUQRRXLQWHUQDFLRQDO





3DUD 0DUWtQH] SRU VXD YH] R GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO

FRQWHPSRUkQHRFRQIHUH³PDLRULPSRUWkQFLDDRVHUKXPDQR´DRFRQWUiULR

GR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOFOiVVLFRVHQGRTXHR³SURFHVVRGHKXPDQL]DomR´

RFDVLRQD XPD HURVmR GD VREHUDQLD HVWDWDO



 7DO KXPDQL]DomR HVWi QR

VHLR GD FRQVROLGDomR GD LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR PRPHQWR HP TXH Ki ³XP UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GD

VXEMHWLYLGDGH MXUtGLFD GR LQGLYtGXR SHOR 'LUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO´ TXH p R

~QLFR PHLR SDUD R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

1HVVHPHVPRVHQWLGROHFLRQD3HUH]/XxR



eQHFHVViULRSDUDWDQWRSDUWLUGDSUHPLVVDGHTXHTXDOTXHU

DWHQWDGR FRQWUD RV GLUHLWRV H OLEHUGDGHV GD SHVVRD QmR p

XPDTXHVWmRGRPpVWLFDGRV(VWDGRVVHQmRXPSUREOHPDGH

UHOHYkQFLDXQLYHUVDO





( FRQHFWDGD DR SURFHVVR GH LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR GRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV pD WHQGrQFLDSHOR PHQRVQRkPELWR HXURSHXGH

107

HABERLE. Peter. Novos horizontes e desafios do constitucionalismo. Revista de Direito do Estado. Rio de

Janeiro, ano 2, n. 6, p. 67-86, abr./jun./2007, p. 78-79.

108

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 44.

109

MARTÍNEZ, Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 118.

110

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 41.

WUDQVIRUPDomRGRLQGLYtGXRFRPRVXMHLWRGR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDO



FRP

RUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHFDSDFLGDGHSRVWXODWyULDSHUDQWHFRUWHVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV

GHWXWHODGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

'H IDWR VHJXQGR R 3URWRFROR Q  j &RQYHQomR

(XURSpLDGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVFRPDH[WLQomRGD&RPLVVmR(XURSpLDGRV

'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP



 RV SDUWLFXODUHV SDVVDUDP D WHU OHJLWLPLGDGH SDUD

DSUHVHQWDU SHWLo}HV LQGLYLGXDLV GLUHWDPHQWH MXQWR j &RUWH (XURSpLD GH

'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP DOHJDQGR YLRODomR GD &RQYHQomR SRU DOJXP GRV

(VWDGRVSDUWHVGR&RQVHOKRGD(XURSD





$LPSRUWkQFLDGHVWDVXEMHWLYDomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

QDVHDUDGR'LUHLWR(XURSHXIRLGHVWDFDGDSRU1RUEHUWR%REELRFRPRXP

YHUGDGHLUR DYDQoR QR VLVWHPD GH SURWHomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV(PVXDVSDODYUDV



&RPR VH VDEH HVVH WLSR GH JDUDQWLD IRL SUHYLVWD SHOD

&RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP ILUPDGD HP

5RPDHPGHQRYHPEURGHHTXH HQWURXHPYLJRU

HP  GH VHWHPEUR GH  DWUDYpV GR SURFHGLPHQWR ±

VDXGDGR FRPR SURIXQGDPHQWH LQRYDGRU ± GDV GHPDQGDV

LQGLYLGXDLVj&RPLVVmR(XURSpLDGRV'LUHLWRVGR+RPHPFI

DUWeXPDLQRYDomRTXHUHSUHVHQWDDWpDJRUDDSHQDV

XPD SRQWD DYDQoDGD QR VLVWHPD DWXDO GD SURWHomR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHP





-iSDUD&DQoDGR7ULQGDGHSRGHVHIDODUQXPDJUDQGH

FRQTXLVWD D OHJLWLPLGDGH DWLYD GR LQGLYtGXR SHUDQWH DV FRUWHV

LQWHUQDFLRQDLVGH-XVWLoD



111

MARTÍNEZ, Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 119.

112

A Comissão Européia dos Direitos do Homem era uma espécie de órgão investigativo, quase-judicial ou

similar ao Ministério Público, que recebia queixas contra Estados-partes para verificar a viabilidade e, se fosse o

caso, para encaminhamento à Corte Européia de Direitos Humanos. Cf. RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo

Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise dos sistemas de apuração de violações de direitos humanos e a

implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2002, p. 188-189.

113

Registre-se que ainda permanece, como requisito de admissibilidade, o esgotamento da jurisdição interna do

Estado. Cf. RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise dos sistemas de

apuração de violações de direitos humanos e a implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar,

2002, p. 186/187.

114

BOBBIO, Norberto. A Era dos Direitos. Campus: Rio de Janeiro, 1996, p. 40.

8PD GDV JUDQGHV FRQTXLVWDV GD SURWHomR LQWHUQDFLRQDO GRV

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHPSHUVSHFWLYDKLVWyULFDpVHPG~YLGDR

DFHVVR GRV LQGLYtGXRV jV LQVWkQFLDV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV GH

SURWHomR H R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH VXD FDSDFLGDGH

LQWHUQDFLRQDOHPFDVRVGHYLRODo}HVGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV





7RGDYLD HVWH VLVWHPD GH DFHVVR GLUHWR GR LQGLYtGXR

OHVDGRjVFRUWHVVXSUDQDFLRQDLVGH-XVWLoDQmRIRLLPSOHPHQWDGRGHIRUPD

DEUDQJHQWHHPWRGDVDVFRPXQLGDGHVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV$ULJRUWDOVRPHQWH

RFRUUHDWXDOPHQWHQRVLVWHPDHXURSHXGHSURWHomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

FRPR YLVWR DFLPD WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH D &RUWH (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV

+XPDQRV SRGH MXOJDU SHGLGRV LQGLYLGXDLV GHGX]LGRV FRQWUD YLRODo}HV GH

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

2 VLVWHPD LQWHUDPHULFDQR GH SURWHomR GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRVFRQWHPSODXPDFRUWHGHMXVWLoDLQWHUQDFLRQDODFKDPDGD&RUWH

,QWHUDPHULFDQDGH'LUHLWRVGR+RPHPPDVTXHRSHUDQXPDVLVWHPiWLFD

TXH QmR SHUPLWH R DFHVVR GLUHWR GRV LQGLYtGXRV SRLV DV TXHL[DV VmR

DSUHVHQWDGDV SRU XP yUJmR GR SUySULR VLVWHPD D &RPLVVmR

,QWHUDPHULFDQDGRV'LUHLWRV+XPDQRV

'H WRGR PRGR RV H[HPSORV HXURSHXV H

LQWHUDPHULFDQRVPRVWUDPRDYDQoRGRVVLVWHPDVGHSURWHomRUHJLRQDLVGH

'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVQRWDGDPHQWHTXDQWRjH[LVWrQFLDGHFRUWHVGHMXVWLoD

QRVUHVSHFWLYRV kPELWRVR TXHDLQGDQmR pVXILFLHQWHSDUD D QHFHVViULD

³MXULVGLFLRQDOL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV´





1HVVH FRQWH[WR GH H[SDQVmR H GH PDLRU LPSRUWkQFLD

SUiWLFDVXUJLUDPDLQGDHSRVWHULRUPHQWHj'HFODUDomRGD218GH

RV3DFWRV,QWHUQDFLRQDLVVREUHRV'LUHLWRV(FRQ{PLFRV6RFLDLVH&XOWXUDLV

HVREUHRV'LUHLWRV&LYLVH3ROtWLFRVDPERVDGRWDGRVHPHHPYLJRU

GHVGH  DOpP GH RXWUDV FRQYHQo}HV VREUH GLUHLWRV UHODFLRQDGRV

FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R GH LJXDOGDGH UDFLDO D DEROLomR GD WRUWXUD D

115

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 41.

116

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 43.

LJXDOGDGHGDVPXOKHUHVH D SURWHomR GDVFULDQoDV



RTXHPRVWUDXPD

JHQHUDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV QR VHQWLGR GH XPD PDLRU H[SDQVmR

GDV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV WLGDV FRPR IXQGDPHQWDLV QRWDGDPHQWH QR

VHQWLGRGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHGHLJXDOGDGH

3RU RXWUR ODGR DV GXDV FRQIHUrQFLDV VREUH GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV UHDOL]DGDV HP  H HP  HP 7HHUm H HP 9LHQD

UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH LQGLFDP D H[LVWrQFLD GH ³XP SURFHVVR SURORQJDGR GH

FRQVWUXomR GH XPD FXOWXUD XQLYHUVDO GH REVHUYkQFLD GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV´





$OpP GRV 3DFWRV ,QWHUQDFLRQDLV GH FDUiWHU PXQGLDO

WDPEpP IUXWLILFDUDP DV FRQYHQo}HV UHJLRQDLV GH SDtVHV HVSHFLDOPHQWH

QRVkPELWRVDPHULFDQRHHXURSHXPDVWDPEpPQDÈIULFD2ULHQWH0pGLR

HÈVLD





1R kPELWR GR GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO HXURSHX YDOH

UHJLVWUDUDSURSyVLWRTXHRVSDtVHVHXURSHXVDOpPGHLQWHJUDUHPD218

HP VXD PDLRULD WDPEpP ID]HP SDUWH GH XPD FRPXQLGDGH UHJLRQDO GH

QDo}HVR&RQVHOKRGD(XURSD



1RkPELWRHXURSHXRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

VmR UHJXODGRV SUHFLSXDPHQWH SHOD &RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV

+XPDQRV



 GDWDGD GH  H TXH HQWURX HP YLJRU HP  VHQGR

SRVWHULRUPHQWHDGLWDGDSRUSURWRFRORVDGLFLRQDLV





117

Sobre o tema, conferir o relato de: ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição

Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 26-29.

118

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 32.

119

Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 28-29.

120

O Conselho da Europa é uma organização política supranacional – que não se confunde com a União

Européia: esta é uma comunidade menor, com mais enfoque na integração econômica – formada por 47 países

europeus, à semelhança da OEA – Organização dos Estados Americanos em relação aos países das Américas.

Ele tem sede em Strasbourg, na França, e foi criada pela Convenção Européia dos Direitos do Homem, tendo

como enfoque maior a defesa dos direitos humanos. Maiores informações no sítio http://www.coe.int.

121

O nome oficial da convenção é inglês é: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental

Freedoms.

122

Cf. RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise dos sistemas de

apuração de violações de direitos humanos e a implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar,

2002, p. 185-186. Após a edição dessa obra, mais três protocolos foram firmado, segundo consta do sítio oficial

do Conselho da Europa:

<http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeTraites.asp?MA=3&CM=7&CL=ENG>.

$&RQYHQomR(XURSpLDGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVWDPEpPVH

HVSHOKD QRV LGHDLV XQLYHUVDLV GH GHIHVD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV DGRWDGRV

SHOD'HFODUDomR8QLYHUVDOGRV'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVGD218GHFRPR

VH QRWD FODUDPHQWH GR SULPHLUR FRQVLGHUDQGR GR WH[WR HXURSHX TXH ID]

UHIHUrQFLDH[SUHVVDj'HFODUDomRGH'LUHLWRVGD218

+i FRPR VH Yr XPD WHQGrQFLD j XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV

GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV FRPR PRVWUDP RV GLYHUVRV SDFWRV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV TXH

SURFXUDUDP UHVJXDUGDU D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD HP VHXV GLYHUVRV QtYHLV

LQFOXVLYHQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDRVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVGHFXQKRVRFLDOH

HFRQ{PLFR $ ³XQLYHUVDOLGDGH´ GRV GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP p XPD GDV VXDV

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV EiVLFDV DR ODGR GH RXWUDV FRPR D ³PRUDOLGDGH´ H D

³IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH´FRPREHPDQRWD5REHUW$OH[\





$WXDOPHQWH QD YLVmR GH 9LHLUD GH $QGUDGH Ki

SHUVSHFWLYDV SRVLWLYDV SDUD D XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

TXHGHYHPVHUWUDWDGRVJOREDOPHQWH



$ OXWD SHORV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV PDQLIHVWDVH KRMH PDLV

YLVLYHOPHQWH QXP SODQR LQWHUQDFLRQDO RX JOREDO QmR Vy DR

QtYHOSURFODPDWyULRGDVJUDQGHVGHFODUDo}HVHFRQYHQo}HV±

TXHVHSURFXUDHVWHQGHUDRVSDtVHViUDEHVHRFLGHQWDLVEHP

FRPRDRVSDtVHVGHWHUFHLURPXQGR>@





eFHUWRTXHR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDODLQGDFDUHFHGHXP

SRGHU SROtWLFR VXSUDQDFLRQDO TXH WHQKD FRQGLo}HV GH FRQIHULU HILFiFLD jV

QRUPDV MXUtGLFDV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV Mi H[LVWHQWHV SRLV DWXDOPHQWH HODV VmR

DSOLFDGDV HP FDGD (VWDGR GH IRUPD ³GHVFHQWUDOL]DGD SOXUDO H PXLWR

KHWHURJrQHD´ R TXH GLILFXOWDU R FRQWUROH GR FXPSULPHQWR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV





2 UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GD XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRVHQWUHWDQWR GHYHRFRUUHU IRUPDFXLGDGRVD HPDOHiYHO HP IDFH

123

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 94-95.

124

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os direitos fundamentais no Século XXI. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de.

Os Direitos Fundamentais no Século XXI. Disponível em: < http://www.georgelima.xpg.com.br/andrade.pdf>.

Acesso em: 26/10/2007.

125

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 118.

GD JUDQGH GLYHUVLGDGH FXOWXUDO GRV SRYRV GR PXQGR TXH WDPEpP GHYH

VHUUHVSHLWDGD&RPHIHLWRDVVHYHUD)UHGHULFR:/DFHUGD'DQWDV



$VVLPQD EDOL]DGD OLomR GH $ $ &DQoDGR 75,1'$'(XPD

YH] H[DPLQDQGRVH D XQLYHUVDOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

HPSHUVSHFWLYDDGHTXDGDQmRVHYHULILFDIXQGDPHQWRSDUDD

FUtWLFDUHODWLYLVWDeLPSRUWDQWHSRUpPHQYLGDU HVIRUoRVQR

VHQWLGR GH EXVFDU XP FRQVHQVR PtQLPR HQWUH DV GLYHUVDV

FXOWXUDV TXH SRGHUi VHU DPSOLDGR PHGLDQWH XP FURVV

FXOWXUDO GLDORJXH HQULTXHFLGR SHOD OHJLWLPLGDGH FXOWXUDO

XQLYHUVDOGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

126



3RUVXDYH]-UJHQ+DEHUPDVUHFRQKHFHDGLILFXOGDGH

GD UHDOL]DomR XQLYHUVDO GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV DSHVDU GH UHFRQKHFHU TXH

³RVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVRIHUHFHPR~QLFRIXQGDPHQWRGHOHJLWLPDomRGHQWUH

WRGRV RV UHFRQKHFLGRV SDUD D SROtWLFD GD FRPXQLGDGH GRV SRYRV TXDVH

WRGRVRV(VWDGRVDGRWDUDPRWHRUGDFDUWDGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVGD218

>@´





7RGDYLDSHUVLVWH DFUtWLFD GHTXH RVGLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

VmRIRUWHPHQWHHQUDL]DGRVQDVWUDGLo}HVHXURSpLDVHSRGHPVHUYLUFRPR

GLVIDUFHSDUDDGRPLQDomRGRRULHQWHSHORRFLGHQWHFRPRQRVGiQRWtFLD

+DEHUPDV



1RHQWDQWRDYDOLGDGHXQLYHUVDORFRQWH~GRHDSUHFHGrQFLD

GRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVSHUPDQHFHPFRQWURYHUVRV2GLVFXUVR

DFHUFD GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV EDVHDGRV HP DUJXPHQWRV

QRUPDWLYRVpLQFOXVLYHDFRPSDQKDGRGDG~YLGDIXQGDPHQWDO

VHDFDVRDIRUPDGHOHJLWLPDomRSROtWLFDQDVFLGDQR2FLGHQWH

VHULD GH XP PRGR JHUDO DFHLWD VRE DV SUHPLVVDV GH RXWUDV

FXOWXUDV 'HPRGR UDGLFDO LQWHOHFWXDLV RFLGHQWDLVGHIHQGHP

PHVPR D DILUPDomR VHJXQGR D TXDO SRU GHWUiV GD

UHLYLQGLFDomR GH YDOLGDGH *OWLJNHLW XQLYHUVDO GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV HVFRQGHVH DSHQDV XPD SpUILGD UHLYLQGLFDomR GH

SRGHU0DFKWGR2FLGHQWH





126

DANTAS, Frederico Wildson Lacerda. Universalismo versus relativismo cultural: a afirmação universal dos

direitos humanos no âmbito do Direito Constitucional Internacional. Revista da Escola da Magistratura Federal

da 5ª Região, n. 14, p. 136, mar. 2007.

127

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 150-151.

128

Ibidem, p. 151.

(QWUHWDQWR WDLV FUtWLFDV GHYHP VHU UHMHLWDGDV SRLV R

SUREOHPD GHYH VHU SHQVDGR JOREDOPHQWH FRPR HIHWLYDPHQWH WHP

RFRUULGRGHIRUPDTXHKiXPDSHUFHSomRRWLPLVWDQRVHQWLGRGHTXHRV

GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP QmR VHULDP ³VRPHQWH H[SUHVVmR GH WUDGLo}HV

HVSHFLILFDPHQWHHXURSpLDV´DLQGDPDLVWHQGRHPYLVWDTXHDJOREDOL]DomR

HFRQ{PLFD p IHQ{PHQR WDPEpP GH QtYHO PXQGLDO H DVVLP D LPSRVLomR

JOREDOGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHPFRQVWLWXLVHX³HTXLYDOHQWHLUUHQXQFLiYHO´





2XWUD TXHVWmR TXH PHUHFH GHVWDTXH p R FRQFHLWR GH

LQGLYLVLELOLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVLVWRpDFRQVLGHUDomRGHTXHH[LVWH

XPD LQWHUUHODomR HQWUH DV GLYHUVDV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV RV GLUHLWRV

OLEHUDLVRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRVHRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

'H IDWR SDUD D UHDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV FOiVVLFRV GH

OLEHUGDGH EHP FRPR SDUD RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR QD YLGD

SROtWLFD GH FDGD (VWDGR QDFLRQDO p LQGLVSHQViYHO TXH RV VHUHV KXPDQRV

RVWHQWHP FRQGLo}HV PDWHULDLV PtQLPDV SDUD D PDQXWHQomR H OLYUH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGH7DOFDUDFWHUtVWLFDGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRV

UHIOHWH ³WHVH TXH GHVIUXWD GH DFHLWDomR XQLYHUVDO´ VHQGR VHQVtYHO D

SUHRFXSDomRGDFRPXQLGDGHLQWHUQDFLRQDOHPFRQIHULUPDLRUDWHQomR³jV

SHVVRDV GLVFULPLQDGDV RX GHVIDYRUHFLGDV DRV JUXSRV YXOQHUiYHLV DRV

SREUHVHDRVVRFLDOPHQWHH[FOXtGRVHPVXPDDRVPDLVQHFHVVLWDGRVGH

SURWHomR´





(QRWDQJHHVSHFLILFDPHQWHjUHODomRHQWUHRVGLUHLWRV

OLEHUDLVHSROtWLFRVWDPEpPVHYLVOXPEUDDLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDPHQFLRQDGD

FRPREHPDWHVWD+DEHUPDV



'HVVHPRGRDVDXWRQRPLDVSULYDGDVHSXEOLFDSUHVVXS}HP

VH UHFLSURFDPHQWH 2 QH[R LQWHUQR GD GHPRFUDFLD FRP R

(VWDGRGH 'LUHLWRFRQVLVWH QR IDWR GH TXH SRU XP ODGR RV

FLGDGmRV Vy SRGHUmR XWLOL]DU FRQGL]HQWHPHQWH D VXD

DXWRQRPLD S~EOLFD VH IRUHP VXILFLHQWHPHQWH LQGHSHQGHQWHV

JUDoDV D XPD DXWRQRPLD SULYDGD DVVHJXUDGD GH PRGR

129

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 104.

130

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 29.

LJXDOLWiULR 3RU RXWUR ODGR Vy SRGHUmR XVXIUXLU GH PRGR

LJXDOLWiULR GD DXWRQRPLD SULYDGD VH HOHV FRPR FLGDGmRV

IL]HUHP XP XVR DGHTXDGR GH VXD DXWRQRPLD SROtWLFD 3RU

LVVR RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV OLEHUDLV H SROtWLFRV VmR

LQGLYLVtYHLV





(VWDWHVHWDPEpPUHIOHWHXPDPDLRULQWHUUHODomRTXH

GHYHRSHUDUHQWUHRVFRQFHLWRVGHGHPRFUDFLDGHVHQYROYLPHQWRHGLUHLWRV

KXPDQRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHDSyVD&RQIHUrQFLD0XQGLDOGH9LHQDHP

QD TXDO VH HVWDEHOHFHX D SUHWHQVmR GH LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR H GH PDLRU

DPSOLWXGHGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVHP³GHFRUUrQFLDGDFRQVWDWDomRGHTXH

RVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVSHUPHLDPWRGDVDViUHDVGDDWLYLGDGHKXPDQD´





2QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



,QLFLDOPHQWH FDEH UHIHULU TXH R ³SHQVDPHQWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO FRPR SURFHVVR KLVWyULFR GH DPSORV FRQWRUQRV´ DEUDQJHX

DVPDLVGLYHUVDVFRUUHQWHVLGHROyJLFDVHILORVyILFDVPDVSRGHVHDILUPDU

TXHpYLQFXODGRDRSHQVDPHQWRRFLGHQWDO



VHQGRTXHVXDDFHLWDomRIRL

HVWHQGLGDSDUDRXWUDViUHDVGRPXQGRSRUIRUoDGHXPD³XQLYHUVDOLGDGH´

DGTXLULGDDSDUWLUGH³HOHPHQWRVFRQFHLWRVHSULQFtSLRVGHFXQKRMXUtGLFRH

SROtWLFRTXHFRUUHVSRQGHPDRSUySULRQ~FOHR GD WHRUL]DomRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

HODERUDGDQRV~OWLPRVVpFXORV´





&RPR YLVWR DQWHV D +LVWyULD GR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

GHVHQYROYHXVHDSDUWLUGRSURFHVVRSROtWLFRGD,QGHSHQGrQFLD$PHULFDQD

FRPDDILUPDomRHVFULWDGDH[LVWrQFLDGHGLUHLWRVRXSULQFtSLRVEiVLFRVTXH

FRPS}HPDVLVWHPDWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHPDSDUWLUGHXPDLGpLD

GH OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO OLPLWDQGR D IRUoD GR (VWDGR 7DPEpP D LGpLD GH

VREHUDQLDSRSXODUIRLPDUFDQWHQRVXUJLPHQWRGRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRHQR

131

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, P. 149.

132

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 30.

133

SALDANHA, Nelson. Formação da Teoria Constitucional. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2000, p. 2-3.

134

SALDANHA, Nelson. Formação da Teoria Constitucional. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2000, p. 10.

VHXGHVHQYROYLPHQWRH[DWDPHQWHSRUTXHVHHVWDEHOHFHXDQRomRGHTXH

SUySULRSRYRpTXHVHDXWRJRYHUQDGRQGHVHRULJLQDDIRUoDGRSULQFtSLR

GHPRFUiWLFR FRPR IXQGDPHQWR GD VRFLHGDGH SROtWLFD SULQFtSLR HVVH TXH

QmRVHSRGHGHVFDUWDUSHODGRXWULQDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDFRQWHPSRUkQHD

2 DUW  GD 'HFODUDomR GH 'LUHLWRV GD 5HYROXomR

)UDQFHVD FRPR YLVWR DQWHV ILUPRX XPD FRQGLomR QRUPDWLYD SDUD R

UHFRQKHFLPHQWRGD H[LVWrQFLDGH XPDFRQVWLWXLomRSRLV HVWDEHOHFHXTXH

³WRGDVRFLHGDGHQDTXDODJDUDQWLDGRVGLUHLWRVQmRpDVVHJXUDGDQHPD

VHSDUDomR GRV SRGHUHV GHWHUPLQDGD QmR WHP FRQVWLWXLomR´ 2

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR GD pSRFD H[LJLD TXH QD FRQVWLWXLomR HVWLYHVVHP

SUHVHQWHVSHORPHQRVWUrVFRQGLo}HVXPFDWiORJRGHGLUHLWRVEiVLFRVXP

PHFDQLVPR GH FRQWUROH MXULVGLFLRQDO GD FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH GD OHJLVODomR

RUGLQiULDHDH[LVWrQFLDGHSURFHGLPHQWRVPDLVUtJLGRVSDUDDDOWHUDomRGD

FRQVWLWXLomR





(VWDYDFODUDDVVLPDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDtQWLPDUHODomR

HQWUHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRGHVGHDRULJHPGDV

SULPHLUDVGHFODUDo}HVGHGLUHLWRVFRPRSRUH[HPSORD)UDQFHVDDTXDO

H[SUHVVDPHQWH UHODFLRQD R WHUPR FRQVWLWXLomR FRP D JDUDQWLD GD

H[LVWrQFLDGHGLUHLWRVLQGLYLGXDLV

7RGDYLD R SURFHVVR GH IRUWDOHFLPHQWRV GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV VRIUHX XP JUDQGH UHWURFHVVR FRP R SRVLWLYLVPR MXUtGLFR

PRYLPHQWRTXHSURFXURXDIDVWDUDIXQGDPHQWDomRGRGLUHLWRGHSUHPLVVDV

³QDWXUDLV´HUDFLRQDLVQmRFRPSURYDGDVFLHQWLILFDPHQWHHTXHSHUPLWLXD

VHSDUDomRGRGLUHLWRGDPRUDOHGRVYDORUHVpWLFRV





1mR VH SRGH HVTXHFHU TXH R PRYLPHQWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDWLSLILFDGRQDFULDomRGR(VWDGRGH'LUHLWROLEHUDOLQLFLD

VHMXQWDPHQWHFRPDWRPDGDGRSRGHUSHODEXUJXHVLDFRPRQRVGL]3DEOR

/XFDV9HUG~

135

BAYÓN, Juan Carlos. Derechos, democracia y constitucion. Disponível em:

<http://descargas.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/doxa/12925071916700495109213/discusiones1/Vol1_

05.pdf>. Acesso em: 13/05/2007.

136

BARROSO, Luís Roberto; BARCELLOS, Ana Paula de. O começo da História: a nova interpretação

constitucional e o papel dos princípios no direito brasileiro. In: Interpretação constitucional. SILVA, Virgílio

Afonso da (org.). São Paulo: Malheiros, 2005, p. 271-316, p. 277-278.



$OFDQoDGDV DV TXRWDV GR SRGHU D LPDJLQDomR MXUtGLFR

SROtWLFDEXUJXHVDFRQILJXURXR(VWDGR&RQVWLWXFLRQDO/RFNH

0RQWHVTXLHX DV JDUDQWLDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV &RQVWDQW H R

(VWDGROLEHUDOGH'LUHLWRYRQ0RKO





7DO DVFHQVmR EXUJXHVD DR SRGHU SRU PHLR GR

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV FRQWUD R VREHUDQR H FRQWDQGR FRP R

³UDFLRQDOLVPR R ODLFLVPR R LQGLYLGXDOLVPR EXUJXrV´ SRVVLELOLWRX R

VXUJLPHQWRGH³XPSDGUmROHJDOLVWD´TXH³SDVVDDGRPLQDUDHVWUXWXUDHR

VHQWLGR GD H[SHULrQFLD MXUtGLFD´ SRGHQGRVH IDODU HP ³FRQFHLWR GH OHL

SUySULRGR(VWDGRGH'LUHLWROLEHUDOEXUJXrV>@XP(VWDGROHJDOLWiULR´



 ( HVVH ³OHJLVODWLYLVPR GR (VWDGR OLEHUDO´ LPSOLFRX QR SRVLWLYLVPR

MXUtGLFR QD PHGLGD HP TXH DEDQGRQRXVH R GLUHLWR QDWXUDO H R

FRVWXPHLURFRQFHEHQGRVHDRUGHPMXUtGLFD³FRPRXPDUHGHFHUUDGDGH

QRUPDVSRVLWLYDV´





(VVH UHWURFHVVR FXOPLQRX FRP D 6HJXQGD *XHUUD

0XQGLDO H RV KRUURUHV QD]LVWDV QD TXDO RV GLULJHQWHV DXWRULWiULRV GRV

SDtVHV GHUURWDGRV VH DSURYHLWDUDP GR DSHJR j OHJDOLGDGH HVWpULO SDUD

SHUSHWUDU EDUEDULGDGHV HP QRPH GD OHL HP FRPSOHWR GHVUHVSHLWR DRV

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVDWpHQWmRUHFRQKHFLGRV





$SyV D 6HJXQGD *UDQGH *XHUUD HQWUHWDQWR DV

GRXWULQDV MXUtGLFDV SURJUHVVLVWDV HQJHQGUDUDP XPD UHDomR FRQWUD R

OHJDOLVPR SRVLWLYLVWD  DV TXDLV YrP VHQGR FKDPDGDV FRPXPHQWH GH

GRXWULQDVSyVSRVLWLYLVWDVSRUPHLRGHXPDVpULHGHQRYDVFRQFHSo}HV

MXVILORVyILFDVWDLVFRPRXPDPDLRUDSUR[LPDomRGRGLUHLWRFRPDPRUDO

R IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV FRP EDVH QD LGpLD GH GLJQLGDGH

KXPDQD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDLV HP WH[WRV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV H WDPEpP D PDLRU LPSRUWkQFLD FRQIHULGD j KHUPHQrXWLFD

137

VERDÚ, Pablo Lucas. O sentimento constitucional: aproximação ao estudo do sentir constitucional como

modo de integração política. Trad. Agassiz Almeida Filho. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2006, p. 117.

138

Segundo Nelson Saldanha, a expressão “estado legalitário” foi cunhada por Carl Schmitt. O autor citado,

entretanto, não indica onde colheu a referência. Cf. SALDANHA, Nelson. Formação da Teoria Constitucional.

2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2000, p. 22-23.

139

SALDANHA, Nelson. Op. cit., p. 25.

140

BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Neoconstitucionalismo e constitucionalização do direito. In: Revista de Direito

Constitucional e Internacional. Ano 15, n. 58, jan.-mar. 2007, p. 133.

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO TXH GHYHULD VHU UHDOL]DGD D SDUWLU GH SULQFtSLRV MXUtGLFRV

DEHUWRVHLPSUHJQDGRVGHYDORUHVPRUDLVHpWLFRV





3RU LVVR p TXH DV ³FRQVWLWXLo}HV FRQWHPSRUkQHDV VmR

JHQHURVDV QD SUHYLVmR GH YDORUHV PDWHULDLV GH FRQWH~GR EDVWDQWH

GLIXVR´



 QRWDGDPHQWH RV WH[WRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV EDL[DGRV HP UHJLPHV

GHPRFUiWLFRV RFLGHQWDLV HP IDFH GD RQGD GHPRFUiWLFD TXH DVVRORX D

(XURSD D SDUWLU GRV DQRV  DWp R LQtFLR GR VpFXOR ;;, 1HVVH VHQWLGR

SRGHVH PHVPR DILUPDU D ³FRQVWLWXLomR FRPR HVWDWXWR D[LROyJLFR GD

VRFLHGDGH´HQXPDUHDSUR[LPDomRQRWDGDPHQWHQD$OHPDQKDGRGLUHLWR

DRV SRVWXODGRV MXVQDWXUDOLVWDV



 +i DVVLP XPD UHDSUR[LPDomR GR

GLUHLWR FRP D pWLFD D SDUWLU GD FHQWUDOLGDGH FRQIHULGD DRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVQRVRUGHQDPHQWRVGHPRFUiWLFRVLQIOXHQFLDGDSRUGRXWULQDV

SyVSRVLWLYLVWDVGR'LUHLWR





1R TXH WDQJH DRV SULQFtSLRV MXUtGLFRV DV WHRULDV GH

'ZRUNLQH$OH[\DILUPDUDPQXPYHUGDGHLURJROSHFRQWUDRSRVLWLYLVPRD

VXDHTXLYDOrQFLDGHYDORUHPIDFHGDVGHPDLVQRUPDVMXUtGLFDVUHJUDV

SHUPLWLQGR D SHUPDQrQFLD HP XP OXJDU GH GHVWDTXH QR VLVWHPD

QRUPDWLYRDRODGRGDVUHJUDVMXUtGLFDVHVWDVGHDSOLFDomRPDLVUHVWULWDH

FRPYDORUVHPkQWLFRUHGX]LGR





&RPHIHLWRSDUD$QD3DXODGH%DUFHOORVH/XtV5REHUWR

%DUURVR



$ YDORUL]DomR GRV SULQFtSLRV VXD LQFRUSRUDomR H[SOtFLWD RX

LPSOtFLWD SHORV WH[WRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV H R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR

SHODRUGHPMXUtGLFDGHVXDQRUPDWLYLGDGHID]HPSDUWHGHVVH

DPELHQWHGHUHDSUR[LPDomRHQWUHGLUHLWRHpWLFD





141

BARROSO, Luís Roberto; BARCELLOS, Ana Paula de. Op. cit., p. 279-279.

142

BARCELLOS, Ana Paula de. Alguns parâmetros normativos para a ponderação constitucional. In:

BARROSO, Luís Roberto (org.). A nova interpretação constitucional: ponderação, direitos fundamentais e

relações privadas. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2006, p. 49-118, p. 51.

143

Para Jane Reis G. Pereira, o entendimento da Constituição como ordem de valores é da tradição

constitucional alemã, conforme desenvolvimento aplicado pela Corte Constitucional deste país. Cf. PEREIRA,

Jane Reis Gonçalves. Apontamentos sobre a aplicação das normas de direito fundamental nas relações jurídicas

entre particulares. In: BARROSO, Luís Roberto (org.). A nova interpretação constitucional: ponderação,

direitos fundamentais e relações privadas. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2006, p. 119-192, p. 149-150.

144

BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Neoconstitucionalismo e constitucionalização do direito. Revista de Direito

Constitucional e Internacional. São Paulo: RT, ano 15, n. 58, jan./mar. 2007, p. 129-173, p. 141.

145

BARROSO, Luís Roberto; BARCELLOS, Ana Paula de. Op. cit., p. 280.

146

BARROSO, Luís Roberto; BARCELLOS, Ana Paula de. Op. cit., p. 279.



2VSULQFtSLRVMXUtGLFRVDGDSWDUDPVHGHIRUPDHILFLHQWH

DRQRYRPRGHORGHFRQVWLWXLomRQDPHGLGDHPTXHDDEHUWXUDVHPkQWLFD

GDTXHOHV YROWDGD SDUD YDORUHV VXEVWDQFLDLV FRPSUHHQGLGRV H HYROXtGRV

KLVWRULFDPHQWHDGHTXRXVHDXPDLGpLDGHFRQVWLWXLomRFRPRUHSRVLWyULR

GH YDORUHV pWLFRV DVVLP FRPR QRUPD PDLRU ³GLULJHQWH´ GD SUySULD

VRFLHGDGHYH]TXHRVWH[WRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVSDVVDUDPDSURSRURVILQVGR

(VWDGR

9HMDVHSRUH[HPSORRFDVREUDVLOHLURWHQGRHPYLVWD

TXH R DUW  GD &DUWD 3ROtWLFD GHILQH H[SUHVVDPHQWH FHUWRV REMHWLYRV

PDLRUHV GD 5HS~EOLFD MXVWLoD VRFLDO LJXDOGDGH HOLPLQDomR GD SREUH]D

HWFRTXHEHPLOXVWUDRFRPSRQHQWHD[LROyJLFRGRGLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

PRGHUQR

1HVVH GLDSDVmR D LGpLD GH IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GD

&RQVWLWXLomRFRPRQRUPDIXQGDPHQWDOGHXPDVRFLHGDGHQRUPDSHODTXDO

GLUHLWRV HIHWLYRV VmR DVVHJXUDGRV DRV LQGLYtGXRV IRL UHYLJRUDGD SHODV

GRXWULQDV GLWDV ³QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWDV´ TXH SURFXUDUDP UHIRUoDU D IRUoD

QRUPDWLYD GR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO PRGHUQR FDUUHJDGR GH SULQFtSLRV

PRUDLV VXSHULRUHV QR VHQWLGR GH TXH HOH UHSUHVHQWH XPD YHUGDGHLUD

QRUPDMXUtGLFD GLUHWLYDDVHU VHJXLGDSHOR (VWDGRHSHORV LQGLYtGXRVTXH

IRUPDPDVRFLHGDGHSROLWL]DGD

1HVVH VHQWLGR R QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR VH DIDVWD GR

SRVLWLYLVPR FOiVVLFR DR UHFKDoDU D LGpLD FRPXP SRVLWLYLVWD GH TXH R

GLUHLWR GHYH VHU ³VLPSOHVPHQWH FRQKHFLGR´ SHOD FLrQFLD MXUtGLFD H QXQFD

FRPSUHHQGLGRFULWLFDPHQWHRXVHMDTXHQmRGHYHVHSUHRFXSDUDOpPGDV

TXHVW}HV GH UHFRQKHFLPHQWR FRP RV SUREOHPDV GH MXVWLILFDomR GDV

QRUPDVMXUtGLFDV





+i SRUWDQWR XPD HYLGHQWH UHODomR HQWUH R

QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR H RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QD PHGLGD HP TXH R

SURFHVVR GH IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GDV FRQVWLWXLo}HV QD VHJXQGD PHWDGH GR

VpFXORSDVVDGRIRLIRUWHPHQWHLQIOXHQFLDGRSHODLGpLDEiVLFDGDGLJQLGDGH

147

ZAGREBELSKY, Gustavo. Historia y constitución. Madri: Minima Trotta, 2005, p. 30.

KXPDQDH GDSUHFHGrQFLD GRVGLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLVFRUUHODWRVRV TXDLV

DOPHMDUDP R GHVWDTXH QHFHVViULRH PHUHFLGR QR WRSR GR RUGHQDPHQWR

MXUtGLFR

3RU RXWUR ODGR RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV IXQGDPHQWDLV HVWmR

LQWLPDPHQWHFRQHFWDGRVDRQHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRQDPHGLGDHPTXHDV

LGpLDVGHUHIRUoRGDIRUoDQRUPDWLYDGDFRQVWLWXLomRHGHPDLRUGHQVLGDGH

D[LROyJLFD GDV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV QDWXUDOPHQWH LPSOLFDP QXPD

WHQGrQFLD j FRQFUHWL]DomR PDLV HIHWLYD GHVVHV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV LQFOXVLYH

SRU PHLR GH Do}HV MXGLFLDLV HP FRQWUDSRVLomR j FRQFHSomR FOiVVLFD QR

VHQWLGR GH TXH HOHV GHYHULDP VHU LPSOHPHQWDGRV VRPHQWH SRU SROtWLFDV

S~EOLFDVGLVFULFLRQiULDVEDL[DGDVSHORV3RGHUHV([HFXWLYRH/HJLVODWLYR

1HVVHVHQWLGRSDUFHODGDGRXWULQDFRQWHPSRUkQHDWHP

SURFXUDGR FRQIHULU XP VWDWXV SHOR PHQRV DSUR[LPDGR GH GLUHLWR

VXEMHWLYR DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV R TXH WDPEpP HVWi UHSHUFXWLQGR QD

MXULVSUXGrQFLDQDFLRQDOHPIDFHGHGLYHUVDVGHFLV}HVGRVPDJLVWUDGRVH

DWpPHVPRGR67)TXHYrPUHFRQKHFHQGRPDLRUHIHWLYLGDGHDRVGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV





&DUDFWHUtVWLFDVEiVLFDVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



$VGLPHQV}HVVXEMHWLYDHREMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



4XDQGRVHIDODHPGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVpLPSRUWDQWH

UHOHPEUDU TXH WDO FDWHJRULD MXUtGLFD QmR VH FRQVWLWXL HP XPD FDWHJRULD

VLPSOLILFDGDRXSRQWXDOGHIiFLOFRPSUHHQVmRHDQiOLVH3HORFRQWUiULRRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVRVWHQWDPXPDUHOHYDQWHFRPSOH[LGDGHHVWUXWXUDOH

IXQFLRQDO



 GRWDGRV TXH VmR GH GLIHUHQWHV PRGRV GH RUJDQL]DomR H

FRQFUHWL]DomR VHQGR MXVWLILFDGRV SRUWDQWR RV DPSORV HVIRUoRV

148

Para uma análise do conceito de direito subjetivo e sua relação com os direitos sociais, na qual se rejeita a

idéia de que os direitos sociais não são direitos subjetivos, cf. MELLO, Cláudio Ari. Os direitos fundamentais

sociais e o conceito de direito subjetivo. Revista do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 105-138,

Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005.

149

Note-se, por exemplo, que a Constituição brasileira de 1988 divide o título dos direitos fundamentais em

cinco capítulos, que tratam de categorias diversas de direitos. E estes capítulos são subdivididos em dezenas de

dispositivos, o que revela, de logo, a diversidade e complexidade dos direitos fundamentais.

GRXWULQiULRV GD FLrQFLD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO QR VHQWLGR GH XPD PHOKRU

FRPSUHHQVmR GR DVVXQWR DLQGD PDLV SRUTXH WrPVH HQWHQGLGR

HVSHFLDOPHQWH DSyV R DGYHQWR GD GRXWULQD QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWD TXH R

DSDUDWR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VHULD D SHoD SULQFLSDO GH XPD RUGHP

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHPRFUiWLFD

3RU RXWUR ODGR p FHUWR TXH RV GLYHUVRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVQmRVHFRQVWLWXHPFDGDXPSRUVLGHFDWHJRULDVMXUtGLFDV

WRWDOPHQWH LQGHSHQGHQWHV XPDV GDV RXWUDV PDV DQWHV ID]HP SDUWH ±

FDGDGLUHLWRFRPVXDHVSHFLILFLGDGH±GHXPVXEVLVWHPDMXUtGLFRRULHQWDGR

SRUSULQFtSLRVPDLRUHVUHODFLRQDGRV FRP RSULQFtSLRGDGLJQLGDGHGRVHU

KXPDQRRXVHMDOHYDQGRHPFRQVLGHUDomRR YDORUVXSHULRUGDFRQGLomR

KXPDQD



 7DO VXEVLVWHPD MXUtGLFR YDOH UHVVDOWDU VH HQFRQWUD QR WRSR

KLHUiUTXLFR GRV RUGHQDPHQWRV MXUtGLFRV GHPRFUiWLFRV H HVWi YLQFXODGR

GLUHWDPHQWH j FRQVWUXomR MXVILORVyILFD GR (VWDGR 'HPRFUiWLFR GH

'LUHLWR





3RU LVVR p TXH D GRXWULQD WHP UHVVDOWDGR TXH SRU

H[HPSOR RV WtSLFRV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV QHJDWLYRV WDPEpP DSUHVHQWDP

SUREOHPDV GH HIHWLYDomR DVVLP FRPR RV ³PRGHUQRV GLUHLWRV D

SUHVWDo}HV´QRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDRPRGRGHVXDSUHVWDomRMXUtGLFDSHOR

(VWDGR





6REUHDLQWHJUDomRGDVGLYHUVDVFDWHJRULDVGRVGLUHLWRV

QXP WRGR KDUP{QLFR QRWDGDPHQWH QR FDVR EUDVLOHLUR DVVHYHUD -RVp

$IRQVRGD6LOYD



$ &RQVWLWXLomR DJRUD IXQGDPHQWD R HQWHQGLPHQWR GH TXH

DV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QHOD

SUHYLVWRV LQWHJUDPVH QXP WRGR KDUP{QLFR PHGLDQWH

LQIOXrQFLDV UHFtSURFDV DWp SRUTXH RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV

FRQVXEVWDQFLDGRV QR VHX DUW  HVWmR FRQWDPLQDGRV GH

GLPHQVmR VRFLDO GH WDO VRUWH TXH D SUHYLVmR GRV GLUHLWRV

150

“Há um conjunto de direitos fundamentais, do qual decorrem todos os outros: o conjunto dos direitos que

estão mais intimamente ligados à dignidade e ao valor da pessoa humana e sem os quais os indivíduos perdem a

sua qualidade de homens.” ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição

Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 36.

151

Sobre a importância dos direitos fundamentais no Estado de Direito e no constitucionalismo, cf. LUÑO,

Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 19-20.

152

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Estudos sobre Direitos Fundamentais. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 2004, p. 51.

VRFLDLVHQWUHHOHVHRVGLUHLWRVGHQDFLRQDOLGDGHHSROtWLFRV

OKHVTXHEUDRIRUPDOLVPRHRVHQWLGRDEVWUDWR





( D SULPHLUD FODVVLILFDomR TXH VH ID] HP UHODomR DRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSRVLWLYDGRVpDTXHODHPTXHHOHVDSUHVHQWDPGXDV

³GLPHQV}HV´



 RX VHMD GRLV PRGRV GH DWXDomR GD UHVSHFWLYD IRUoD

QRUPDWLYD XPD GLPHQVmR VXEMHWLYD UHODWLYD j SURWHomR FRQIHULGD

GLUHWDPHQWHDRVLQGLYtGXRVFRQWUDR(VWDGRHHYHQWXDOPHQWHWHUFHLURVH

D RXWUD GLPHQVmR GLWD REMHWLYD SHUWLQHQWH j LUUDGLDomR GRV FRQWH~GRV

VXEVWDQFLDLVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVREUHRRUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFRFRPR

XP WRGR VHP TXH QHVVH FDVR VH SRVVD IDODU HP XP kPELWR GLUHWR GH

SURWHomRGDHVIHUDMXUtGLFDGHXPLQGLYtGXR

(VVD GLVWLQomR GHFRUUH QDWXUDOPHQWH GR IDWR GH TXH R

'LUHLWRQmRVyUHJXODRXSURFXUDUHJXODUFRPSRUWDPHQWRVKXPDQRVHP

VHQWLGR HVWULWR PDV WDPEpP GH PRGR LQGLUHWR RV UHJXOD FRQIHULQGR

FRPSHWrQFLDV H DWULEXLo}HV EHP FRPR GHVFUHYHQGR SURFHVVRV GH

UHJXODPHQWDomR



GHPRGRTXHSDUDDHVWUXWXUDomRIXQFLRQDOGR'LUHLWR

QmR DSHQDV QRUPDV FRPSRUWDPHQWDLV VmR VXILFLHQWHV (VWDV ~OWLPDV VmR

QRUPDVTXHQmRSUHVFUHYHPFRQGXWDVKXPDQDVSURSULDPHQWHGLWDVPDV

DQWHVGHILQHPHVWUXWXUDVHFRPSHWrQFLDVTXHUHYHODP³DVFRQGLo}HVHRV

SURFHGLPHQWRV  DWUDYpV GRV TXDLV  HPDQDP QRUPDV GH FRQGXWDV

YiOLGDV´





(QWUHWDQWR D GLPHQVmR VXEMHWLYD p D GLPHQVmR PDLV

LPSRUWDQWHHDEUDQJHQWHSRLVLPSOLFD QR UHFRQKHFLPHQWRGLUHWRGHXPD

HVIHUD GH SURWHomR MXUtGLFD HP IDYRU GR LQGLYtGXR FRQWUD R (VWDGR RX

153

SILVA, José Afonso da Silva. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999,

p 187-188.

154

Alguns autores referem-se, também, aos termos “caráter”, “natureza”, “função”, os quais podem ser

considerados, para o contexto citado, como sinônimos. Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos

Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 114.

155

ZIPPELIUS, Reinhold. Introdução ao Estudo do Direito. Trad. Gercélia Mendes. Belo horizonte: Del Rey,

2006, p. 7.

156

BOBBIO, Norberto. Teoria do Ordenamento Jurídico. 10. ed. Brasília; UNB, 1999, p. 33.

FRQWUD WHUFHLURV 3RU LVVR p TXH RV RUGHQDPHQWRV MXUtGLFRV PRGHUQRV VH

HVWUXWXUDPQDIRUPDGHXPFRQMXQWRGHGLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRV





3RURXWURODGRKLVWRULFDPHQWHVHQRWDTXHDUHJXODomR

GD VRFLHGDGH H D HVSHFLILFDomR IXQFLRQDO GHVWD QD IRUPD GH (VWDGR





SHOR GLUHLWR FRQVROLGRXVH QRV SULPyUGLRV GR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR FRP D

LGpLD OLEHUDO GH GLUHLWRV GH OLEHUGDGH H SROtWLFRV



 RV TXDLV FHUWDPHQWH

LPSOLFDYDP HP WtSLFDV SRVLo}HV GH YDQWDJHP GHVWLQDGDV j SURWHomR GRV

LQGLYtGXRV FRQWUD R (VWDGR DGHTXDQGRVH SRUWDQWR DR FRQFHLWR GH

GLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRV

( HP TXH SHVH R VXUJLPHQWR GH QRYDV JHUDo}HV RX

GLPHQV}HV



GHGLUHLWRVDRORQJRGDKLVWyULDQmRKiXPDVXEVWLWXLomRGH

XPD JHUDomR RX GLPHQVmR SRU RXWUD SRVWHULRU PDV VLP XPD

³DFXPXODomR´ SHOD TXDO QRYRV GLUHLWRV YrP D VH VRPDU DRV GLUHLWRV

DQWLJRV RV TXDLV ³VXEVLVWHP D SDU GRV GD JHUDomR VHJXLQWH H DWp VH

DFUHVFHQWDPVREQRYRVDVSHFWRV´





'HVVH PRGR D ³QRYD XQLYHUVDOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV´



 SDUD XVDU XPD H[SUHVVmR GH %RQDYLGHV QmR H[FOXL D

YDOLGDGH SULQFLSDO GD GLPHQVmR VXEMHWLYD PDV DQWHV D UHIRUoD SHOR

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GD FRPSOH[LGDGH GR IHQ{PHQR MXUtGLFR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV H DVVLP HP FRQVHTrQFLD LQGLFD D QHFHVVLGDGH GH

FRPSOHPHQWDomR GDTXHOD GLPHQVmR SHOD GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD $ GLPHQVmR

REMHWLYDDSUHVHQWDPDLVXPDIXQomRGHJDUDQWLDLQVWLWXFLRQDOGDVSRVLo}HV

VXEMHWLYDVVHQGRSRUWDQWRDHODFRPSOHPHQWDU

157

Para Habermas, “as sociedades jurídicas modernas constroem-se essencialmente sobre direitos subjetivos.”.

Cf. HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 144.

158

Sobre o tema do Estado ser uma especificação funcional da sociedade para atuar sobre si mesma e também o

Estado de Direito ser uma proteção para os membros contra o próprio Estado, cf. HABERMAS, Jürgen. A

constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p.

80.

159

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de direito constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 563.

160

O termo “dimensões” aqui utilizado se refere às ondas históricas de aparecimento de direitos e não ao

significado que se atribui ao termo utilizado no nome do capítulo, que se refere à dupla natureza das normas de

direitos fundamentais: subjetiva e objetiva.

161

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 68.

162

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de direito constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 573.

$VVLP SRGHVH FODUDPHQWH DILUPDU TXH RV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV GHYHP VHU FRQFHELGRV HVVHQFLDOPHQWH FRPR GLUHLWRV

VXEMHWLYRV RX VHMD FRPR GLUHLWRV TXH DWULEXHP DR LQGLYtGXR SRVLo}HV

MXUtGLFDV FRQFUHWDV H GHWHUPLQiYHLV FRQWUD WHUFHLURV LQFOXVLYH H

SULQFLSDOPHQWH FRQWUD D VRFLHGDGH LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGD MXULGLFDPHQWH R

(VWDGRVHQGRWDOGLPHQVmRDTXHWUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHVHFRPSUHHQGRFRPR

'LUHLWR1HVVHVHQWLGRKiXPD³SUHVXQomRDIDYRUGDGLPHQVmRVXEMHWLYD´

GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRLV ³VH XP GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO HVWi

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH SURWHJLGR FRPR GLUHLWR LQGLYLGXDO HVWmR HVWD

SURWHFomRHIHFWXDVHVREDIRUPDGHGLUHLWRVXEMHFWLYR´





7RGDYLD FRPR GLWR DQWHV D GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVWDPEpPpXPDUHDOLGDGHTXHQmRVHSRGHROYLGDU

DLQGD TXH WHQKD VLGR UHYHODGD RX DSURIXQGDGD PDLV UHFHQWHPHQWH SHOD

GRXWULQDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

$GLPHQVmRVXEMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVFRPR

HYLGHQWHPHQWHVHSHUFHEHGHFRUUHGDFRPSUHHQVmRGHVVHVGLUHLWRVFRPR

HQTXDGUiYHLV QD FDWHJRULD WUDGLFLRQDO GR GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR DLQGD TXH

DGDSWDGDFXMDVRULJHQVUHPRQWDPDRGLUHLWRSULYDGR'HIDWRSDUD9LHLUD

GH$QGUDGH



8WLOL]DVH SDUD UHIHULU R Q~FOHR VXEMHWLYR IRUPDGR SRU

SRVLo}HV MXUtGLFDV LQGLYLGXDLV R FRQFHLWR WUDGLFLRQDO GH

GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR TXH QR HQWDQWR WHP TXH VHU HQWHQGLGR

DTXL QXP VHQWLGR DPSOR FRPR SRVLomR MXUtGLFD VXEMHFWLYD

DFWLYD RX GH YDQWDJHP >@ 3DUWLPRV VLPSOHVPHQWH GD

LGpLDFRPXPGHTXHDILJXUDGRGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRLPSOLFDHP

SRGHU RX XPD IDFXOGDGH SDUD D UHDOL]DomR HIHFWLYD GH

LQWHUHVVHV TXH VmR UHFRQKHFLGRV SRU XPD QRUPD MXUtGLFD

FRPRSUySULRVGRUHVSHFWLYRWLWXODU





$ FRQFHSomR WUDGLFLRQDO GH GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR GHLWD

UDt]HV SRU VXD YH] QR OLEHUDOLVPR HFRQ{PLFR DVVHQWDQGRVH QDV LGpLDV

GH H[LVWrQFLD GH XP WLWXODU FRP SRGHU GH H[LJLU GH RXWUHP GHWHUPLQD

163

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 1179.

164

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 117-118.

REULJDomR HP IDYRU GDTXHOH



 3DUD &DQRWLOKR QR GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR

DSDUHFHXPDUHODomRWULODWHUDOHQWUHRWLWXODURGHVWLQDWiULRHRREMHWRGR

GLUHLWR QD PHGLGD HP TXH Ki GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR ³TXDQGR R WLWXODU GH XP

GLUHLWRWHPIDFHDRVHXGHVWLQDWiULRRGLUHLWRDXPGHWHUPLQDGRDFWRH

HVWH~OWLPRWHPRGHYHUGHSHUDQWHRSULPHLURSUDWLFDUHVVHDFWR´





(VWDFRQFHSomRGHGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRPHUHFHDGDSWDo}HV

WHyULFDV QD PHGLGD HP TXH DXPHQWDP DV FRPSOH[LGDGHV QRUPDWLYDV GH

XP (VWDGR 6RFLDO GH 'LUHLWR LQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH ,VVR

SRUTXHSRUH[HPSORRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVLPSOLFDPSDUDVXDFRQFUHWL]DomR

HPRIHUHFLPHQWRGHSUHVWDo}HVIiWLFDVRXMXUtGLFDVSDUDDVDWLVIDomRGH

QHFHVVLGDGHVKXPDQDVDVTXDLVHPJHUDOVmRLQFRQGLFLRQDLVVHQGRTXH

DVSUHVWDo}HVGHYHPVHURIHUHFLGDVSHODFROHWLYLGDGHFRPRXPWRGRHQmR

SRURXWUDVSHVVRDVLQGLYLGXDLV





2VGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVXEMHWLYRV±RXVHMDDTXHOHV

TXHQmRVmRHQWHQGLGRVPHUDPHQWHQRVHQWLGRREMHWLYR± RVWHQWDPWUrV

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV HVVHQFLDLV QD YLVmR GH 9LHLUD GH $QGUDGH VmR SRVLo}HV

MXUtGLFDVLQGLYLGXDLVXQLYHUVDLVHIXQGDPHQWDLV



3RUSRVLo}HVMXUtGLFDV

LQGLYLGXDLV HQWHQGDVH TXH WDLV GLUHLWRV VmR UHIHULGRV D SHVVRDV

LQGLYLGXDLV



 H YLVDP D SURWHJHU EHQV MXUtGLFRV GHWHUPLQiYHLV H

LQGLYLGXDOL]iYHLV FRP R TXH VH DIDVWD GHVVH FRQFHLWR RXWUDV VLWXDo}HV

MXUtGLFDVSURWHJLGDVQRUPDWLYDPHQWHPDVTXH³SHORVHXFDUiWHUREMHWLYR

QmR VmR VXVFHSWtYHLV GH VHU LPSXWDGDV D FDGD XPD GDV SHVVRDV

FRQFUHWDV´





2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VXEMHWLYRV WDPEpP VmR

GLUHLWRVXQLYHUVDLVQRVHQWLGRGHTXHVmRDSOLFiYHLVHPSULQFtSLRDWRGDV

165

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Estudos sobre Direitos Fundamentais. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 2004, p. 45-

46.

166

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 1176.

167

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Estudos sobre Direitos Fundamentais. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 2004, p. 49.

168

Adota-se a análise de José Carlos Vieira de Andrade. Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos

Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 120-141.

169

Alguns deles também são extensíveis, evidentemente, às pessoas jurídicas, especialmente no caso de não se

referirem diretamente à dignidade humana.

170

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 120-121.

DV SHVVRDV GD FRPXQLGDGH HVVHQFLDOPHQWH SHOD FRQVLGHUDomR GD

LJXDOGDGH GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD TXH QmR FRPSRUWD GLIHUHQFLDo}HV HQWUH

LQGLYtGXRV GLYHUVRV (OHV RVWHQWDP SRUWDQWR XPD SUHWHQVmR GH QmR

H[FOXVmR

(QWUHWDQWR D XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVQmRLPSOLFDHPDEVROXWLVPRUDGLFDO GRGLUHLWRjLJXDOGDGH

SRLV DOJXPDV GLIHUHQFLDo}HV UD]RiYHLV VmR SRVVtYHLV VH QmR DIURQWDP

GLUHWDPHQWH D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD H SHOR FRQWUiULR FDVR WHQKDP FRPR

REMHWLYR HP DOJXQV FDVRV UHDOL]DU XPD HTXDOL]DomR HQWUH VLWXDo}HV

GHVSURSRUFLRQDLV

$VVLP SRU H[HPSOR D UHVWULomR GR GLUHLWR GH DFHVVR

DRV HVWUDQJHLURV D GHWHUPLQDGRV FDUJRV S~EOLFRV RSHUDGD SHOD

&RQVWLWXLomR D OLPLWDomR GR GLUHLWR DR YRWR DRV PHQRUHV GH LGDGH H DWp

PHVPR D OLPLWDomR GR RIHUHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV VRFLDLV

DSHQDV DRV TXH HIHWLYDPHQWH RV QHFHVVLWHP VmR H[HPSORV GD

SRVVLELOLGDGH GH WHPSHUDPHQWR GR FDUiWHU XQLYHUVDOLVWD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV





'HIDWRTXDQWRDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVDSUHVWDo}HVHVWHV

WDPEpPYLVDPjLJXDOGDGHTXDQGRGHWHUPLQDPYDQWDJHQVQRWDGDPHQWHD

DSHQDVTXHPQHFHVVLWD7UDWDVHGHIDYRUHFHUDLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDOHQmR

DLJXDOGDGHPHUDPHQWHIRUPDOGHIRUPDTXHDVGLVFULPLQDo}HVSRVLWLYDV

VmRMXVWLILFDGDVHQmRRIHQGHPRSULQFtSLRGDXQLYHUVDOLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV H[DWDPHQWH SRUTXH D IXQomR PDLRU GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV p

UHPRYHU GHVLJXDOGDGHV H[LVWHQWHV H TXH QmR VH H[WLQJXHP SRU IRUoD

SUySULDGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOSULYDWL]DGD



$LQWHUYHQomRHVWDWDOMXVWLILFDGD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH p SRUWDQWR HVVHQFLDO SDUD D LPSODQWDomR GH XPD

LJXDOGDGHPDWHULDOQXPDFRPXQLGDGHMXUtGLFDRULHQWDGDSHORSULQFtSLRGD

VROLGDULHGDGH

171

Os exemplos são de Vieira de Andrade, com relação ao Direito Constitucional português, mas se aplicam

claramente ao nosso Direito Constitucional. Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais

na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 134-139.

172

Sobre como a falta de oportunidades iguais implica na manutenção e agravamento das desigualdades nos

“mercados reais”, cf. HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio

Seligmann-Silva. São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 120-121.

$ RXWUD QRWD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GRV GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV p D VXD SUySULD ³IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH´ FRPR HYLGHQWHPHQWH

GH FRQFOXL GR QRPH GR SUySULR FRQFHLWR TXH RUD VH HVWXGD 7UDWDVH GH

IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH



>@ GR SRQWR GH YLVWD VXEVWDQFLDO TXH FRUUHVSRQGH j VXD

LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD D VDOYDJXDUGD GD GLJQLGDGH GD SHVVRD

KXPDQD QXP FHUWR WHPSR H OXJDU GHILQLGD SRU LVVR GH

DFRUGRFRPDFRQVFLrQFLDMXUtGLFDJHUDOGDFRPXQLGDGH





(P TXH SHVH VHU GLItFLO LGHQWLILFDU FRP H[DWLGmR TXDLV

VHULDPRVYHUGDGHLURVGLUHLWRV VXEVWDQFLDLVIXQGDPHQWDLVRFHUWRp TXH

HPSULQFtSLRpGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDOPDWHULDORTXHHVWiWUDWDGRFRPRWDO

QRVHLRGHFDGD&RQVWLWXLomR



PDVSRGHVHDUJXPHQWDUFRPRIH]$OH[\

TXH R Q~FOHR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQVLVWH QD OLEHUGDGH H QD

LJXDOGDGHGRQGH³WRGRVRVRXWURVGLUHLWRVVmRFDVRVHVSHFLDLVGHDPERV

>@ RX PHLRV QHFHVViULRV SDUD D SURGXomR H DVVHJXUDPHQWR GH XPD

PHGLGD VXILFLHQWH GH OLEHUGDGH H LJXDOGDGH IiWLFD´ LQFOXLQGRVH QHVWD R

³GLUHLWRDRPtQLPRH[LVWHQFLDO´





(P REUD GLYHUVD 5REHUW $OH[\ FRQFHGH RXWUR HQIRTXH

VREUHDSHUVSHFWLYDVXEVWDQFLDOGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVQRWDQGRTXHKi

XPD³LQWHQFLRQDOLGDGH´QRFRQFHLWRVXEVWDQFLDOGHGLUHLWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLV

QR VHQWLGR GH TXH H[LVWH XPD ³UHODomR LQWUtQVHFD HQWUH RV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRVHRVGLUHLWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLV´RXVHMDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV VXEVWDQFLDOPHQWH IDODQGR VHULDP GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

SRVLWLYDGRVSHOD&RQVWLWXLomRDTXDOVHQmRRSHUDHVVDSRVLWLYDomRILFD

VXMHLWD D FUtWLFDV KDYHQGR DVVLP XPD GLPHQVmR FUtWLFD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV





173

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 140.

174

Ibidem, loc. cit.

175

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 34.

176

ALEXY, Robert. Teoría del Discurso y Derechos Constitucionales. México D. F.: Distribuciones Fontamara,

2005, p.50-51.

1D GRXWULQD EUDVLOHLUD UHVVDOWHVH R HQWHQGLPHQWR GH

,QJR 6DUOHW SDUD TXHP D VXEVWDQFLDOLGDGH PDWHULDO GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVHVWiFRQHFWDGDFRP³FDWHJRULDVXQLYHUVDLVHFRQVHQVXDLVQR

TXH GL] FRP VXD IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH WDLV FRPR RV YDORUHV GD YLGD GD

OLEHUGDGH GD LJXDOGDGH H GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD´



 (P VHQWLGR

VHPHOKDQWH3DXOR%RQDYLGHVDWHVWDTXH



$YLQFXODomRHVVHQFLDOGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVjOLEHUGDGH

H j GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD HQTXDQWR YDORUHV KLVWyULFRV H

ILORVyILFRV QRV FRQGX]LUDP VHP yELFHV DR VLJQLILFDGR GD

XQLYHUVDOLGDGH LQHUHQWH D HVVHV GLUHLWRV FRPR LGHDO GD

SHVVRDKXPDQD





$ ³IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH´ GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

SRUWDQWRWHPDYHUFRPDLPSRUWkQFLDGHFHUWRVGLUHLWRV³HVSHFLDLV´RX

VHMD TXH JR]DP GH PDLRU LPSRUWkQFLD HVWD DSUHHQGLGD FXOWXUDO H

KLVWRULFDPHQWH QD FRPXQLGDGH MXUtGLFD QDFLRQDO H LQWHUQDFLRQDO

H[DWDPHQWHSRUGHIHQGHUHPEHQVMXUtGLFRVHVVHQFLDLVWDLVFRPRDYLGDD

GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD D OLEHUGDGH H D LJXDOGDGH 3RU LVVR D H[LVWrQFLD GH

XPD UHODomR GLUHWD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRP RV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

HP IDFH GR FDUiWHU XQLYHUVDO GHVWHV TXH LPS}HP jV FRPXQLGDGHV

QDFLRQDLVDH[LJrQFLDGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomRGHFHUWDVSRVLo}HVMXUtGLFDV

KLVWRULFDPHQWH H UDFLRQDOPHQWH UHFRQKHFLGDV FRPR LPSRUWDQWHV SDUD D

FRQFUHWL]DomRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD

$R ODGR GD GLPHQVmR VXEMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV TXH SRGH VHU UHFRQKHFLGD FRPR D SULQFLSDO H PDLV

DEUDQJHQWH RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WDPEpP RVWHQWDP XPD GLPHQVmR

GHQRPLQDGD GH REMHWLYD QD TXDO QmR HVWi LPSOtFLWD D LGpLD GR

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GLUHWR GH XPD SRVLomR MXUtGLFD LQGLYLGXDO HP IDYRU GH

GHWHUPLQDGR LQGLYtGXR RX JUXSR $ GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GHQRWD D LGpLD

FRQVHQVXDOQDGRXWULQDHXURSpLDQRVHQWLGRGHTXHD&RQVWLWXLomRHVSHOKD

³XP FRQMXQWR GH YDORUHV EiVLFRV H ILQV GLUHWLYRV GD DomR SRVLWLYD GRV

177

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 91.

178

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de direito constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 562.

SRGHUHVS~EOLFRV´FRQVWLWXLQGRGHFLV}HVIXQGDPHQWDLVGDFRPXQLGDGHTXH

YDOHP SDUD WRGRV RV SRGHUHV S~EOLFRV H FRP ³HILFiFLD HP WRGR R

RUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFR´





1D GRXWULQD SiWULD WHPVH HQWHQGLGR TXDQGR DR

IRUWDOHFLPHQWR GRJPiWLFR GHVVD QRYD SHUVSHFWLYD TXH VH WUDWD GD

³GHVFREHUWD RX UHGHVFREHUWD" GD SHUVSHFWLYD MXUtGLFRREMHWLYD GRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´ FXMRV OLPLWHV XOWUDSDVVDP R SDUkPHWUR GH

UHFRQKHFLPHQWRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVDSHQDVFRPRFOiVVLFRVGLUHLWRV

GH GHIHVD DVVXPLQGRVH SRUWDQWR ³QRYRV FRQWH~GRV´ TXH ³DVVXPHP

SDSHOGHDOWDUHOHYkQFLDQDFRQVWUXomRGHXPVLVWHPDHILFD]HUDFLRQDO´QD

HIHWLYDomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV ( WDO GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD UHYHOD

DLQGDDFRQVFLHQWL]DomRGD³LQVXILFLrQFLDGHXPDFRQFHSomRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVFRPRGLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRVGHGHIHVD´SDUDDJDUDQWLDGHXPD

OLEHUGDGHHIHWLYDSDUDWRGRV





2 IDWR p TXH D QDWXUH]D VXEMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV p D ³GLPHQVmR SULQFLSDO TXH DEUDQJH WRGDV DV IDFXOGDGHV

VXVFHSWtYHLV GH UHIHUrQFLD LQGLYLGXDO UHGX]LQGR D GLPHQVmR REMHFWLYD D

XPD ³SXUD GLPHQVmR REMHFWLYD´ HP TXH Vy WHP OXJDU RV FRQWH~GRV

QRUPDWLYRVDVJDUDQWLDVRXRVGHYHUHVDTXHQmRSRVVDPFRUUHVSRQGHU

GLUHLWRVLQGLYLGXDLV´



7RGDYLDDGLPHQVmRREMHWLYDQmRVHFRQVWLWXLGH

XPDVSHFWRFRPSOHWDPHQWH LVRODGRIDFH jSHUVSHFWLYDVXEMHWLYDSRLVQD

YHUGDGHHODLPSOLFDQRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHHIHLWRVMXUtGLFRVDGLFLRQDLVDRV

HIHLWRVFOiVVLFRVGRVGLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRVRTXHSRGHVHFKDPDUGH³PDLV

YDOLD MXUtGLFD QR VHQWLGR GH XP UHIRUoR GD MXULGLFLGDGH GDV QRUPDV GH

GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO´



 VHQGR FHUWR DLQGD TXH Ki UHODo}HV HQWUH DV

179

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 168.

180

Ibidem, p. 177.

181

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 117.

182

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 169.

GLYHUVDV GLPHQV}HV



 R TXH p PDLV RX PHQRV HYLGHQWH DQWH j

PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGHHFRPSOH[LGDGHHVWUXWXUDOGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

1D YLVmR GH 9LHLUD GH $QGUDGH D LGpLD GH GLUHLWR

VXEMHWLYRIXQGDPHQWDO



QmRH[SOLFDWRGDVDV FRQVHTrQFLDVMXUtGLFDVUHVXOWDQWHVGD

FRQVDJUDomR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV RX VHMD QmR DEDUFD

WRGD D UHOHYkQFLD MXUtGLFD GRV SUHFHLWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV

DWLQHQWHVDHVWDPDWpULD





(VWDV FRQVHTrQFLDV MXUtGLFDV FRQVLVWHP QR IHQ{PHQR

GH ³LUUDGLDomR´ GRV SUHFHLWRV GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV REMHWLYDPHQWH

FRQVLGHUDGRV VREUH WRGR R RUGHQDPHQWR MXUtGLFR QRWDGDPHQWH SRU

H[HPSORTXDQWRDRVLQVWLWXWRVMXUtGLFRVTXHQmRRVWHQWDPQRVUHVSHFWLYRV

kPELWRVQRUPDWLYRVXPDSURWHomRGLUHWDDRVEHQVMXUtGLFRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

PDV DSHQDV XPD JDUDQWLD LQGLUHWD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR DV JDUDQWLDV GH

FDUiWHU LQVWUXPHQWDO GHVWLQDGDV j UHDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV

LQGLYLGXDLVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVRUJDQL]DFLRQDLVSURFHGLPHQWDLVIXQFLRQDLV





3RU RXWUR ODGR p FHUWR TXH D GRXWULQD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

WUDWD GD TXHVWmR GD GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD FRP DOFDQFHV YDULDGRV





PRVWUDQGRGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGDLQIOXrQFLDGHVVDGLPHQVmRVREUHDRUGHP

MXUtGLFD QR TXH VH UHIHUH jV JDUDQWLDV LQVWLWXFLRQDLV j HILFiFLD

³KRUL]RQWDO´GRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVRXVHMDHILFiFLDHQWUHSDUWLFXODUHV

DR HIHLWR GH ³LUUDGLDomR´ SRU WRGD D RUGHP MXUtGLFD DRV GHYHUHV GH

SURWHomR GR (VWDGR FRQWUD D DJUHVVmR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRU

183

Ibidem, p. 171, na qual Ingo Sarlet atesta que a perspectiva objetiva ou dimensão objetiva pode servir para

impor restrições aos direitos subjetivos individuais, em face dos valores comunitários revelados por aquela.

184

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 142.

185

Ibidem, p. 142.

186

Cf. a propósito, a obra de Dimitri Dimoulis e Leonardo Martins, na qual os autores destacam os seguintes

efeitos da dimensão objetiva dos direitos fundamentais: parâmetro de controle de constitucionalidade, irradiação

na ordem jurídica como critério de interpretação da ordem infraconstitucional e a existência de deveres de

proteção. DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT,

2007, p. 118-131.

WHUFHLURVjVQRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DomRHSURFHGLPHQWRQHFHVViULDVSDUDXPD

HIHWLYDDSOLFDomRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV





+i WDPEpP DXWRUHV TXH PDMRUDP H[FHVVLYDPHQWH D

GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SDUD HQJOREDU WRGRV RV

DVSHFWRV TXH QmR GLJDP UHVSHLWR DRV FOiVVLFRV GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD H

RXWURVFRPR5REHUW$OH[\TXHDGPLWHPXPDSUHVXQomRGDH[LVWrQFLDGH

GLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRVQDPDWpULD TXHHQWUHWDQWRSRGHULDVHU LQILUPDGD





SRVLo}HVHVVDVTXHQmRVHSRGHPDFHLWDUWRWDOPHQWHSHORUDGLFDOLVPRTXH

DSUHVHQWDPPDVQRTXHVHUHIHUHjSUHVXQomRGDH[LVWrQFLDGHGLUHLWRV

VXEMHWLYRV



 GHYHVH DFHLWDU FRP UHVVDOYDV H[DWDPHQWH SRUTXH D

GLPHQVmR VXEMHWLYD DLQGD p D GLPHQVmR SULQFLSDO GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

$V JDUDQWLDV LQVWLWXFLRQDLV WrP FDUiWHU REMHWLYR H

LQVWUXPHQWDO H GL]HP UHVSHLWR jV REULJDo}HV GR (VWDGR GH JDUDQWLU

SURPRYHU HUHDOL]DU GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GRWLSR VXEMHWLYRSRU PHLR GH

QRUPDV TXH QmR VmR ³VXEMHWLYiYHLV´



 PDV TXH GHILQHP XP FRQMXQWR

QRUPDWLYRGHSURWHomRHPYROWDGHXPGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDOQRLQWXLWRGH

VXDHIHWLYDomRQDFRPXQLGDGH1RGL]HUGH9LHLUDGH$QGUDGH



7HPRV HP YLVWD EDVLFDPHQWH DV FKDPDGDV JDUDQWLDV

LQVWLWXFLRQDLVHPTXHXPFRQMXQWRMXUtGLFRQRUPDWLYRUHJXOD

XP GHWHUPLQDGR VHFWRU GD UHDOLGDGH HFRQ{PLFD VRFLDO RX

DGPLQLVWUDWLYD HP WRUQR GH XP ³GLUHLWR´ IXQGDPHQWDO H HP

YLVWDGDVXDUHDOL]DomR





187

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 115-116.

188

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 115-116.

189

Essa posição poderia ter respaldo no nosso texto constitucional, pois, quanto aos direitos fundamentais, há

norma garantindo a eficácia imediata (art. 5º, § 1º, CF/88), de forma que todos os direitos fundamentais, em

princípio, poderiam ser enquadrados como direitos subjetivos. Cf. MELLO, Cláudio Ari. Os direitos

fundamentais sociais e o conceito de direito subjetivo. Revista do Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n.

56, p. 105-138, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005.

190

Andrade Vieira dá exemplos da Constituição portuguesa - que também encontram similar na nossa

Constituição - de garantias institucionais, como a autonomia universitária e a liberdade de ensino à iniciativa

privada, que promovem o direito à educação. Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais

na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 143-144.

191

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 143.

3DUD ,QJR 6DUOHW DV JDUDQWLDV LQVWLWXFLRQDLV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVSURWHJHPGHWHUPLQDGDVLQVWLWXLo}HVMXUtGLFDVFRQVLGHUDGDV

IXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDDVRFLHGDGHHYLWDQGRTXHROHJLVODGRUSRVVDHVYD]Li

ODVSRU FRPSOHWRH DVVLPSURWHJHQGR R Q~FOHRHVVHQFLDO GDVPHVPDV





1RHQWHQGLPHQWRGRFLWDGRDXWRUVHULDPJDUDQWLDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVDIDPtOLD

D SURSULHGDGH D OtQJXD QDFLRQDO D VHJXULGDGH VRFLDO D DXWRQRPLD

XQLYHUVLWiULDHQWUHRXWUDV





&RPHIHLWRQRPHVPRVHQWLGRDSRQWD3DXOR%RQDYLGHV



$ JDUDQWLD LQVWLWXFLRQDO QmR SRGH GHL[DU GH VHU D SURWHomR

TXH D &RQVWLWXLomR FRQIHUH D DOJXPDV LQVWLWXLo}HV FXMD

LPSRUWkQFLD UHFRQKHFH IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD D VRFLHGDGH EHP

FRPR D FHUWRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SURYLGRV GH XP

FRPSRQHQWHLQVWLWXFLRQDOTXHRVFDUDFWHUL]D





2 FHUWR HQWUHWDQWR p TXH DSHVDU GD GLYLVmR FOiVVLFD

HQWUHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVXEMHWLYRVHDVJDUDQWLDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVQmR

VH SRGH QHJDU D LQWHUDomR HVWUHLWD HQWUH DPERV SRLV GLYHUVDV JDUDQWLDV

LQVWLWXFLRQDLV VmR FRQFUHWL]DGDV SRU PHLR GD HVWLSXODomR GH GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV



7RGDYLDD³IXQomRSUHFtSXDGDVJDUDQWLDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLV

GHVFRQVLGHUDGD DTXL VXD HYHQWXDO IXQomR FRPR GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR TXH

FRPR YLVWR SRGH FRH[LVWLU p D GH UHIRUoDU D SURWHomR GH GHWHUPLQDGDV

LQVWLWXLo}HVFRQWUDDDomRHURVLYDGROHJLVODGRU´





3RU RXWUR ODGR D GRXWULQD WHP HQWHQGLGR TXH D

GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WDPEpP VH PDQLIHVWD QR

HQWHQGLPHQWRGHTXHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVQmRVHDSOLFDPDSHQDVQD

UHODomR HQWUH R LQGLYtGXR H R (VWDGR PDV WDPEpP LQIRUPDP H

FRQGLFLRQDP DV UHODo}HV MXUtGLFDV HQWUH SDUWLFXODUHV H[DWDPHQWH SRU

192

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 212-213.

193

SARLET, Op. Cit., p. 213

194

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de direito constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 537.

195

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de direito constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 544-545. Nesse

texto, com inspiração em Canotilho, Bonavides cita o caso da “instituição imprensa livre”, que é indissociável

do direito subjetivo à liberdade de imprensa.

196

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 216.

GHFRUUHUHP GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV ³XPD LQWHQomR FRQIRUPDGRUD GD

RUGHPMXUtGLFD´



TXHQmRVHUHVWULQJHjUHODomRLQGLYtGXR(VWDGR

1HVVHFDVRDGLPHQVmRREMHWLYDLPSOLFDQXPDHILFiFLD

H[WHUQDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVIRUDGRkPELWRSUySULRGHDWXDomRTXH

YHP VHQGR FKDPDGD GH ³HILFiFLD SHUDQWH WHUFHLURV 'ULWWZLUNXQJ´



 RX

WDPEpPGHQRPLQDGDGHHILFiFLDKRUL]RQWDO SRUVH UHIHULUDXPD UHODomR

HQWUHLQGLYtGXRVVLWXDGRVQRPHVPRSODQRMXUtGLFRVHQGRHVWDHILFiFLDXP

³GRVPDLVUHOHYDQWHVGHVGREUDPHQWRVGDSHUVSHFWLYDREMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV´





e FHUWR TXH D GRXWULQD DLQGD GLVFXWH VH D HILFiFLD

SHUDQWHWHUFHLURVVHULDGLUHWDRXPHGLDWDVHQGRTXHQRSULPHLURFDVRRV

LQGLYtGXRV RSRULDP RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GLUHWDPHQWH FRQWUD RV

SDUWLFXODUHVHQTXDQWRQDVHJXQGDFRQFHSomRKDYHULDXPDLQWHUPHGLDomR

GR(VWDGRSDUDDSURWHomRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGRVLQGLYtGXRV1RWH

VHHQWUHWDQWRTXH D FRQFHSomRGDHILFiFLD GLUHWDFRQWUDRVSDUWLFXODUHV

SDUHFH IXJLU GR FRQFHLWR GD GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD QD PHGLGD HP TXH

DVVHPHOKDVHjGLPHQVmRVXEMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSRULQGLFDU

TXHH[LVWHQHVVDKLSyWHVHXPDSRVLomRMXUtGLFDVXEMHWLYDHIXQGDPHQWDO

H[HUFLWiYHOFRQWUDRXWUDSHVVRDSDUWLFXODU

$ GLPHQVmRREMHWLYD SRUWDQWR WHP PDLV D YHU FRPD

WHVHGDDSOLFDomRLQGLUHWDRXPHGLDWDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



GRQGH

WHPVHHQWHQGLGRTXHDR(VWDGRVmRDWULEXtYHLV³GHYHUHVGHSURWHomR´GRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSDUDDSURPRomRHSURWHomRGHVWHV

$VVLP WRGD D DWLYLGDGH HVWDWDO VHMD MXGLFLiULD VHMD

OHJLVODWLYDHQDWXUDOPHQWHDDGPLQLVWUDWLYDHVWDULDYLQFXODGDDRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VHQGR PHVPR SRVVtYHO IDODUVH HP XP ³SULQFtSLR GH

SURLELomRGHGpILFHXQWHUPD%YHUERWQRVWHUPRVGRTXDO R(VWDGRHVWi

197

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 145.

198

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 144.

199

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 174.

200

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 146.

REULJDGRDDVVHJXUDUXPQtYHOPtQLPRDGHTXDGRGHSURWHomRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV´VHQGRTXHHQWUHWDQWRQmRVHGHYHUDGLFDOL]DUHVVHGHYHU

GHSURWHomRSRLVRPHVPRRSHUDVREDFOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOH

GRSULQFtSLRGDOLEHUGDGHFRQVWLWXWLYDGROHJLVODGRU



DLQGDTXHHVWDQmR

VHMD LOLPLWDGD RX DUELWUiULD SRLV R OHJLVODGRU QmR SRGH RPLWLUVH GH

RIHUHFHU XP SDWDPDU PtQLPR GH SURWHomR DR Q~FOHR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

1HVVH VHQWLGR VHJXQGR ,QJR 6DUOHW FDEH DR (VWDGR

³]HODULQFOXVLYHSUHYHQWLYDPHQWHSHODSURWHomRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

GRV LQGLYtGXRV QmR VRPHQWH FRQWUD RV SRGHUHV S~EOLFRV´ VHQGROKH

LPSXWDGDDREULJDomRGH



>@ R (VWDGR DGRWDU PHGLGDV SRVLWLYDV GDV PDLV GLYHUVDV

QDWXUH]DV SRU H[HPSOR SRU PHLR GH SURLELo}HV

DXWRUL]Do}HV PHGLGDV OHJLVODWLYDV GH QDWXUH]D SHQDO HWF

FRP R REMHWLYR SUHFtSXR GH SURWHJHU GH IRUPD HIHWLYD R

H[HUFtFLRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV





3RGHVH D SURSyVLWR DWp PHVPR UHFRQKHFHU XPD

HVSpFLH GH VXEMHWLYDomR GRV GHYHUHV GH SURWHomR ³TXDQGR HVVDV

SUHVWDo}HVVHMDPHPDEVWUDWRSHUDQWHROHJLVODGRURXQRFDVRFRQFUHWR

SHUDQWHD$GPLQLVWUDomRRXRMXL]QHFHVViULDVjUHDOL]DomRGRFRQWH~GR

HVVHQFLDO GR GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO GH XP GHWHUPLQDGR LQGLYtGXR´ +DYHULD

³GLUHLWR VXEMHFWLYR j SURWHomR HVWDGXDO FRUUHVSHFWLYR GH XP GHYHU GH

SURWHFomRTXDQGRVHWUDWHGHXPDDWXDomRS~EOLFDTXHVHMDLQGLVSHQViYHO

jUHDOL]DomRRXjVDOYDJXDUGDGHXPGHWHUPLQDGRGLUHLWRVXEMHFWLYRQRV

VHXVDVSHFWRVQXFOHDUHV´





$ GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD WDPEpP UHYHODVH QR FDPSR

QRUPDWLYR GD RUJDQL]DomR GDV HQWLGDGHV S~EOLFDV H GR SURFHGLPHQWR

kPELWRQRUPDWLYRHVVH WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWHUHOHJDGRDR VHJXQGR SODQRSHOD

201

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 148-149.

202

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 175.

203

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 156.

LGpLDGHTXHRFDUiWHULQVWUXPHQWDOGHVWDVQRUPDVRXVHMDGHDSRLRDRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVXEVWDQFLDLVQmROKHVGDULDPPDLRUVWDWXVMXUtGLFR

7RGDYLD D GRXWULQD PDLV UHFHQWH FRP UD]mR WHP UHVJDWDGR R YDORU

GHVVDV QRUPDV SRLV ³D JHQHUDOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HPERUD

GH PRGRV GLIHUHQWHV H FRP LQWHQVLGDGHV GLYHUVDV WrP XPD UHODomR

LPSRUWDQWHFRPUHJUDVRUJDQL]DWyULDVHSURFHGLPHQWDLV´





'H IDWR Ki TXHP HQWHQGD TXH ³D RUJDQL]DomR H R

SURFHGLPHQWRSRGHPVHUFRQVLGHUDGRVHPPXLWRVRVFDVRVDWpPHVPRR

~QLFR PHLR SDUD DOFDQoDU XP UHVXOWDGR FRQIRUPH DRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVHGHDVVHJXUDUVXDHILFiFLD´



GHIRUPDTXHpUD]RiYHOD

FRQFOXVmRQRVHQWLGRGHTXHHVVDGLPHQVmRSURFHGLPHQWDOpGHH[WUHPD

LPSRUWkQFLD SDUD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QD

FRPXQLGDGHDWpPHVPRSRUTXHDGRXWULQDKRMHGHIHQGHXPD³LJXDOGDGH

GHGLJQLGDGH´HQWUHRVGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVHMDP

HOHVGHGHIHVDRXSUHVWDFLRQDLV





9HMDVHSRUH[HPSORRGLUHLWRDRYRWRTXHGHPDQGD

XP SURFHGLPHQWR FRPSOH[R H XPD RUJDQL]DomR HOHLWRUDO HILFLHQWH RX

PHVPR RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV D SUHVWDo}HV TXH WDPEpP GHPDQGDP XP

SURFHGLPHQWR H XPD HVWUXWXUD HVWDWDO RUJDQL]DWLYDSDUD VHFRQFOXLU TXH

RVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVHPSUHLPS}HPRUJDQL]DomRHSURFHGLPHQWRTXH

³VHMDPFRQIRUPDGDVQRVHQWLGRGHDVVHJXUDURH[HUFtFLRRXDHIHFWLYLGDGH

GHVVHVGLUHLWRV´





1DYHUGDGHDGLPHQVmRSURFHGLPHQWDORXRUJDQL]DWLYD

GRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVQmRGHYHVHUPLQRUDGDRXGHVYDORUL]DGDSRLV

FRPRVHVDEHDVLPSOHVGHFODUDomRQRUPDWLYDGHGLUHLWRVQmRpFRQGLomR

QHFHVViULD SDUD D HILFiFLD UHDO GRV PHVPRV 7DO HILFiFLD GHSHQGH GD

H[LVWrQFLDGHHVWUXWXUDVHVWDWDLVTXHSURPRYDPDVHJXUDQoDMXUtGLFDRX

204

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 150.

205

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 226. No caso, o autor refere-se a obra, escrita em alemão, do autor germânico Konrad Hesse.

206

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 223.

207

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 152.

VHMDDUD]RiYHOH[SHFWDWLYDGHFXPSULPHQWRGDVQRUPDVSHORVPHPEURV

GDFRPXQLGDGHRTXHVypSRVVtYHOQXP(VWDGRGH'LUHLWR'HPRFUiWLFR

PHGLDQWHDLQVWLWXLomRGHyUJmRVHSURFHGLPHQWRV

2XWUD FDUDFWHUtVWLFD GD GLPHQVmR RUJDQL]DFLRQDO H

SURFHGLPHQWDO GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV p TXH HOD FRQVWLWXLVH GH ³XP

DPSOR HVSHFWUR GH SRVLo}HV MXUtGLFDV´



 QRWDGDPHQWH FDXVDGD SHOD

GLYHUVLGDGH GH VLJQLILFDGRV VHPkQWLFRV GDV H[SUHVV}HV RUJDQL]DomR H

SURFHGLPHQWR 7RGDYLD FRPR IH] $OH[\ QR LQWXLWR GD IDFLOLWDomR

WHUPLQROyJLFD SRGHULDP VHU GHQRPLQDGRV VRE D UXEULFD ³GLUHLWRV DR

SURFHGLPHQWR´WRGRVRVGLUHLWRVRUJDQL]DFLRQDLVHSURFHGLPHQWDLVGDQGR

VHSDUDWDQWRjTXHODSULPHLUDH[SUHVVmRXPVHQWLGRDPSOR



$ LGpLD GH SURFHGLPHQWR MXVWLILFD UHXQLU VRE XP FRQFHLWR D

SOXUDOLGDGHGRVIHQ{PHQRVTXHVHHQFRQWUDPQRkPELWRGD

RUJDQL]DomR H GR SURFHGLPHQWR )UHQWH D LVWR D TXHVWmR

WHUPLQROyJLFD SDVVD D VHJXQGRSODQR(PYH]GH GLUHLWRV j

RUJDQL]DomR HDRSURFHGLPHQWR SRGHULD VH IDODU±SDUWLQGR

GH XP FRQFHLWR DPSOR GH SURFHGLPHQWR TXH WDPEpP

DEDUTXH DV QRUPDV GH RUJDQL]DomR ± VLPSOHVPHQWH GH

³GLUHLWRV DR SURFHGLPHQWR´ RX GH ³GLUHLWRV

SURFHGLPHQWDLV´





5HJLVWUHVH DLQGD TXH D GLPHQVmR RUJDQL]DWLYD H

SURFHGLPHQWDOREMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHVWiHPSDUWHDVVRFLDGD

jVJDUDQWLDVLQVWLWXFLRQDLVQRWDGDPHQWHSHODVXDLQVWUXPHQWDOLGDGHSRLV

QmR VmR QRUPDV TXH UHFRQKHFHP GLUHWDPHQWH GLUHLWRV VXEVWDQFLDLV PDV

JDUDQWHPDHIHWLYLGDGHGHVVHVGLUHLWRVSRUPHLRGHHVWUXWXUDVQRUPDWLYDV

HSURFHGLPHQWDLV

$GHPDLV QR TXH GL] UHVSHLWR D HILFiFLD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV IDFH WHUFHLURV RX HILFiFLD KRUL]RQWDO WDPEpP VH REVHUYD

XPDUHODomRHVWUHLWDHQWUHDVQRUPDVGHRUJDQL]DomRHSURFHGLPHQWRDR

³GHYHUHVGHSURWHomR´SRLVDREULJDomRGR(VWDGRGHSURPRYHUHSURWHJHU

208

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 226.

209

ALEXY, Robert. Teoría de los Derechos Fundamentales. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Madri, 1997,

p. 458.

RVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRPHQWHpSRVVtYHOPHGLDQWHDDWXDomRGHyUJmR

HVWDWDLVHWDPEpPSRUPHLRGHSURFHGLPHQWRVSUHYLDPHQWHHVWLSXODGRV





2XWUR HIHLWR GD GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQFHUQH j SUySULD LGpLD GD H[LVWrQFLD GH XP GLUHLWR

REMHWLYR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GD H[LVWrQFLD GH XP GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR

UHODFLRQDGR RX PHVPR GH XP GLUHLWR D SUHVWDomR D TXDO VH PRVWUD

HVVHQFLDOPHQWHQRFRQWUROHGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHH[HUFLGRREMHWLYDPHQWH

RXVHMDSRUPHLRGHFRQWUROHGLWR³FRQFHQWUDGR´VHPFRQVLGHUDo}HVDXP

FDVRFRQFUHWR3DUD9LHLUDGH$QGUDGH



$VVLPSDVVDPDVFRLVDVSRUH[HPSORQRTXH VH UHIHUHDR

HIHLWR GH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH $ LOHJLWLPLGDGH H D

FRQVHTHQWH LQYDOLGDGH GH XPD QRUPD RX GH XP DFWR GRV

SRGHUHV S~EOLFRV UHVXOWD GD VXD FRQWUDGLomR FRP DV

GLVSRVLo}HVQRUPDWLYDVRXFRPRVSULQFtSLRVFRQVDJUDGRVQD

&RQVWLWXLomR DEVWUDLQGR GD HYHQWXDOH[LVWrQFLDHRIHQVDGH

SRVLo}HVVXEMHFWLYDVDtJDUDQWLGDV





2 SDUkPHWUR GH FRQWUROH GD FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH p D

QRUPDGHGLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOREMHWLYD³VHQGRDEVROXWDPHQWHLUUHOHYDQWH

D FLUFXQVWkQFLD GH VH WUDWDU GH QRUPD TXH FRQILUD SRVLo}HV MXUtGLFDV

VXEMHFWLYDV´



 $R ODGR GHVVH DVSHFWR H FRP HOH UHODFLRQDGR HVWi D

LQWHUSUHWDomR GR GLUHLWR LQIUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO QR VHQWLGR GD SURFXUD GR

DOFDQFH LQWHUSUHWDWLYR TXH HVWHMD ³HP FRQIRUPLGDGH FRP RV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV´QDTXDOWDPEpPQmRHQWUDHPMRJRDGLPHQVmRVXEMHWLYD

GRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV





$VVLP FRPR VH QRWD GDV OLQKDV DFLPD D GLPHQVmR

VXEMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV DLQGD JR]D GD SULPD]LD QD GRXWULQD

PRGHUQD GR GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO QRWDGDPHQWH SRUTXH DV RUGHQV

MXUtGLFDV PRGHUQDV VmR FRQVWLWXtGDV HVVHQFLDOPHQWH VREUH R LQVWLWXWR GR

210

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 153.

211

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 158.

212

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 158-159.

213

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p 159.

GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR $ GRXWULQD HVWUDQJHLUD DWp DQRWD D H[LVWrQFLD GH XPD

³SUHVXQomR D IDYRU GD GLPHQVmR VXEMHFWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´

UHVVDOWDQGR D ³WHVH GR LQGLYLGXDOLVPR´ TXH DFDUUHWD D DWULEXLomR GH

SUHUURJDWLYDVGLUHWDVLQGLYLGXDLVDFDGDPHPEURGDFRPXQLGDGHGLUHLWRV

VXEMHWLYRV





( QR TXH UHVSHLWD j QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH

 QDGD Ki QR VHX WH[WR TXH SRVVD QHJDU HVVD FRQFOXVmR TXH QRV

FKHJD SRU PHLR GR HQVLQDPHQWR GH MXULVWDV HXURSHXV 3HOR FRQWUiULR D

&DUWDGHHVWiUHFKHDGDGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGHWRGRVRVWLSRVH

SHUILV LGHROyJLFRV Mi UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOD GRXWULQD HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR ORFDO

SUySULRGR 7tWXOR,, TXHUHODFLRQD GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLVGH GHIHVDGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR H GLUHLWRV GH

QDFLRQDOLGDGH

$GHPDLV QD QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR H[LVWH GLVSRVLWLYR TXH

H[SUHVVDPHQWH GHWHUPLQDD ³LPHGLDWDDSOLFDomR´ GDVQRUPDV GHILQLGRUDV

GRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



GRQGHFRQFOXLVHTXHKiHPSULQFtSLRSHOR

PHQRVQRTXHVHUHIHUHDRGLUHLWREUDVLOHLURXPDSUHVXQomRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

GDH[LVWrQFLDGHGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRPDVTXHSRGHVHUGHVFDUDFWHUL]DGDSHOD

HVSHFLILFLGDGH GH GHWHUPLQDGRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRPR RFRUUH SRU

H[HPSORHPIDFHGHDOJXQVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLV



'LUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGHGHIHVDGLUHLWRVDSUHVWDo}HVHGLUHLWRVGH

SDUWLFLSDomR



2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQVLVWHP QXP VLVWHPD

MXUtGLFR GRWDGR GH FRPSOH[LGDGH H DSUHVHQWDP XPD PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGH

GHFRUUHQWHV GD YDULHGDGH GH IXQo}HV TXH RVWHQWDP QD RUGHP MXUtGLFR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO QmR VH UHVWULQJLQGR HOHV D QRUPDV WmRVRPHQWH

214

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 1179.

215

Art. 5, 1º, da Constituição Federal de 1988.

UHODFLRQDGDVDGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDFRQWUDDWRVHVWDWDLV



HPTXHSHVHWHU

VLGRHVWDFRQFHSomRLQLFLDOGHIRUPXODomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVRVTXDLV

IRUDP SRVLWLYDGRV SRVWHULRUPHQWH DOFDQoDQGR R VWDWXV GH GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

(WDO³PXOWLIXQFLRQDOLGDGH´GHFRUUHGRSUySULR³FDUiFWHU

FRPSURPLVVyULR GD &RQVWLWXLomR H D VtQWHVH GLDOpFWLFD SRU HOD RSHUDGD

HQWUHRV GLUHLWRVGH³YiULDV JHUDo}HV´´



1HVVH VHQWLGRD &RQVWLWXLomR

SRUWXJXHVD H D EUDVLOHLUD LQFRUSRUDUDP GH IRUPD GLDOpWLFD GLYHUVDV

WHRULDV GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV OLEHUDO VRFLDO IXQFLRQDO RUGHP GH

YDORUHV GHPRFUiWLFRIXQFLRQDO TXH QmR VH UHFRQGX]HP ³D HVTXHPDV

WHyULFRVSXURV





$FRPSOH[LGDGHGDVGLYHUVDVHVWUXWXUDVQRUPDWLYDVGRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WRUQD D WDUHID GH FODVVLILFDomR VREUHPRGR GLItFLO

VREUHDTXDOWrPVHGHEUXoDGRGLYHUVRVDXWRUHVQDFLRQDLVHHVWUDQJHLURV

VHP VH FKHJDU D XP FRQVHQVR LGHDO



 3RU RXWUR ODGR SDUD 9LHLUD GH

$QGUDGHDFRPSOH[LGDGHHDKHWHURJHQHLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

LPSOLFDP QXPD DPSOD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FODVVLILFDomR VHJXQGR FULWpULRV

YDULDGRV TXDQWRSRU H[HPSORj ³WLWXODULGDGH HDRVVXMHLWRV TXDQWRDR

FRQWH~GR RX DR REMHFWR TXDQWR j HVWUXWXUD TXDQWR DR PRGR GH

SURWHFomRTXDQWRjIRUoDMXUtGLFDHHPJHUDOTXDQWRDRUHJLPH´





1RWHVH SRU H[HPSOR TXH DOJXQV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

SUHYLVWRVQD&RQVWLWXLomRQmRVHHQTXDGUDPFRPRGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLV

DVVLPFRPRKiGLUHLWRVLQGLYLGXDLVHOHQFDGRVQRDUWGD&RQVWLWXLomRGH

 TXH QmR VmR SURSULDPHQWH GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD KDYHQGR SRU RXWUR

216

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 182. Nessa parte da obra, o autor cita o jurista alemão Bleckmann, que relacionou nada menos que 12

(doze) funções dos direitos fundamentais, entre elas: direitos de defesa, direitos de participação, ordem de

valores, deveres fundamentais, direitos fundamentais como deveres de proteção, entre outras.

217

A referência é à Constituição portuguesa de 1976, mas pode igualmente ser relacionada à Constituição

brasileira de 1988. Cf. CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 1999, p. 1308-1309.

218

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 1309.

219

Sobre as diversas classificações na doutrina estrangeira e brasileira, Cf. SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia

dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 186-197.

220

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 177.

ODGRHPDOJXQVFDVRVXPDFHUWDVXSHUSRVLomRHQWUHQRUPDVGHILQLGRUDV

GHGLUHLWRVGHOLEHUGDGHHQRUPDVJDUDQWLGRUDVGHSUHVWDo}HVHPVHQWLGR

DPSOR





9HMDVH H[JU R FDVR GR GLUHLWR DR DPSOR DFHVVR j

-XVWLoD TXH SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGR XP GLUHLWR SUHVWDFLRQDO PDV HVWi

LQVHULGR QR DUW  GD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO QR TXDO SUHGRPLQDP

FODUDPHQWHRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVD3RURXWURODGRRGLUHLWRjOLEHUGDGHGH

DVVRFLDomRVLQGLFDOVHULDPDLVDSUR[LPDGRDXPGLUHLWRGHGHIHVDDSHVDU

GHFRQVWDUGRFDStWXORGD&RQVWLWXLomRUHODWLYRDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV





&RQWXGR QR SUHVHQWH WUDEDOKR DGRWDVH XPD

FODVVLILFDomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV D SDUWLU GRVGLIHUHQWHV FRQWH~GRV

REMHWRV QRUPDWLYRV SULQFLSDLV GH FDGD JUXSR GH GLUHLWRV SDUkPHWUR

FODVVLILFDWyULR HVVH TXH SRGHVH GHQRPLQDU GH ³FULWpULR PDWHULDO´ GH

UHSDUWLomR WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH VH DQDOLVD R REMHWR RX FRQWH~GR GRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV





$ FODVVLILFDomR PDWHULDO GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV RV

GLYLGHPHPWUrVJUDQGHVJUXSRVRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDRVGLUHLWRVj

SDUWLFLSDomR H RV GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV ± HVWHV ~OWLPDV GLYLGLGDV HP

MXUtGLFDVHIiWLFDVFODVVLILFDomRHVVDDGRWDGDSRU9LHLUDGH$QGUDGHHP

3RUWXJDOHSRGHVHUWUDQTXLODPHQWHDGRWDGDQR%UDVLOWHQGRHPYLVWDDV

HVSpFLHV QRUPDWLYDV GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SUHYLVWDV QR 7tWXOR ,, GD

&RQVWLWXLomRGH

'H IDWR QD UHDOLGDGH FRQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUD SRGHVH

UHFRQKHFHUQRWH[WRGD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGHFRPFODUH]DDVWUrV

FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV UHFRQKHFLGDV SHOD GRXWULQD

SRUWXJXHVDDGLUHLWRVDDEVWHQo}HVHVWDWDLVQDHVIHUDSDUWLFXODUVWDWXV

221

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 195.

222

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 203-204.

223

Essa é a expressão utilizada por Perez Luño, sendo que este autor divide os direitos fundamentais em dois

grandes grupos, de acordo com a Constituição da Espanha: liberdades públicas e direitos sociais. Cf. LUÑO,

Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 171.

QHJDWLYXV E GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV SRVLWLYDV GH FXQKR VRFLDO VWDWXV

SRVLWLYXVHFGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRVHGHSDUWLFLSDomRVWDWXVDFWLYXV





7DPEpP DSUHVHQWD FODVVLILFDomR VHPHOKDQWH -RVp

$IRQVRGD6LOYDHPTXHSHVHUHFRQKHFHUH[LVWLUHPGLYHUVDVFODVVLILFDo}HV

GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV 3DUD -RVH $IRQVR GD 6LOYD RV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV DSUHVHQWDP D VHJXLQWH GLYLVmR D GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV

UHODFLRQDGRV j DXWRQRPLD SDUWLFXODU IUHQWH j FROHWLYLGDGH H R (VWDGR E

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FROHWLYRV QR VHQWLGR GH GLUHLWRV GR KRPHP

HQTXDQWR PHPEUR GH XPD FROHWLYLGDGH F GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GR

³KRPHPVRFLDO´UHODFLRQDGRVjFRQGLomRVRFLDORXFXOWXUDOGRVLQGLYtGXRV

GGLUHLWRVGHQDFLRQDOLGDGHTXHREMHWLYDPDGHILQLomRGRVFULWpULRVGHVWD

H SRU ILP H GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GR ³KRPHPFLGDGmR´ RV GLUHLWRV

SROtWLFRVTXHVmROLJDGRVjSDUWLFLSDomRQDYLGDSROtWLFDGDFRPXQLGDGH





9rVH SRLV QD YHUGDGH TXH DSHVDU GH OLJHLUDV

GLYHUJrQFLDV GRXWULQiULDV RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRGHP VHU GLYLGLGRV

HP WUrV JUDQGHV WLSRORJLDV D VDEHU D RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV FOiVVLFRV

JDUDQWLGRUHVGD DXWRQRPLD H OLEHUGDGHV LQGLYLGXDLVIUHQWH DR (VWDGR H j

FROHWLYLGDGH TXH LPSOLFDP JHUDOPHQWH HP DWXDomR QHJDWLYD GR (VWDGR

SRU LVVR TXH VmR WDPEpP GHQRPLQDGRV GH GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD E RV

GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV HP VHQWLGR DPSOR TXH SRGHP VHU VRFLDLV RX

UHODFLRQDGRV DRV GHYHUHV HVWDWDLV GH SURWHomR RV TXDLV GHPDQGDP HP

JHUDO XPD DWXDomR SRVLWLYD GR (VWDGR FRPXPHQWH VLJQLILFDQGR D

QHFHVVLGDGH GH RIHUHFLPHQWR GH SUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLV SHOR (VWDGR

GLUHWDPHQWH DRV LQGLYtGXRV FRPR PHLR GH PLQRUDU DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV

VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDVJHUDGDVSHORVLVWHPDGHSURGXomRFDSLWDOLVWD

1RFDVRGRVGHYHUHVGHSURWHomRDDWXDomRSRVLWLYDGR

(VWDGR p QR VHQWLGR GH SURWHomR GD OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO H GH RXWURV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGH GHIHVDFRQWUDDWDTXHV GR (VWDGR HWDPEpPGH

RXWURVSDUWLFXODUHVHFRVGLUHLWRVGHSDUWLFLSDomRSROtWLFDTXHSHUPLWHP

224

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT,

2007, p. 63-68, os quais baseiam-se na famosa lição do publicista alemão Georg Jellinek.

225

SILVA, José Afonso da. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999,

p. 186-187.

D DWXDomR GR LQGLYtGXR QD HVFROKD GRV JRYHUQDQWHV H QD LQJHUrQFLD GRV

QHJyFLRVHVWDWDLVFRPRSRUH[HPSORRGLUHLWRDRYRWRSDVVLYRRXDWLYR

RGLUHLWRGHSHWLomRRGLUHLWRGHDFHVVRDRVFDUJRVS~EOLFRVHWF

5HVVDOWHVHHQWUHWDQWR FRPR Mi DGLDQWDGR DQWHVTXH

RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQVWLWXHPVH GH FDWHJRULD FRPSOH[D H FRP

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GLYHUVDV H LQWHUGHSHQGHQWHV VHPSUH FRQHFWDGRV DR

SULQFtSLRHVVHQFLDORXDRGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDOSRUH[FHOrQFLDGDGLJQLGDGH

GDSHVVRDKXPDQDFRPREHPDQRWDGRSRU$OIRQVR0LJXHO5XL]





4XDQWR DRV GLUHLWR GH GHIHVD FRQVLGHUDPVH HVWHV RV

WtSLFRV GLUHLWRV GH OLEHUGDGH GH RULJHP OLEHUDO FOiVVLFD TXH VHULDP

EORTXHLRVHPIDYRUGDDXWRQRPLDKXPDQDFRQWUDLQJHUrQFLDVLQGHYLGDVGR

(VWDGRHLYDGDVGHDEXVRGHSRGHURXDUELWUDULHGDGH7UDWDVHGDSULPHLUD

GLPHQVmR ± RX JHUDomR SDUD RV TXH DGRWDP HVWH WHUPR ± GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVDTXDOWHPQtWLGDSUHFHGrQFLDKLVWyULFDD SDUWLUGRVLGHDLV

OLEHUDLVHLOXPLQLVWDVGD(XURSDGRV6pFXORV;9,,H;9,,,HTXHLPSOLFDUDP

QD LQFRUSRUDomR GH GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD ± H GH FHUWD IRUPD WDPEpP GRV

GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR ± QDV SULPHLUDV FRQVWLWXLo}HV SyV

UHYROXFLRQiULDV





$LQGD TXH QRYDV GLPHQV}HV RX JHUDo}HV GH GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVWHQKDPVLGRLQFRUSRUDGDVjGLPHQVmROLEHUDORFHUWRpTXH

D SULPHLUD GLPHQVmR UHYHODGD DLQGD ³FRQWLQXD RFXSDQGR XP OXJDU GH

GHVWDTXH WUDQVFRUULGRV PDLV GH GX]HQWRV DQRV GH KLVWyULD GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV´





2V GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD H[SULPHP XP ³GHYHU GH

DEVWHQomR´ SRU SDUWH GR (VWDGR HP IDYRU GH XP ³HVSDoR GH

226

O autor explica a classificação tradicional entre os direitos civis (individuais), políticos (estes dois

considerados liberais) e sociais, mas depois critica a rígida diferenciação entre direitos liberais e sociais, na

medida em que existem diversos pontos em comum entre as duas categorias, como, por exemplo, o fato de

que ambos os direitos operam custos para o Estado. Cf. MIGUEL, Alfonso Ruiz. Derechos liberales y

derechos sociales. Disponível em:

<http://descargas.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/doxa/01361620824573839199024/cuaderno15/v

olII/doxa15_09.pdf>. Acesso em: 05/07/2007.

227

Sobre o conceito de liberalismo clássico e sua influência no constitucionalismo moderno, cf. DIPPEL, Horst.

História do Constitucionalismo Moderno: novas perspectivas. Lisboa: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 2007, p.

66-76.

228

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 197.

DXWRGHWHUPLQDomR LQGLYLGXDO´ R TXDO p GLUHWDPHQWH UHIHULGR DR SULQFtSLR

GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD H GHVWLQDVH D SURWHJHU EHQV HVVHQFLDLV DR OLYUH

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD YLGD KXPDQD YLGD KRQUD LQWLPLGDGH HWF



 2V

GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD REMHWLYDP SRUWDQWR ³DIDVWDU TXDLVTXHU SRVVLELOLGDGHV

GHLQWHUYHQo}HVDUELWUiULDVQDHVIHUDLQGLYLGXDO´





eFHUWR DLQGD TXH D FRQFHSomR LQLFLDOGRV GLUHLWRVGH

GHIHVD LQGLFDYD TXH R VXMHLWR SDVVLYR UHVSHFWLYR VHULD DSHQDV R (VWDGR

PDVHQWUHWDQWRQmRKiLPSHGLPHQWRGDH[LVWrQFLDFRPRYLVWRDQWHVGH

XPD HILFiFLD KRUL]RQWDO ± RX HILFiFLD  FRQWUD WHUFHLURV ± GRV GLUHLWRV GH

GHIHVDSRLVpIDWRHYLGHQWHTXHSDUWLFXODUHVWDPEpPSRGHPFDXVDUGDQRV

DRVPHVPRVEHQVMXUtGLFRVSURWHJLGRVFRQWUDLQWHUYHQo}HVHVWDWDLV

'HIDWRSDUD9LHLUDGH$QGUDGH



3RU VXD YH] RV GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD QD VXD GLPHQVmR

SULPiULD SRGHULDP VHU FRQILJXUDGRV FRPR GLUHLWRV D

SUHVWDo}HVQHJDWLYDVVREUHWXGRVHHQWHQGLGRVFRPRGLUHLWRV

TXHYDOHPDSHQDVQDVUHODo}HVHQWUHLQGLYtGXRVHR(VWDGR

TXH VHULD HQWmR R WLWXODU LGHQWLILFDGR GHVVH GHYHU GH QmR

LQWURPLVVmR &RQWXGR JUDQGH SDUWH GHVVHV GLUHLWRV ± FRPR

DFRQWHFHFRPDVOLEHUGDGHVHPXLWRVGRVGLUHLWRVSHVVRDLV

GHYHP VHU YLVWRV FRPR GLUHLWRV LQWUDQVLWLYRV RX GLUHLWRV

DEVROXWRVDRVTXDLVFRUUHVSRQGHGRODGRSDVVLYRXPGHYHU

JHUDO GH UHVSHLWR H GH DEVWHQomR TXH QmR FDEHUi HQWmR

DSHQDVDR(VWDGR





e FHUWR DLQGD D FRQVLGHUDomR GH TXH WDPEpP QR

FDPSRGRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVD±HWDPEpPQRVGLUHLWRVGHSDUWLFLSDomR

Ki WDPEpP HVSDoR SDUD REULJDo}HV SRVLWLYDV GR (VWDGR SRLV DOLDGR DR

GLUHLWRGHQmRLQWHUYHQomRHVWDWDOLQGHYLGDKiRGLUHLWRjVXVSHQVmRGRDWR

DUELWUiULR H PHVPR R GLUHLWR j UHSRVLomR DR VWDWXV TXR SRU PHLR GH

DQXODomR GH DWRV DGPLQLVWUDWLYRV RX LQGHQL]Do}HV



 &RP HIHLWR SDUD D

229

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 178.

230

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT, 2007,

p. 67.

231

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 181.

232

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 179-180.

UHSRVLomR j VLWXDomR DQWHULRU j OHVmR MXUtGLFD FRQWUDR GLUHLWR GH GHIHVD

PXLWDV YH]HV QHFHVVLWD R LQGLYtGXR GH XP VXSRUWH HVWDWDO FRPR SRU

H[HPSOR RV VHUYLoRV MXGLFLiULRV RX D RUJDQL]DomR GH XP SURFHGLPHQWR

DGPLQLVWUDWLYRGHIRUPDTXHGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDWDPEpPVmRUHODFLRQDGRV

GHQWURGDFRPSOH[DHPXOWLIDFHWDGDHVWUXWXUDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

FRPGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVDFDUJRGR(VWDGR

1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR DR GLUHLWR D SUHVWDo}HV R (VWDGR

VHULDMXULGLFDPHQWHREULJDGRSRUIRUoDGD&RQVWLWXLomRDWRPDUPHGLGDV

PDWHULDLVRXMXUtGLFDV±LQFOXVLYHQRUPDWLYDV±SDUDDSURWHomRGH³EHQV

MXUtGLFRV SURWHJLGRV SHORV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´ LQFOXVLYH FRQWUD Do}HV

GH WHUFHLURV H QmR Vy FRQWUD DWRV H RPLVV}HV HVWDWDLV 7DLV SUHVWDo}HV

SRGHULDP VHU HQTXDGUDGDV FRPR ³SUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLV LQWHUYHQomR

SROLFLDORXSUHVWDomRGHHQVLQRHFXLGDGRVPpGLFRVRXMXUtGLFDVHPLVVmR

GHQRUPDLVSHQDLVRXUHJXODPHQWDomRGDVUHODo}HVGHWUDEDOKR´





1RWHVH HQWmR TXH RV GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV QmR

HQYROYHPDSHQDVRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHPVHQWLGRHVWULWRTXHGL]HPUHVSHLWR

DR SULQFtSLR GH LJXDOGDGH VRFLRHFRQ{PLFD IiWLFD PDWHULDO GRV PHPEURV

GD FROHWLYLGDGH PDV WDPEpP HQYROYHP D LPSOHPHQWDomR LQGLUHWD GH

GLUHLWRVWLGRVFRPRGHGHIHVDRXLQGLYLGXDLVFOiVVLFRV

'H IDWR RV GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV HP VHQWLGR DPSOR

³QmR VH UHVWULQJHP ± FRPR Mi GHPRQVWUDGR ± DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

FRQVLGHUDGRVHVWHVHPVXDGLPHQVmRSUHVWDFLRQDO´H³DEUDQJHPXPIHL[H

FRPSOH[R H QmR QHFHVVDULDPHQWH XQLIRUPH GH SRVLo}HV MXUtGLFDV TXH

SRGHPYDULDUTXDQWRDRVHX REMHWRVHXGHVWLQDWiULRH PHVPRTXDQWR j

VXDHVWUXWXUDMXUtGLFRSRVLWLYD´





&RPHIHLWRSRUH[HPSORSDUDDSURWHomRGR GLUHLWRj

YLGDQmRVHH[LJHDSHQDVDDEVWHQomRGR(VWDGRPDVWDPEpPTXHHVWH

FULH FRQGLo}HV PDWHULDLV H MXUtGLFDV SDUD D SURWHomR GHVWH EHP MXUtGLFR

FRQWUD Do}HV GH SDUWLFXODUHV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR D PDQXWHQomR GH XP

233

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 179.

234

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 219.

DSDUDWR GH VHJXUDQoD S~EOLFD H D SUHYLVmR QRUPDWLYD GD H[LVWrQFLD GH

FULPHVFRQWUDDYLGDHDFRQVHTHQWHHHILFD]DomRUHSUHVVLYDHVWDWDO3RU

LVVRpTXHPXLWDVYH]HVDGRXWULQDVHUHIHUHjH[LVWrQFLDGH³GHYHUHVGH

SURWHomR´GR(VWDGRFRPRUHIOH[RGHXPDGLPHQVmRREMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV H TXH LPSRUWDP HP Do}HV ± SUHVWDo}HV QRUPDWLYDV H

IiWLFDV ± TXH WDPEpP VH GLUHFLRQDP j HILFiFLD VRFLDO GRV GLUHLWRV GH

GHIHVD

&RQWXGRDOJXQVDXWRUHVUHVWULQJHPDLGpLDGHGLUHLWRV

SUHVWDFLRQDLV DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV UHGX]LQGR HVVD FRQFHSomR DRV GLUHLWRV

TXHLPS}HPXPDDWXDomRGR(VWDGR³QRLQWXLWRGHPHOKRUDUDVFRQGLo}HV

DV FRQGLo}HV GH YLGD JDUDQWLQGR RV SUHVVXSRVWRV PDWHULDLV QHFHVViULRV

SDUDRH[HUFtFLRGDOLEHUGDGH´



PDVHVVDYLVmRUHVWULWLYDQmRSDUHFHVHU

D PDLV UD]RiYHO SRLV p HYLGHQWH TXH H[LVWHP GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV TXH

QmRGL]HPUHVSHLWRDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHPVHQWLGRHVWULWR

7RGDYLD p FHUWR TXH RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV RFXSDP XP

OXJDU FHQWUDO QR FRQMXQWR GRV GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV SRLV R ³FRQWH~GR

SULQFLSDO WtSLFR GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV FRQVLVWH HP SUHVWDo}HV HVWDWDLV

VXMHLWDV j FRQIRUPDomR SROtWLFROHJLVODWLYD´



 FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R

GLUHLWRjVD~GHjHGXFDomRHDRVDOiULRPtQLPRHPSDGUmRUD]RiYHO9DOH

UHJLVWUDU D SURSyVLWR TXH QR FDVR GD QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR EUDVLOHLUD GH

VmRGLYHUVRVRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSUHVWDFLRQDLVHOHQFDGRVQRFRUSRGR

VHXDUWEHPFRPRHPSUHFHLWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGLVSHUVRVQRUHVWDQWH

GR WH[WR FRPR SRU H[HPSOR p R FDVR GR GLUHLWR j HGXFDomR LQFOXVLYH

SUHYLVWRFRPRGLUHLWRS~EOLFRVXEMHWLYRQRDUWGD&DUWD3ROtWLFD

3RU LVVR p TXH ,QJR 6DUOHW DILUPD TXH ³RV GLUHLWRV D

SUHVWDo}HV HQFRQWUDUDP XPD UHFHSWLYLGDGH VHP SUHFHGHQWHV QR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR SiWULR´ QRWDGDPHQWH SRUTXH Ki XP ³FDStWXOR

HVSHFLDOPHQWH GHGLFDGR DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV QR FDWiORJR GRV GLUHLWRV H

235

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT, 2007,

p. 67.

236

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 385.

JDUDQWLDV IXQGDPHQWDLV´



 &RP HIHLWR D &RQVWLWXLomR GH 

UHFRQKHFHX GH IRUPD FODUD DGLPHQVmRVRFLDO GRV GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

DRH[SRUGHIRUPDDQDOtWLFDGLYHUVRVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVFRQILUPDQGRD

RSomRFRPRYLVWRDQWHVGR3RGHU&RQVWLWXLQWHSRUXP(VWDGR6RFLDOQRV

PROGHVGRVSDtVHVGD(XURSD2FLGHQWDOGRSyV*XHUUD

( QR kPELWR GD WLSRORJLD GRV GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV

SRGHVHVXEGLYLGLORVHPGRLVJUXSRVDGLUHLWRVDSUHVWDo}HVHPVHQWLGR

DPSORHQJOREDQGRRVGLUHLWRVGHSURWHomR±UHODFLRQDGRVFRPRVGHYHUHV

GH SURWHomR ± H RV GLUHLWRV j RUJDQL]DomR H DR SURFHGLPHQWR TXH QmR

H[SULPHPDLGpLDGHXPGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRHEGLUHLWRVDSUHVWDo}HVHP

VHQWLGRHVWULWRVHQGRTXHHVWHVLPSOLFDPHPGLUHLWRVDRUHFHELPHQWRGR

(VWDGRGHSUHVWDo}HVPDWHULDLVTXHVmREHPH[HPSOLILFDGRVSHORVGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVSUHVWDFLRQDLV





+i WDPEpP TXHP VH UHILUD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR R

MXULVWDOXVLWDQR*RPHV&DQRWLOKRSRUH[HPSORDXPDGLYLVmRGRVGLUHLWRV

D ³DFo}HV SRVLWLYDV´ GR (VWDGR HQWUH SUHVWDo}HV IiWLFDV H SUHVWDo}HV

MXUtGLFDV



VHQGRTXHDVSULPHLUDVVHULDPDo}HVPDWHULDLVGR(VWDGRHP

IDYRUGRVLQGLYtGXRVFRPRpRFDVRGDVSUHVWDo}HVSUHYLGHQFLiULDVHDV

VHJXQGDV FRQVLVWLULDP HP ³SUHVWDo}HV QRUPDWLYDV´ UHODFLRQDGDV HVWDV

FRP RV GHYHUHV GH SURWHomR



 7DO FODVVLILFDomR HQWUHWDQWR SRGH VHU

UHODFLRQDGDGHIRUPDHTXLYDOHQWHjGLYLVmRGRVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVHQWUH

DVFRQFHSo}HVDPSODHUHVWULWD

8P H[HPSOR GH GLUHLWR j SUHVWDomR HP VHQWLGR DPSOR

VHULD D QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO TXH OLPLWD D MRUQDGD GH WUDEDOKR DUW 

;,,, GD &RQVWLWXLomR GH  SRLV LPSOLFD QR GHYHU HVWDWDO GH

237

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 218.

238

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 196-197.

239

Termos análogos também são utilizados por Robert Alexy, para quem os direitos a prestações subdividem-se

em direitos a ações fáticas e direitos a ações normativas, os quais compreendem o conjunto de “direitos a algo”

juntamente com os direitos de não-interferência. Estes últimos componentes de um sistema mais amplo de

direitos fundamentais ao lado das liberdades e das competências. Cf. ALEXY, Robert. Teoría de los Derechos

Fundamentales. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Madri, 1997, p. 186; 194-195.

240

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 1181.

ILVFDOL]DomR TXDQWR DR VHX FXPSULPHQWR SHORV HPSUHJDGRUHV GLUHLWR j

RUJDQL]DomR GH XPD HVWUXWXUD DGPLQLVWUDWLYD H WDPEpP QR GHYHU GH

OHJLVODUSUHYHQGRSHQDOLGDGHVFRQWUDRVLQIUDWRUHV

$VVLPXP GLUHLWRVRFLDO



SRGH VHUHQTXDGUDGRFRPR

GLUHLWRSUHVWDFLRQDOHPVHQWLGRDPSORSRLVQmRHQYROYHHQWUHJDGHEHQV

RXVHUYLoRVGHIRUPDGLUHWD-iXPGLUHLWRSUHVWDFLRQDOHPVHQWLGRUHVWULWR

SUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLV RX IiWLFDV VHULD R GLUHLWR DR SDJDPHQWR GH XP

VDOiULR PtQLPR SDUD RV LGRVRV H GHILFLHQWH SUHYLVWR QR DUW  9 GD

&RQVWLWXLomR GH  TXH VH GHVWLQD D SRVVLELOLWDU R LPSOHPHQWR GR

PtQLPR H[LVWHQFLDO DTXHOHV GRWDGRV GH SDUFRV RX QHQKXP UHFXUVRV

PDWHULDLV

1RWHVH D SURSyVLWR XPD UHODomR HQWUH RV FKDPDGRV

³GHYHUHVGHSURWHomR´FRPRH[WUDomRGDGLPHQVmRREMHWLYDGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV H R SULPHLUR GLUHLWR SUHVWDFLRQDO FLWDGR SUHVWDomR

QRUPDWLYDHRUJDQL]DFLRQDOTXHQHVVHFDVRWDPEpPWHULDXPFDUiWHUGH

GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR



 SRLV R HPSUHJDGRU SRGH GHGX]LU SUHWHQVmR MXGLFLDO

GLUHWDPHQWHFRQWUDRHPSUHJDGRUSDUDID]HUYDODUDQRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

&DEH UHOHPEUDU DTXL TXH RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WDPEpP SRGHP VHU

RSRVWRVFRQWUDSDUWLFXODUHV

(QWUHWDQWR RV GHYHUHV GH SURWHomR GHFRUUHP GD

SHUVSHFWLYD REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV H WrP FRPR UHYHUVR GD

PHGDOKDVRVGLUHLWRVDSUHVWDo}HVHPVHQWLGRDPSOR



PDVHPUHJUDQmR

LQGX]HPDGLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRVLQGLYLGXDOL]iYHLV

'Dt GHFRUUH TXH RV GLUHLWRV j SURWHomR VLJQLILFDP R

GLUHLWR TXH RV LQGLYtGXRV WrP FRQWUD R (VWDGR SDUD TXH HVWH RV SURWHMD

FRQWUDLQWHUYHQo}HVGHWHUFHLURVQRkPELWRGHVHXVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

241

Entende-se, aqui, direito social como o tipo de direito que implica numa tentativa de promoção da igualdade

fática na comunidade, conforme ver-se-á mais adiante, sendo que os direitos sociais podem ser também

configurados como direitos de defesa ou de não-intervenção.

242

Isso comprova o entendimento doutrinário da existência de uma dimensão dúplice dos direitos fundamentais

em geral, ou seja, de direitos de defesa e de direitos prestacionais, que não se excluem em face da

interdependência entre as dimensões. Cf., entre outros, SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos

Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 237 e 241.

243

Para Robert Alexy, os direitos a prestações são de três espécies: direito à proteção, à organização e ao

procedimento e direitos prestacionais em sentido estrito. Cf. ALEXY, Robert. Teoría de los Derechos

Fundamentales. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Madri, 1997, p. 430.

VHQGR TXH WDLV GLUHLWRV RVWHQWDP XPD JUDQGH DPSOLWXGH H LPSOLFDP QDV

³PDLVYDULDGDVIRUPDVSRVVtYHLVGHSURWHomR´FRPRSRUH[HPSORDWUDYpV

GDV QRUPDV GH GLUHLWR SHQDO GH GLUHLWR SURFHVVXDO GH Do}HV

DGPLQLVWUDWLYDVHIiWLFDV





1RGL]HU GH $OH[\ RV GLUHLWRV j SURWHomRVmR ³GLUHLWRV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVDTXHR(VWDGRRUJDQL]HHPDQHMHDRUGHPMXUtGLFDGHXPD

GHWHUPLQDGD PDQHLUD QR TXH UHVSHLWD j UHODomR UHFtSURFD GH VXMHLWRV

MXUtGLFRV LJXDLV´



 GH IRUPD TXH DR FRQWUiULR GR TXH VH SRGH SHQVDU

FRPXPHQWHRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDSUHFLVDPWDPEpPVHUHPSURWHJLGRVSRU

Do}HV HVWDWDLV R TXH YHP D LPSOLFDU QD H[LJrQFLD GH FXVWRV SDUD R

(VWDGRDVVLPFRPRQRVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVQRVHQWLGRHVWULWR





(P SULQFtSLR RV GLUHLWRV j SURWHomR HQWHQGLGRV HVWHV

FRPR UHIOH[RV GRV GHYHUHV GH SURWHomR HQFRQWUDPVH QR kPELWR GD

GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QRWDGDPHQWH SRUTXH DR

(VWDGR SRU VHXV SRGHUHV OHJLVODWLYR H H[HFXWLYR FRQFHGHVH FHUWD

GLVFULFLRQDULHGDGH TXDQWR j PRGR GH PHOKRU FRQIRUPDomR GD RUGHP

MXUtGLFD H GD RUJDQL]DomR GRV VHUYLoRV HVWDWDLV SDUD D SURWHomR GRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GRV FLGDGmRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH SRUTXH H[LVWHP

OLPLWDo}HVILQDQFHLUDVHPDWHULDLVSDUDDDWXDomRHVWDWDO

7RGDYLDHQWHQGHVHTXHR(VWDGRGHYHDWXDUGHIRUPD

DTXHVXDVPHGLGDVDOFDQFHP³XPPtQLPRGHHILFiFLDQmRVHQGRH[LJtYHO

XPDH[FOXVmRDEVROXWDGDDPHDoDTXHVHREMHWLYDH[FOXLU´GHPRGRTXHD

H[LVWrQFLDGHXPGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRjSURWHomRpVHPSUHUHVLGXDOHDSHQDV

QDKLSyWHVHGHRPLVVmRWRWDOGR(VWDGRQRVFDVRVHPTXHKiGHQVLILFDomR

VXILFLHQWH GR GLUHLWR QR SODQR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H ³R HVSDoR GH

GLVFULFLRQDULHGDGHHVWLYHUUHGX]LGRD]HUR´





244

ALEXY, Robert. Teoría de los Derechos Fundamentales. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Madri, 1997,

p. 435-436.

245

ALEXY, Robert. Teoría de los Derechos Fundamentales. Centro de Estudios Constitucionales: Madri, 1997,

p. 436.

246

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 237. As referências do autos aos custos dos direitos sociais foram colhidas de obra de Stephen Holmes e

Cass Sustein (The Cost of Rights – Why liberty depends on taxes).

247

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 224-225.

1R TXH GL] UHVSHLWR DRV GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV HP

VHQWLGR HVWULWR FRLQFLGH VHX FRQWH~GR FRP R RIHUHFLPHQWR GH EHQV H

SUHVWDo}HVPDWHULDLVTXHYLVDPDDWHQGHUGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSUHYLVWRV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH FRPR p R FDVR SRU H[HPSOR GRGLUHLWR j VD~GH j

HGXFDomR j SUHYLGrQFLD VRFLDO HWF 1HVVH DVSHFWR RV GLUHLWRV

SUHVWDFLRQDLV HP VHQWLGR HVWULWR RX VHMD RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV VmR XPD

³H[SUHVVmR GR (VWDGR 6RFLDO´



 R TXDO p H[DWDPHQWH R WLSR GH (VWDGR

DFROKLGRHPQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomR

(P VLWXDo}HV GH QHFHVVLGDGH VRFLDO R (VWDGR RIHUHFH

VHUYLoRV PDWHULDLVH WDPEpP SUHVWDo}HVSHFXQLiULDVSDUD R DWHQGLPHQWR

GHLQWHUHVVHVMXUtGLFRVGDFRPXQLGDGHVHQGRFHUWRYDOHDQRWDUTXHWDLV

GLUHLWRV WDPEpP HQYROYHP R GLUHLWR SUHVWDFLRQDO GH FXQKR QRUPDWLYR RX

RUJDQL]DFLRQDO GLPHQVmR REMHWLYD SRLV GHYH R (VWDGR HVWDU GRWDGR GH

XPD HVWUXWXUD DGPLQLVWUDWLYD H QRUPDWLYD SDUD R RIHUHFLPHQWR GHVWDV

SUHVWDo}HV

3RU RXWUR ODGR RV GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV PDWHULDLV

JHUDOPHQWH JR]DP HP SULQFtSLR GH XPD PHQRU HILFiFLD MXUtGLFD

FRQWUDULDPHQWH DRV GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD



 H[DWDPHQWH SRUTXH D

GHWHUPLQDomR GDV OLQKDV JHUDLV GHVVHVGLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV GHSHQGHGH

XPDFRQFUHWL]DomRMXUtGLFDSROtWLFDSHOROHJLVODGRUGHPRFUiWLFRWHQGRHP

YLVWDTXHWDLVGLUHLWRVGHPDQGDPXPFXVWRILQDQFHLURHOHYDGRHVHPSUHRV

(VWDGRV FRQWDP FRP OLPLWDo}HV RUoDPHQWiULDV HP IDFH GD HVFDVVH] GRV

UHFXUVRVPDWHULDLVHKXPDQRV





7RGDYLD HP TXH SHVH D UHODWLYD OLEHUGDGH

FRQIRUPDGRUD GR OHJLVODGRU p FHUWR TXH RV GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV VRFLDLV

QmR VmR PHUD QRUPDV SURJUDPiWLFDV PDV DQWHV YLQFXODP RV SRGHUHV

248

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 222.

249

Para Vieira de Andrade, os direitos de defesa (direitos, liberdades e garantias, conforme texto da Constituição

portuguesa) “devem ser concretizados ao nível da Constituição”, até mesmo por meio, em último caso, de uma

interpretação criadora dos tribunais, especialmente nos casos de conexão direta com o princípio da dignidade

humana, sendo, portanto, praticamente desnecessária ou indevida uma intervenção legislativa para sua

regulamentação. Cf. ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa

de 1976. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 189.

250

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 188-193.

S~EOLFRVSRLV KiXP³FRQWH~GR PtQLPR´H[LJLGRSHOD &RQVWLWXLomRHTXH

FRQVWLWXLVH GH ³SRVLo}HV MXUtGLFDV VXEMHWLYDV UHIHUtYHLV QR SODQR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO´



 H SRUWDQWR SRVVtYHLV GH VHUHP SHUVHJXLGDV

MXGLFLDOPHQWHGHIRUPDLQGLYLGXDO

3HOR PHQRV TXDQWR DR FXPSULPHQWR GR PtQLPR

H[LVWHQFLDO QmR Ki FRPR GLVFRUGDU GDV SRVLo}HV TXH GHIHQGHP D

H[LVWrQFLD GH XP WtSLFR GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR H[HUFLWiYHO SHORV SDUWLFXODUHV

FRQWUDR(VWDGRDSDUWLUGDyWLFDGHQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomRSRLV



5HYHUWHQGR XPD RSRVLomR VyOLGD GD WHRULD GR GLUHLWR H GRV

WULEXQDLVDOXWDSHODHIHWLYLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSDUHFH

WHUFRQTXLVWDGRWRGRVRVWUrVDWULEXWRVHVVHQFLDLVGRGLUHLWR

VXEMHWLYR D SRVLWLYLGD



GH D QRUPDWLYLGDGH H D

MXVWLFLDELOLGDGH



3RU ILP RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV WDPEpP SRGHP VHU

FODVVLILFDGRVFRPRGLUHLWRVGHSDUWLFLSDomRGH³PDWUL]GHPRFUiWLFD´TXH



>@VHULDPQHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDPLVWRVGHGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVD

HGHGLUHLWRVDSUHVWDo}HVPDVTXHVmRDXWRQRPL]DGRVHP

YLUWXGHGDVXDIXQomRGHJDUDQWLDGHSDUWLFLSDomRLQGLYLGXDO

QD YLGD SROtWLFD PDLV FRQFUHWDPHQWH QD IRUPDomR GD

YRQWDGHSROtWLFDGDFRPXQLGDGH





2VGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGHSDUWLFLSDomRVXUJHPGHVGH

DVFRQVWLWXLo}HVGR6pFXOR;9,,,H³VHPSUHFRQVWLWXtUDPDEDVHGRUHJLPH

GHPRFUiWLFR´



7RGDYLDHPTXHSHVHRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRVWHQKDPJrQHVH

FRQWHPSRUkQHD DRV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH

SHODLGpLDGDVREHUDQLDSRSXODUFRPRIXQGDPHQWRSROtWLFRGDFRPXQLGDGH

Mi IL[DGD QDV FRQVWLWXLo}HV UHYROXFLRQiULDV VRPHQWH HP PRPHQWR

251

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 387-388.

252

MELLO, Cláudio Ari. Os direitos fundamentais sociais e o conceito de direito subjetivo. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 105-138, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 136.

253

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira de. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 179.

254

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT, 2007,

p. 68.

KLVWyULFRSRVWHULRUDSyVRDIDVWDPHQWRGDVUHVWULo}HVDRGLUHLWRGHYRWRD

FHUWDV FODVVHV GH SHVVRDV p TXH HOHV REWLYHUDP XP VWDWXV SUySULR H

LQGHSHQGHQWH





(OHV GL]HP UHVSHLWR j SRVVLELOLGDGH GH DWXDomR GR

LQGLYtGXR QD GHILQLomR GRV GHVWLQRV SROtWLFRV GD FRPXQLGDGH

HVSHFLDOPHQWHTXDQWRDRSRGHUGHLQWHUYLUGHIRUPDDWLYDQHVVHSURFHVVR

(HVVDLQWHUYHQomRSRGHRFRUUHUGHGXDVIRUPDVLQGLUHWDPHQWHSRUPHLR

GR SULQFLSDO GLUHLWR GH YRWR VXIUiJLR XQLYHUVDO H DWp PHVPR

GLUHWDPHQWH SRU PHLR GRV LQVWLWXWRV GHPRFUiWLFRV TXH SHUPLWHP XPD

GHFLVmRSROtWLFDGDFRPXQLGDGHVHPDLQWHUYHQomRGHUHSUHVHQWDQWHVWDLV

FRPRUHIHUHQGRVSOHELVFLWRVHWF





1D GRXWULQD HVSDQKROD H WHQGR HP YLVWD D UHVSHFWLYD

&RQVWLWXLomR 3HUH] /XxR UHODFLRQD RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV FRP R VXIUiJLR

DWLYR H SDVVLYR H FRP D SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD SRU PHLR GH SDUWLGRV

SROtWLFRV VHQGR TXH QR kPELWR GD GHPRFUDFLD GLUHWD FLWD RV FDVRV GR

UHIHUHQGR GR GLUHLWR GH SHWLomR H GR SURFHVVR OHJLVODWLYR SRU LQLFLDWLYD

SRSXODU LQVWLWXWRV HVVHV WDPEpP DGPLWLGRV QR QRVVR RUGHQDPHQWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO





&RPHIHLWRQRGL]HUGH,QJR6DUOHWRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRV

FRQFHUQHP ³j SDUWLFLSDomR GRV FLGDGmRV QR H[HUFtFLR GD VREHUDQLD

SRSXODU SRU PHLR GD GHPRFUDFLD UHSUHVHQWDWLYD H H[FHSFLRQDOPHQWH

GLUHWD´ GH PRGR TXH DWp KDYHULD XP FRQMXQWR GH GLUHLWRV GH FDUiWHU

SROtWLFRGHQRPLQDGRGH³GLUHLWRVGDFLGDGDQLD´HQJOREDQGRRVGLUHLWRVGH

QDFLRQDOLGDGH RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV H DV QRUPDV VREUH RV SDUWLGRV

SROtWLFRV



$OpP GLVVR RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV ³FRPSUHHQGHP R GLUHLWR D

255

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 285.

256

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT, 2007,

p. 68.

257

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 181-

182.

258

Ingo Sarlet relata que tais direitos (arts. 12 a 17 da Constituição de 1988) estão em estreita conexão, o que

justificaria a existência do conjunto citado, com o que concorda-se, pois de fato os dispositivos constitucionais

citados dizem respeito, em última análise, à participação do indivíduo na vida da comunidade política. Cf.

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 206-207.

DFHGHUHPFRQGLo}HVGHLJXDOGDGHjVIXQo}HVHFDUJRVS~EOLFRV´



FRPR

TXH VH GHYH FRQFRUGDU HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR FDVR EUDVLOHLUR SRLV D

&RQVWLWXLomRGH  SUHYr RFRQFXUVR S~EOLFRFRPR IRUPDLGHDO SDUD R

DFHVVRLJXDOLWiULR DRVFDUJRV S~EOLFRV VHQGR TXHR H[HUFtFLRGH IXQo}HV

HVWDWDLV SRU SHVVRDV ItVLFDV HVFROKLGDV SRU FULWpULRV LPSHVVRDLV GH

FRPSHWrQFLD FHUWDPHQWH p XP PRGR HIHWLYR GH SDUWLFLSDomR QD YLGD

SROtWLFDGR(VWDGR

7RGDYLD HP TXH SHVH SRVLFLRQDPHQWRV HP VHQWLGR

GLYHUVRV



 RV GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR LVWR p RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV VmR

XPDFDWHJRULDSUySULDGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVTXHFRQWDFRPHOHPHQWRV

GRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDHGHGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLV'HIDWRDOLEHUGDGHGH

SDUWLFLSDomRHPSDUWLGRVSROtWLFRVHRGHYHUHVWDWDOGHRUJDQL]DUHGDUXP

SURFHGLPHQWR SDUD R VLVWHPD HOHLWRUDO SRU H[HPSOR PRVWUDP TXH RV

GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV JR]DP GH XP VWDWXV SHFXOLDU FRP FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV

DGTXLULGDVGRVGHPDLVWLSRVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV



$&RQVWLWXLomREUDVLOHLUDHDIXQomRHTXDOL]DGRUDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV



$ &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH  VXUJLGD DSyV D

UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR SiWULD DSUHVHQWD XPD IRUWH FRQRWDomR GH GHIHVD GD

OLEHUGDGH H GRV LGHDLV GHPRFUiWLFRV R TXH HUD QDWXUDO HP IDFH GD

WUDQVLomR SROtWLFD RSHUDGD QRV DQRV GH  D  VHP FRQWXGR

HVTXHFHUDIXQomRGH³FRQVWLWXLomRGLULJHQWH´QRVHQWLGRGHFRQFHSomRGH

XPDIRUPXODomRGHILQVGLJQRVSDUDDVRFLHGDGHLQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DGDRTXH

LPSOLFRX QD SUHYLVmR GH XPD DPSOD JDPD GH GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV GRV

WLSRV VRFLDLV FXOWXUDLV H HFRQ{PLFRV 3RGHVH DWp PHVPR GL]HU TXH R

³VLVWHPD GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQYHUWHXVH QR Q~FOHR EiVLFR GR

RUGHQDPHQWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUR´ VHQGR TXH D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD

259

MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 285.

260

Como o do próprio Ingo Sarlet, que considera os direitos políticos como direitos de defesa. Op. Cit., p. 208-

209.

³WUDGX]LGD QR VLVWHPD GH GLUHLWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV p YLVWD FRPR R YDORU

HVVHQFLDOTXHGiXQLGDGHGHVHQWLGRj&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDO´





1RkPELWRGD&RQVWLWXLomREUDVLOHLUDGHDOpPGDV

FRQFHSo}HV GH GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV H SROtWLFRV D FRQVFLrQFLD VRFLDO

HVWi SOHQDPHQWH HQUDL]DGD VHQGR TXH D SUHRFXSDomR FRP R

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWRGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHVWiLQVHULGDORJRQRFRPHoRGD&DUWD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO QR VHX SUHkPEXOR H QRV DUWLJRV GR VHX SULPHLUR WtWXOR

³3ULQFtSLRV)XQGDPHQWDLV´

$ &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO WHP H[SUHVVDPHQWH FRPR

IXQGDPHQWR SULPHLUR D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD



 H FRORFD FRPR REMHWLYRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV GD 5HS~EOLFD GLYHUVDV WDUHIDV FRQHFWDGDV j LJXDOGDGH

PDWHULDO GRV LQGLYtGXRV FRPR H[ JU D FRQVWUXomR GH XPD VRFLHGDGH

OLYUH MXVWD H VROLGiULD D HUUDGLFDomR GD SREUH]D H D UHGXomR GDV

GHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVHSURPRomRGREHPGHWRGRV





2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV VmR LPSRUWDQWHV QD

FRQVHFXomR GHVVHV REMHWLYRV QRWDGDPHQWH HP SDtVHV TXH DSUHVHQWDP

JUDQGHVGHVLJXDOGDGHVHFRQ{PLFDVHVRFLDLV





3RU LVVR QmR VH GHYH HVWUDQKDU TXH R OHJLVODGRU

FRQVWLWXLQWH WHQKD GLVFLSOLQDGR WRGRV RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GH IRUPD

DEUDQJHQWH HP VXDV GLIHUHQWHV FDWHJRULDV LQFOXVLYH VHSDUDQGR HP

FDStWXORV GLYHUVRV D UHJXODPHQWDomR GRV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV GH QmR

LQWHUIHUrQFLDGRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRVHWDPEpPGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

'H IDWR R VHJXQGR WtWXOR GD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH

 ORJR DSyV R WtWXOR GHQRPLQDGR GH ³'RV SULQFtSLRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´

DSDUHFHRWtWXOR ³'RVGLUHLWRVHJDUDQWLDV IXQGDPHQWDLV´VXEGLYLGRHVWH

SRU VXD YH] HP  FLQFR FDStWXORV ( D GLYLVmR GRV FDStWXORV UHYHOD

FODUDPHQWHDGLVWLQomR GDVGLYHUVDVFDWHJRULDVGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

FRPR YLVWR DQWHULRUPHQWH RV OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV GH QmRLQWHUIHUrQFLD RV

261

CITTADINO, Gisele. Pluralismo, Direito e Justiça Distributiva: Elementos da Filosofia Constitucional

Contemporânea. 3. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 12.

262

Constituição Federal, art. 1º, III.

263

Constituição Federal, art. 3º, I, III e IV.

264

ARANGO, Rodolfo. Direitos Fundamentais Sociais, Justiça Constitucional e Democracia. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 89-103, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 90.

GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV JHUDOPHQWH GH FXQKR SUHVWDFLRQDLV PDV WDPEpP

UHJXODWyULRV H RV GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD 2V GLUHLWRV GH

QDFLRQDOLGDGHSRGHPDSHVDUGHGLVFLSOLQDGRVHPFDStWXORjSDUWHVHUHP

HQTXDGUDGRVFRPRGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRVSRLVHVWDEHOHFHPDVFRQGLo}HVSDUDR

UHFRQKHFLPHQWRGHXPFLGDGmRQDFLRQDOHHPFRQVHTrQFLDDGHILQLomR

GHTXHPSRGHSDUWLFLSDUGLUHWDPHQWHGRSURFHVVRSROtWLFR$VVLPWDPEpP

QR TXH VH UHIHUH DR &DStWXOR 9 TXH WUDWD GRV SDUWLGRV SROtWLFRV VHQGR

HYLGHQWHVXDFRQH[mRLQVWUXPHQWDOFRPRWHPDGRVGLUHLWRVSROtWLFRV

(QWUHWDQWR QmR H[LVWH XPD GLIHUHQFLDomR HVWDQTXH

HQWUHRVGLYHUVRVWLSRVGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSRLVQDYHUGDGHHOHVVH

LQWHUUHODFLRQDP PXWXDPHQWH SHUPLWLQGR FRP LVVR XPD PHOKRU

FRQIRUPDomR GRV GLUHLWRV GH DFRUGR FRP DV GLYHUVDV FRQFHSo}HV

LGHROyJLFDV DGRWDGDV SHOR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO UHVXOWDQGR GHVVDV

LQWHUDo}HV XP FRQMXQWR QRUPDWLYR KDUP{QLFR 1HVVH VHQWLGR FRPR

H[HPSOR GHVVD LQWHUUHODomR QRWHVH D UHODomR HQWUH R GLUHLWR j OLYUH

LQLFLDWLYD HPSUHVDULDO H RV GLUHLWRV WUDEDOKLVWDV SUHYLVWRV QD /HL 0DLRU D

MXQomR GH DPERV LQGLFD TXH D OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO GRV HPSUHViULRV

FDSLWDOLVWDV p OLPLWDGD SRU FHUWRV GLUHLWRV GH FXQKR VRFLDO RX VHMD TXH

LPSOLFDPQRGHYHUGHSUHVWDomRHPIDYRUGHXPDGHWHUPLQDGDFDPDGDGD

SRSXODomRHPSULQFtSLRPHQRVSRGHURVD

'HVVD IRUPD RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV FOiVVLFRV VmR GH

FHUWD IRUPD OLPLWDGRV SRU RXWURV GLUHLWRV jV YH]HV DWp PHVPR GH

FDWHJRULDGLYHUVDFRPRRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVGHPRGRTXHFRQFOXLVHTXHD

LQWHUUHODomROHYDjFRQFOXVmRGDLQH[LVWrQFLDGHGLUHLWRVDEVROXWRV

3RU RXWUR ODGR SRGHVH DILUPDU TXH QmR H[LVWH

GHPRFUDFLD ± H SRUWDQWR GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR ± VHP D

H[LVWrQFLD GH XP FRUSR HOHLWRUDO GH LQGLYtGXRV GRWDGRV GH SOHQD

FDSDFLGDGH HGXFDFLRQDO GH HVFROKD GRV JRYHUQDQWHV GH PRGR TXH RV

GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH R GLUHLWR j HGXFDomR FRQVWLWXHP D EDVH

SDUDDOHJLWLPDomRGHPRFUiWLFDGDVRFLHGDGH

'H IDWR SHVVRDV GHVHPSUHJDGDV DQDOIDEHWDV H PDO

DOLPHQWDGDV QmR SRGHP GHVHQYROYHU DV UHVSHFWLYDV SHUVRQDOLGDGHV QXP

TXDGURGHUHVSHLWRjGLJQLGDGHKXPDQDHDVVLPWDPEpPQmRSRGHPj

WRGD HYLGrQFLD SDUWLFLSDU GR SURFHVVR GHPRFUiWLFR HP LJXDOGDGH GH

FRQGLo}HV FRP DV SHVVRDV GRWDGDV GH PHOKRUHV FRQGLo}HV VRFLDLV IDWR

TXHGHVOHJLWLPDDGHPRFUDFLDTXHQmRSRGHVHUPHUDPHQWHIRUPDOPDV

H[LJHDFRQFUHWL]DomRGDLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDO

-RVp $IRQVR GD 6LOYD WHQGR HP YLVWD R WH[WR GD

&RQVWLWXLomREUDVLOHLUDGHGLYLGHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHPFLQFR

FDWHJRULDV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV FROHWLYRV VRFLDLV H HFRQ{PLFRV GH

QDFLRQDOLGDGH H SROtWLFRV PDV UHVVDOWD TXH H[LVWH XPD LQWHJUDomR

KDUP{QLFDHQWUHHOHV&RPHIHLWRDVVHYHUDRHPLQHQWHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWD



$ &RQVWLWXLomR DJRUD IXQGDPHQWD R HQWHQGLPHQWR GH TXH

DV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QHOD

SUHYLVWRV LQWHJUDPVH QXP WRGR KDUP{QLFR PHGLDQWH

LQIOXrQFLDV UHFtSURFDV DWp SRUTXH RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV

FRQVXEVWDQFLDGRV QR VHX DUW  HVWmR FRQWDPLQDGRV GH

GLPHQVmR VRFLDO GH WDO VRUWH TXH D SUHYLVmR GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVHQWUHHOHVHRVGLUHLWRVGHQDFLRQDOLGDGHHSROtWLFRV

OKHVTXHEUDRIRUPDOLVPRHRVHQWLGRDEVWUDWR>@4XDQWR

PDLV SUHFLVRV H HILFD]HV VH WRUQDP RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

HFRQ{PLFRVHFXOWXUDLVPDVVHLQFOLQDGROLEHUDOLVPRSDUDR

VRFLDOLVPR7UDQVIRUPDVHDSDXWDGHYDORUHVROLEHUDOLVPR

H[DOWDDOLEHUGDGHLQGLYLGXDOIRUPDOPHQWHUHFRQKHFLGDPDV

HPYHUGDGH DXIHULGD SRU XP SHTXHQR JUXSRGRPLQDQWHR

VRFLDOLVPRUHDOoDDLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDO





1RWHVHDVVLPDFRPSRVLomRLGHROyJLFDFRQFLOLDGRUDGD

&DUWD GH  SRLV YDORUHV HP SULQFtSLRV GtVSDUHV IRUDP DGRWDGRV

DPSODPHQWH HPGLYHUVRV GLVSRVLWLYRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVPDV TXH OHYDPDR

HQWHQGLPHQWR GH TXH QmR H[LVWHP GLUHLWRV DEVROXWRV UHFRQKHFLGRV ±

H[FHWR D GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD  GH PRGR TXH D FRUUHWD FRPSUHHQVmR GR

VLVWHPD GH GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDLV H[LJH XPD LQWHUSUHWDomR VLVWrPLFD H

DEUDQJHQWH GR FRQMXQWR QRUPDWLYR VHP HVTXHFHU WRGDYLD RV YDORUHV

SULPRUGLDLV GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD H R SULQFtSLR GD LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO

FRQGLFLRQDQWHVGHWRGRRVLVWHPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

265

SILVA, José Afonso da Silva. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999,

p. 187-188.

7DPEpPDGRXWULQDHVWUDQJHLUDDSRQWDDH[LVWrQFLDGH

XPD ³LQWHUFRQH[mR RUJkQLFD H ILQDOLVWD´ GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV TXH

DSUHVHQWDP XPD ³GLPHQVmR VLVWHPiWLFD´ TXH GHVSHUWD JUDQGH LQWHUHVVH

GD GRJPiWLFD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO VHQGR TXH RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QmR

GHYHP VHU FRPSUHHQGLGRV LQGLYLGXDOPHQWH GH SHU VL PDV FRPR XP

FRQMXQWRLQWHUGHSHQGHQWH





1R TXH WDQJH DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV D VXD FRPSUHHQVmR

ILQDOLVWD HVWi UHODFLRQDGD DRV GLUHLWRV GH OLEHUGDGH H SROtWLFRV GH IRUPD

HYLGHQWH SRLV DSHQDV FRP VXD UHDOL]DomR LVWR p FRP D DGMXGLFDomR DR

LQGLYtGXRGDVFRQGLo}HVPDWHULDLVFXOWXUDLVHHGXFDFLRQDLVPtQLPDVSDUDR

OLYUHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGHpTXHVHSRGHIDODUHPDXWRQRPLD

LQGLYLGXDO H GHPRFUDFLD SOHQD 2V GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV SRUWDQWR ³WrP FRPR

SULQFLSDO REMHWR DVVHJXUDU D SDUWLFLSDomR QD YLGD SROtWLFD HFRQ{PLFD

FXOWXUDOHVRFLDOGDVSHVVRDVLQGLYLGXDLVDVVLPFRPRGRVJUXSRVHPTXH

VHLQWHJUDP´





$VVLP QD YLVmR GH &DQRWLOKR Ki XPD ³UHODomR

LQGLVVRFLiYHO´ HQWUH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV H GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV GH IRUPD TXH R

³SDUDGLJPDHVWUXWXUDQWH´GD&RQVWLWXLomRSRUWXJXHVDVHULDXPD³OLEHUGDGH

LJXDO´(HVWDOLEHUGDGHLJXDO³DSRQWDSDUDDLJXDOGDGHUHDODUWGR

TXHSUHVVXS}HDWHQGHQFLDOSRVVLELOLGDGHGHWRGRVWHUHPDFHVVRDRVEHQV

HFRQ{PLFRVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV´HTXHGHPDQGDXPDGLVWULEXLomRGRVEHQV

VRFLDLVDVHUSURPRYLGDSHOR(VWDGRPHGLDQWHSUHVWDo}HVWHQGRHPYLVWD

DLQFDSDFLGDGHGRPHUFDGRGHID]rODGHIRUPDDGHTXDGD





1HVVH VHQWLGR VH UHFRQKHFH TXH D ³FRQFHSomR GD

GLJQLGDGHGDSHVVRDKXPDQDHGROLYUHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGH

SRGH HVWDU QD RULJHP GH XPD SROtWLFD GH UHDOL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

266

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 137-

138.

267

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 183.

268

CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 450.

DFWLYD H FRPSURPHWLGD >@´



 GH IRUPD TXH FRQFOXLVH TXH D UHDO H

~OWLPDLQWHQomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVpFRQFUHWL]DomRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD

( WDO HQWHQGLPHQWRVH DPROGD SHUIHLWDPHQWH DR QRVVR

VLVWHPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOWHQGRHPYLVWDDHYLGrQFLDGDIRUoDVRFLDOGD&DUWD

GHTXHSULPDGHIRUPDFODUDSHODLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDOGRVPHPEURV

GDFRPXQLGDGH

3RGHVH DILUPDU GHVWH PRGR TXH RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

RVWHQWDPXPD³IXQomRHTXLOLEUDGRUDGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLV´HPYLVWDV

GD TXDO R (VWDGR SURPRYH R FXPSULPHQWR GH ³GHWHUPLQDGRV GLUHLWRV H

SUHVWDo}HV´SDUDDSDUWLFLSDomRGHWRGRVQDYLGDVRFLDO





$VVLP WDPEpP FRPSUHHQGH D GRXWULQD SiWULD

HVSHFLDOPHQWH,QJR6DUOHWSDUDTXHP

2FHUWRpTXHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVDSUHVWDo}HV

GLYHUVDPHQWH GRV GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD REMHWLYDP DVVHJXUDU

PHGLDQWH D FRPSHQVDomR GDV GHVLJXDOGDGH VRFLDLV R

H[HUFtFLR GH XPD OLEHUGDGH H LJXDOGDGH UHDO H HIHWLYD TXH

SUHVVXS}HP XP FRPSRUWDPHQWR DWLYR GR (VWDGR Mi TXH D

LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO QmR VH RIHUHFH VLPSOHVPHQWH SRU VL

PHVPDGHYHQGRVHUGHYLGDPHQWHLPSOHPHQWDGD





1HVVH VHQWLGR D &RQVWLWXLomR GH  LQFRUSRURX

YDORUHV TXH UHFKDoDP R OLEHUDOLVPR FOiVVLFR PHUDPHQWH QmR

LQWHUYHQFLRQLVWD FRORFDQGR HP SDXWD HP FRQWUDSRVLomR H WDPEpP HP

FRPSOHPHQWDomR j GLPHQVmR OLEHUDO XP ³FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR VRFLHWiULR H

FRPXQLWiULR TXH FRQIHUH SULRULGDGH DRV YDORUHV GD LJXDOGDGH H GD

GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD´ TXH HQWURX HP FRQIOLWR FRP D FXOWXUD MXUtGLFD GD

pSRFDGHFXQKR³SRVLWLYLVWDHSULYDWLVWD´





$&RQVWLWXLomRSRUWDQWRWHPXPDIRUWHSURSHQVmRSDUD

D LPSOHPHQWDomR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV GH YLpV LJXDOLWiULR VHQGR HVWD XPD

GDVVXDVIXQo}HVSULQFLSDLVGRQGHVHFRQFOXLTXHR(VWDGREUDVLOHLURQmR

269

CANOTILHO, J.J. Gomes. Direito Constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 443-444.

270

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 184.

271

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 232.

272

CITTADINO, Gisele. Pluralismo, Direito e Justiça Distributiva: Elementos da Filosofia Constitucional

Contemporânea. 3. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 15.

VH FRQILJXUD DSHQDV XP (VWDGR 'HPRFUiWLFR GH 'LUHLWR FRPR

HQJDQDGDPHQWHDSRQWDDOHLWXUDOLWHUDOGRDUWGD&DUWDGHPDV

VLPXP(VWDGRGHEHPHVWDUVRFLDORXPHOKRUXP(VWDGR'HPRFUiWLFRH

6RFLDOGH'LUHLWR'HIDWRSDUD*LVHOH&LWWDGLQR



>@ HVWD SULRULGDGH FRQIHULGD DRV LQWHUHVVHV S~EOLFRV RX

FROHWLYRVUHYHORXTXHDSUHWHQVmRQmRHUDDSyVD GLWDGXUD

PLOLWDU DSHQDV FRQILJXUDU XP (VWDGR OLEHUDO FRPSURPHWLGR

FRP D GHIHVD GH YHOKRV GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV LQGLYLGXDLV

3UHWHQGHXVH DR FRQWUiULR FRQIRUPDU XP (VWDGR GH EHP

HVWDU VRFLDO QRV PROGHV HXURSHXV DWUDYpV GD SUHYLVmR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO ± GHQWUH RXWUDV QRUPDV H PHFDQLVPRV ± GH

XP DPSOR VLVWHPD GH GLUHLWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV PHFDQLVPRV

MXUtGLFRVUHODWLYRVDRFRQWUROHGDVRPLVV}HVGRSRGHUS~EOLFR

H XPD DWXDomR SROtWLFD GR 3RGHU MXGLFLiULR ,PSOHPHQWDU

MXVWLoDGLVWULEXWLYDHPUHVXPRpRREMHWLYRIXQGDPHQWDOGR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR³FRPXQLWiULR´EUDVLOHLUR





(WDPEpPQDYLVmRGH,QJR6DUOHW



7DPEpPDHVWUHLWDOLJDomRGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVFRPR

SULQFtSLRGR(VWDGRVRFLDOFRQVDJUDGRQDQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomR

QD HVWHLUD GD PDLRU SDUWH GDV /HLV )XQGDPHQWDLV

FRQWHPSRUkQHDV PHUHFH GHVWDTXH $SHVDU GH DXVrQFLD GH

QRUPDH[SUHVVDQRGLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO SiWULR TXDOLILFDQGR

DQRVVD5HS~EOLFDFRPRXP(VWDGR6RFLDOH'HPRFUiWLFRGH

'LUHLWR R DUW  FDSXW UHIHUH DSHQDV DRV WHUPRV

GHPRFUiWLFRH'LUHLWRQmRUHVWDPG~YLGDV±HQLVWRSDUHFH

H[LVWLU XP DPSOR FRQVHQVR QD GRXWULQD ± GH TXH QHP SRU

LVVR R SULQFtSLR IXQGDPHQWDO GR (VWDGR VRFLDO GHL[RX GH

HQFRQWUDU JXDULGD QD QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR >@ WDO

FLUFXQVWkQFLDVHPDQLIHVWDSDUWLFXODUPHQWHSHODSUHYLVmRGH

XPD JUDQGH TXDQWLGDGH GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV

TXH DOpP GR URO GRV GLUHLWRV GRV WUDEDOKDGRUHV LQFOXL

GLYHUVRV GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV VRFLDLV SRU SDUWH GR (VWDGR

DUWHRXWURVGLVSHUVRVQRWH[WRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO





&RPRVHYrSRUWDQWRRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLV

WrPXPDILQDOLGDGHGHHTXDOL]DUDVFRQGLo}HVPDWHULDLVGRVPHPEURVGD

FROHWLYLGDGH QR VHQWLGR GHSUHVHUYDomR HP SULPHLURSODQR GRSULQFtSLR

273

CITTADINO, Gisele. Pluralismo, Direito e Justiça Distributiva: Elementos da Filosofia Constitucional

Contemporânea. 3. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 73.

274

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 73.

GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD SDUD HP VHJXLGD SRVVLELOLWDU XP PHOKRU

GHVHPSHQKRGDGHPRFUDFLDPDWHULDOQDTXDOWRGRVSRVVDPSDUWLFLSDUGD

YLGDSROtWLFDFRPXQLWiULDHPLJXDOGDGHGHFRQGLo}HV

1D YLVmR GH .ODXV 6WHUQ DQRWDGD SRU ,QJR 6DOHUW D

³KRPRJHQHLGDGH VRFLDO H XPD FHUWD PHGLGD GH VHJXUDQoD VRFLDO QmR

VHUYHPDSHQDVDRLQGLYtGXRLVRODGRPDVWDPEpPjFDSDFLGDGHIXQFLRQDO

GD GHPRFUDFLD FRQVLGHUDGD QD VXD LQWHJUDOLGDGH´



 OLomR HVVD

SOHQDPHQWHDSOLFiYHOjQRVVDUHDOLGDGHSRLVWDPEpPD/HL)XQGDPHQWDO

JHUPkQLFDFRQVDJUDRSULQFtSLRGR(VWDGR6RFLDOGH'LUHLWRHPTXHSHVH

Vy UHFRQKHFHU H[SUHVVDPHQWH XP GLUHLWR VRFLDO R GH DPSDUR jV

JHVWDQWHV

7RGDYLD D MXULVSUXGrQFLD GR 7ULEXQDO &RQVWLWXFLRQDO

DOHPmR LQIHUH GLYHUVRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV GR SULQFtSLR GR (VWDGR 6RFLDO

SUHYLVWRQD/HL)XQGDPHQWDOGH%RQQH WDPEpPGDFOiXVXODLPSOtFLWDGD

YHGDomRGRUHWURFHVVR





3RU LVVR p TXH D KRPRJHQHLGDGH VRFLDO p FRQGLomR

QHFHVViULDSDUDTXHRVFLGDGmRVWHQKDP³LGrQWLFDSUREDELOLGDGHGHLQIOXLU

QD IRUPDomR GD XQLGDGH SROtWLFD´ HYLWDQGR FRP LVVR ³XPD GLWDGXUD GD

FODVVHGRPLQDQWH´



HGHVWHPRGRSRVVLELOLWDQGRXPDUHDOHVDWLVIDWyULD

UHDOL]DomRGDGHPRFUDFLDQRVHXYLpVPDWHULDOLJXDOLWiULR

5HVVDOWHVH TXH QmR Vy RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HP VHQWLGR

HVWULWR TXH VmR SUHVWDFLRQDLV FRPR YLVWR PDV WDPEpP RV GLUHLWRV

SUHVWDFLRQDLVGHXPPRGRJHUDOGHYHPVHUFRQFHELGRVFRPR³LJXDOGDGH

GHRSRUWXQLGDGHVHOLEHUGDGHUHDOGHH[HUFtFLRGDDXWRQRPLDLQGLYLGXDOH

GH HIHWLYD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH SDUWLFLSDomR QD IRUPDomR GD YRQWDGH

275

Apud SARLET. Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 74.

276

LIMA, George Marmelstein. Proteção Judicial dos Direitos Fundamentais: diálogo constitucional entre o

Brasil e a Alemanha. Disponível em <http://www.georgemlima.xpg.com.br/alemanha.pdf>. Acesso em:

06/08/2007, p. 111-113.

277

HELLER, Hermann apud MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Derechos Sociales y Positivismo Jurídico:

Escritos de Filosofia Jurídica y Política. Madri: Dykinson, 1999, P. 55.

HVWDWDO´



RTXHMiLQGLFDRYLpVLJXDOLWiULRGHVVDGLPHQVmRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV QHVVH VHQWLGR HVWmR

LPSOLFDGRV GLUHWDPHQWH FRP R SULQFtSLR GD VROLGDULHGDGH TXH GHYH

JRYHUQDU XPD VRFLHGDGH GHPRFUiWLFD IXQGDGD HP GLUHLWRV SRLV XPD

OHJLWLPDomR GHPRFUiWLFD GR (VWDGR Vy SRGH VHU MXVWLILFDGD FDVR

FRUUHVSRQGD³DFULWpULRVUHFRQKHFLGRVGHMXVWLoDVRFLDO´

&RPHIHLWRSDUD+DEHUPDV



$ ORQJR SUD]R DSHQDV XP SURFHVVR GHPRFUiWLFR TXH FXLGH

GH XP DSDUHOKR DGHTXDGR GH GLUHLWRV GLYLGLGRV GH PRGR

MXVWR SRGH YDOHU FRPR OHJtWLPR H LQVWLWXLU D VROLGDULHGDGH

>@ 1HVVH VHQWLGR D SROtWLFD GH EHPHVWDU VRFLDO DVVXPLX

XPDIXQomRGHOHJLWLPDomRQmRGHVSUH]tYHO





(WDOSROtWLFDVRFLDOGHYHDEUDQJHUGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGD

YLGD FRPXQLWiULD FRPR DV SROtWLFDV GH PHUFDGR GH WUDEDOKR GD

MXYHQWXGHGHVD~GHHGXFDomRIDPtOLDPHLRDPELHQWHXUEDQL]DomRHWF

³GLVSRQGR RV EHQV FROHWLYRV H JDUDQWLQGR DTXHODV FRQGLo}HV  VRFLDLV

QDWXUDLVHFXOWXUDLV±GHYLGDTXHSURWHJHPGDGHFDGrQFLDDXUEDQLGDGH

HGHXPPRGRJHUDORHVSDoRS~EOLFRGHXPDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOL]DGD´





3RGHVH DILUPDU SRUWDQWR TXH D &RQVWLWXLomR

EUDVLOHLUD SRU SRUWDU XP JUDQGH HOHQFR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HOHYDGRV j

FRQGLomR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SUHWHQGH LPSOHPHQWDU QXPD WDUHID

SUySULDGHXPDFRQVWLWXLomRGLULJHQWHXP(VWDGR6RFLDOGH'LUHLWRRTXDO

pLQWHUUHODFLRQDGRIXQFLRQDOPHQWHFRPRSULQFtSLRGHPRFUiWLFRWDPEpP

DFROKLGRSRUQRVVD&DUWD&RQVWLWXFLRQDO

1HVVDWDUHIDGH³FLYLOL]DomR´GDFRPXQLGDGHHVWDWDOHP

QRPHGRSULQFtSLRGDVROLGDULHGDGHRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVIXQGDPHQWDLVWrP

FRPR ILQDOLGDGH HP ~OWLPD LQVWkQFLD ± DR ODGR GH JDUDQWLU D SOHQD

278

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 221.

279

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 98.

280

Ibidem, HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva.

São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 98.

FRQFUHomR GR SULQFtSLR GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD



 TXH p R IXQGDPHQWR

EiVLFR GD RUGHP FRQVWLWXFLRQDO ± DVVHJXUDU D UHDOL]DomR GR LGHDO GD

GHPRFUDFLDPDWHULDO





(DRSULQFtSLRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQDQDYLVmRGH9LHLUD

GH$QGUDGH



>@ QmR p XPD PHUD DEVWUDomR QmR YDOH FRPR SXUD

LGHDOLGDGH QHVWD VXD TXDOLGDGH GH SULQFtSLR MXUtGLFR YLJRUD

HPUHJUDDWUDYpVGDVQRUPDVSRVLWLYDVHUHDOL]DVHPHGLDQWH

RFRQVHQVRVRFLDOTXHVXVFLWDSURMHFWDQGRVHQDFRQVFLrQFLD

MXUtGLFDFRQVWLWXLQWHGDFRPXQLGDGH





1HVVH VHQWLGR SRU QmR VHUHP PHUDV DEVWUDo}HV D

GLJQLGDGHKXPDQDHSRUFRQVHTrQFLDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVQRWDGDPHQWH

QR FDVR GD &RQVWLWXLomR EUDVLOHLUD GH   GHYHP VHU FRQFUHWL]DGRV

GLXWXUQDPHQWH SHOR OHJLVODGRU GHPRFUiWLFR QD VXD WDUHIDGH LQWHUSRVLomR

OHJLVODWLYD EHP FRPR SHORV GHPDLV SRGHUHV GD 5HS~EOLFD QDV VXDV

DWULEXLo}HVHVSHFtILFDVWHQGRHPYLVWDDLQGDDSOHQDYLQFXODomRGHWRGRV

RVSRGHUHVDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

3RUWDQWR FRPSHWH WDPEpP DR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR QD

PHGLGDGDVSRVVLELOLGDGHVIiWLFDVHMXUtGLFDVDWXDUQDLPSOHPHQWDomRGRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVIXQGDPHQWDLVHWDO3RGHURGHYHID]HUGHPRGRHILFD]H

FpOHUHSRUPHLRGRVLQVWUXPHQWRVSURFHVVXDLVFRORFDGRVjGLVSRVLomR



 $ IRUoD MXUtGLFD SHFXOLDU GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H D

FOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHO



2SUREOHPDGDHILFiFLDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVpGHJUDQGH

LPSRUWkQFLDQDVGRXWULQDVMXUtGLFRFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVHVWUDQJHLUD HEUDVLOHLUD

281

Para Canotilho, a “concepção da dignidade humana e do livre desenvolvimento da personalidade” são a base

para uma “política de realização dos direitos sociais”. Cf. CANOTILHO, J. J. Gomes. Direito constitucional e

Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 1999, p. 443-444.

282

Sobre a relação entre direitos fundamentais e democracia, Cf. ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo

Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 33-34.

283

ANDRADE, José Carlos Vieira. Os Direitos Fundamentais na Constituição Portuguesa de 1976. 3. ed.

Coimbra: Almedina, 2007, p. 49.

HUHIOH[DPHQWHWDPEpPQRVHLRGDVRFLHGDGHFLYLOSRLVpGHVHMRGHWRGD

D FRPXQLGDGH QDFLRQDO R PHOKRUDPHQWR GDV FRQGLo}HV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV

GHWRGRVRVFLGDGmRVEUDVLOHLURV

( DV UD]}HV VmR HYLGHQWHV SRLV R (VWDGR EUDVLOHLUR

DLQGD HVWi ORQJH GH JDUDQWLU GH IRUPD UD]RiYHO WRGRVRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

SUHYLVWRV QD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH  9HULILFDVH TXH D VRFLHGDGH

EUDVLOHLUD HVWi DQVLRVD SHOR UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HIHWLYRV

UHDLV H FRQFUHWRV H QmR VH FRQWHQWD PDLV FRP PHUDV IRUPXODo}HV

QRUPDWLYDVDEVWUDWDVVHPPDLRUHVFRQVHTrQFLDVMXUtGLFDVSUiWLFDV

1R HQWDQWR WUDWDVH GH GHEDWH FRPSOH[R H DLQGD

LQFRQFOXVRGDtWDPEpPGHFRUUHQGRDVYDFLODo}HVGDMXULVSUXGrQFLDPDV

TXH DSHVDU GLVVR WHQGH SDUD XP UHFRQKHFLPHQWR PDLV HIHWLYR GRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVQRWDGDPHQWHRVGLUHLWRVjVD~GHHHGXFDomR





2 SUREOHPD SRUWDQWR FRQILJXUDVH GH H[WUHPD

LPSRUWkQFLD QR FRQWH[WR DWXDO GH WHQWDWLYD GH FRQFUHWL]DomR HIHWLYD GH

QRVVD&RQVWLWXLomR



SRLVDLQGDSHUVLVWHXPIRUWHGpILFLWQDHIHWLYDomRGH

XP YHUGDGHLUR (VWDGR 'HPRFUiWLFR H 6RFLDO GH 'LUHLWR QRWDGDPHQWH QR

TXHGL]UHVSHLWRDRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRMXUtGLFRHIHWLYRGRFKDPDGRGLUHLWRDR

PtQLPRH[LVWHQFLDOTXHVHULDPDVFRQGLo}HVPDWHULDLVPtQLPDVSDUDRVHU

KXPDQR OLEHUWDUVH GH VLWXDo}HV GH H[WUHPD SUHFDULHGDGH GH IRUPD D

SRVVLELOLWDURDPSORGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGH





284

Cf., a respeito, FERRAZ, Octávio Luiz Motta. Direito à saúde, escassez e o Judiciário. Folha de São

Paulo. São Paulo, 10 ago. 2007, Opinião, Caderno A3, que ressalta a atualidade do debate e apresenta

crítica à tendência jurisprudencial no sentido de reconhecimento do direito à saúde como ilimitado. Para o

articulista, o direito à saúde deveria ser tratado com enfoque na “igualdade de condições (eqüidade) no

acesso aos serviços de saúde.”.

285

Cf., KRELL, Andreas. Direitos Sociais e Controle Judicial no Brasil e Alemanha: os (des)caminhos de

um direito constitucional “comparado”. Porto Alegre: Sergio Fabris Editor, 2002, p. 17-18, para quem a

efetivação real de direitos sociais é uma necessidade da sociedade brasileira, tendo em vista os péssimos

índices socioeconômicos da maioria da população.

286

ROCHA, Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha. O mínimo existencial e o princípio da reserva do possível.

Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos Constitucionais, Belo Horizonte, n. 5, p. 439-461, jan./jun. 2005, p. 446-

447. Para a autora, o princípio do mínimo existencial está diretamente

relacionado com o princípio

fundamental da dignidade da pessoa humana, o qual deve ostentar a máxima efetividade possível. A teoria

do mínimo existencial também é assumida cada vez mais por parcela da doutrina brasileira, conforme

relato de LIMA, George Marmelstein. Proteção Judicial dos Direitos Fundamentais: diálogo

constitucional entre o Brasil e a Alemanha, p. 112-114. Disponível em

<http://www.georgemlima.xpg.com.br/alemanha.pdf>. Acesso em: 06/08/2007.

$ SUREOHPiWLFD GD HILFiFLD GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

IXQGDPHQWDLV p WDPEpP UHODFLRQDGD FRP R WHPD PDLV DPSOR GD

HIHWLYLGDGHGD&RQVWLWXLomRWHQGR HPYLVWDRIHQ{PHQRFRQKHFLGRFRPR

QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRFRUUHQWHGRXWULQiULDTXHFRQFHEHXPDPDLRUIRUoD

MXUtGLFDQRVWH[WRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVPRGHUQRV





'HIDWRRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQRUHMHLWDDLGpLDGH

QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV FRP SRXFD IRUoD YLQFXODQWH UHDILUPDQGR D

QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRQIHULU PDLRU HILFiFLD DR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO WHVH HVVD

TXHVHDPROGDSHUIHLWDPHQWHjUHDOLGDGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOEUDVLOHLUDQRTXH

GL]UHVSHLWRjGRJPiWLFDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVTXH³HVWmRYLYHQGRR

VHX PHOKRU PRPHQWR QD KLVWyULD GR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR SiWULR´



 DR

PHQRV QR TXH VH UHIHUH j SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFUHWL]DomR PDLV HIHWLYD

DLQGDTXHWDOVHGrGHIRUPDJUDGXDO

3RU LVVR VH FRQFRUGD FRP R HQVLQDPHQWR GR ,QJR

6DUOHWTXDQGRDILUPDTXH



3RU HVWDV UD]}HV Ki FRPR VXVWHQWDU D H[HPSOR GR TXH

RFRUULGRQDGRXWULQDDDSOLFDELOLGDGHLPHGLDWDSRUIRUoDGR

DUW    GH QRVVD /HL )XQGDPHQWDO GH WRGRV RV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQVWDQWHV GR &DWiORJR DUWV  D

 EHP FRPR GRV ORFDOL]DGRV HP RXWUDV SDUWHV GR WH[WR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV





(QWHQGHVH FRPR 6DUOHW TXH p SOHQDPHQWH SRVVtYHO

UHIHULUVH D XPD ³SUHVXQomR HP IDYRU GD DSOLFDELOLGDGH LPHGLDWD H GD

SOHQLWXGH HILFDFLDO GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´



 VHP SUHMXt]R GR

287

Cf., a respeito, BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Fundamentos Teóricos e Filosóficos do Novo

Constitucionalismo Brasileiro.: pós-modernidade, teórica crítica e pós-positivismo. In: BARROSO, Luís

Roberto (org.). A nova interpretação constitucional: ponderação, direitos fundamentais e relações privadas.

2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2006, p. 47. Neste texto, o autor traça em linhas gerais a evolução do

constitucionalismo brasileiro, notadamente pós 1988, no sentido da “busca da efetividade” das normas

constitucionais por meio, também, de uma nova interpretação constitucional informada por princípios

específicos, especialmente quanto à idéia da existência de um sistema de princípios jurídicos materiais

abertos que informam todo o sistema jurídico no intuito da máxima efetividade da Constituição.

288

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 82.

289

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 275-276.

290

Ibidem, p. 289.

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GR IDWR GH TXH FHUWDV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV JR]DP GH

EDL[D GHQVLGDGH QRUPDWLYD H jV YH]HV QHFHVVLWDP GH LQWHJUDomR

OHJLVODWLYDSDUDVXDFRPSOHWDDSOLFDomR

7RGDYLD QmR H[LVWH QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO PHUDPHQWH

SURJUDPiWLFD



 GHVWLWXtGD GH WRGR H TXDOTXHU HIHLWR MXUtGLFR VHPSUH

VHQGR SRVVtYHO H[WUDLU GH QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV DEHUWDV RX

SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWHSULQFLSLROyJLFDVDOJXPWLSRGHHILFiFLDMXUtGLFD

e FHUWR TXH QR LQtFLR GR VHX GHVHQYROYLPHQWR RV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSDVVDUDPSRUXP³FLFORGHEDL[DQRUPDWLYLGDGH´HIRUDP

FRQVLGHUDGRV FRPR PHURV SURJUDPDV GH DomR HVWDWDO GH FXQKR QmR

LPSRVLWLYR PDV XOWLPDPHQWH WDLV GLUHLWRV YrP UHFHEHQGR PDLV IRUoD

QRUPDWLYD QR VHQWLGR GH DSOLFDELOLGDGH LPHGLDWD SHODV FRQVWLWXLo}HV

PXQGLDLVGRSyV*XHUUDLQFOXVLYHQR%UDVLO





1RWHVHLQFOXVLYHDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPDWHQGrQFLDDWXDO

QRkPELWRLQWHUQDFLRQDOQRVHQWLGRGRUHFRQKHFLPHQWRGDXQLYHUVDOL]DomR

GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV TXH WDPEpP DEUDQJHP RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV $

XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV FRQVLVWH HP IHQ{PHQR VXUJLGR D

SDUWLUGRWpUPLQRGD6HJXQGD*XHUUD0XQGLDOHPGHFRUUrQFLDGRSUySULR

HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GD 218 FRPR yUJmR VXSUDQDFLRQDO GH UHJXODomR GD

VRFLHGDGHLQWHUQDFLRQDO'HIDWRD'HFODUDomRGH'LUHLWRVGHpXP

PDUFR QR SURFHVVR GH LQWHUQDFLRQDOL]DomR VHQGR TXH SRVWHULRUPHQWH

GH]HQDV GH QRYDV GHFODUDo}HV GH GLUHLWRV IRUDP HGLWDGDV



 QmR Vy

JDUDQWLQGR RV GLUHLWRV GH OLEHUGDGH FOiVVLFRV FLYLV H SROtWLFRV PDV

WDPEpP SUHYHQGR GLUHLWRV HFRQ{PLFRV FXOWXUDLV H VRFLDLV FRPR SUp

UHTXLVLWRV SDUD R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GD SHUVRQDOLGDGH KXPDQD QHFHVViULR

SDUDRSOHQRJR]RGDTXHOHVGLUHLWRVFOiVVLFRV

7RGDYLD YROWDQGRVH DJRUD D SHUVSHFWLYD SDUD D

UHDOLGDGH FRQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUD SRGHVH UHFRQKHFHU QR WH[WR GD

&RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH  FRP FODUH]D WUrV FDWHJRULDV GH GLUHLWRV

291

Ibidem, p. 279.

292

BONAVIDES, Paulo. Curso de Direito Constitucional. 21. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 2007, p. 564-565.

293

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007,

p. 56-58.

IXQGDPHQWDLV (VWHV SRGHP VHU VXEGLYLGLGRV HP WUrV FDWHJRULDV EiVLFDV

FRQIRUPHDGHOLQHDomRGDVUHVSHFWLYDVHVWUXWXUDVQRUPDWLYDVDGLUHLWRV

DDEVWHQo}HVHVWDWDLVQDHVIHUDSDUWLFXODUVWDWXVQHJDWLYXVEGLUHLWRVD

SUHVWDo}HV SRVLWLYDV GH FXQKR VRFLDO VWDWXV SRVLWLYXV H F GLUHLWRV

SROtWLFRVHGHSDUWLFLSDomRVWDWXVDFWLYXV





7DPEpP DSUHVHQWD FODVVLILFDomR VHPHOKDQWH -RVp

$IRQVR GD 6LOYD TXH UHFRQKHFH H[LVWLUHP GLYHUVDV FODVVLILFDo}HV GH

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV PDV DSUHVHQWD D VHJXLQWH GLYLVmR D GLUHLWRV

LQGLYLGXDLVUHODFLRQDGRVjDXWRQRPLDSDUWLFXODUIUHQWHjFROHWLYLGDGHHR

(VWDGR E GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FROHWLYRV QR VHQWLGR GH GLUHLWRV GR

KRPHPHQTXDQWRPHPEURGHXPDFROHWLYLGDGHFGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

GR ³KRPHPVRFLDO´ UHODFLRQDGRV j FRQGLomR VRFLDO RX FXOWXUDO GRV

LQGLYtGXRV G GLUHLWRV GH QDFLRQDOLGDGH TXH REMHWLYDP D GHILQLomR GRV

FULWpULRVGHVWDHSRUILPHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVGR³KRPHPFLGDGmR´

RV GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV TXH VmR OLJDGRV j SDUWLFLSDomR QD YLGD SROtWLFD GD

FRPXQLGDGH





9rVH SRLV QD YHUGDGH TXH DSHVDU GH OLJHLUDV

GLYHUJrQFLDV GRXWULQiULDV RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SRGHP VHU GLYLGLGRV

HP WUrV JUDQGHV WLSRORJLDV D VDEHU D RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV FOiVVLFRV

JDUDQWLGRUHVGD DXWRQRPLD H OLEHUGDGHV LQGLYLGXDLVIUHQWH DR (VWDGR H j

FROHWLYLGDGHTXHLPSOLFDPJHUDOPHQWHHPDWXDomRQHJDWLYDGR(VWDGRRX

GH DWXDomR SRVLWLYD GHVWH QR VHQWLGR GH SURWHomR GHVVD OLEHUGDGH

LQGLYLGXDO FRQWUD DWDTXHV GH RXWURV SDUWLFXODUHV E RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

HQWHQGLGR HVWH WHUPR HPVHQWLGR DPSOR DEUDQJHQGRGLUHLWRVFXOWXUDLV H

HFRQ{PLFRV RV TXDLV GHPDQGDP HP JHUDO XPD DWXDomR SRVLWLYD GR

(VWDGR FRPXPHQWH VLJQLILFDQGR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH RIHUHFLPHQWR GH

SUHVWDo}HVPDWHULDLVSHOR(VWDGRGLUHWDPHQWHDRVLQGLYtGXRVFRPRPHLR

GH PLQRUDU DV GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLRHFRQ{PLFDV JHUDGDV SHOR VLVWHPD GH

SURGXomR FDSLWDOLVWD H F RV GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR SROtWLFD TXH

294

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT,

2007, p. 64.

295

SILVA, José Afonso da. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999,

p. 186-187.

SHUPLWHP D DWXDomR GR LQGLYtGXR QD HVFROKD GRV JRYHUQDQWHV H QD

LQJHUrQFLDGRVQHJyFLRVHVWDWDLVFRPRSRUH[HPSORRGLUHLWRDRYRWRRX

PHVPRRGLUHLWRGHSHWLomRDRVSRGHUHVS~EOLFRV





'H RXWUR ODGR H[LVWHP DLQGDDV FKDPDGDV JDUDQWLDV

IXQGDPHQWDLV TXHVmR PHLRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLV GHVWLQDGRV D ID]HU YDOHU RV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV H TXHQmR HQXQFLDPSURSULDPHQWHGLUHLWRV



(ODV

WrP SRUWDQWR QtWLGR FDUiWHU LQVWUXPHQWDO 7RGDYLD WDLV GLUHLWRV SRGHP

VHP PDLRUHVSUREOHPDV WHyULFRV VHU QDWXUDOPHQWH FRORFDGRV QR PHVPR

SDWDPDU GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV LQGLYLGXDLV SRLV HP JHUDO YLVDP j

HOLPLQDomRGRDUEtWULRHVWDWDOHDVVLPVmRXPUHIOH[RGLUHWRGRVGLUHLWRV

LQGLYLGXDLVPDWHULDLV

$V JDUDQWLDV LQVWUXPHQWDLV SRUWDQWR DSUHVHQWDP

LPSRUWkQFLD HTXLYDOHQWH DRV GLUHLWRV VXEVWDQFLDLV DRV TXDLV SURFXUDP

VDOYDJXDUGDU GRQGHVH SRGH DILUPDU H[LVWLU XPD LQWHUGHSHQGrQFLD HQWUH

DVGXDVFDWHJRULDV

1R PRPHQWR HQWUHWDQWR LQWHUHVVD VREUHPRGR R

SUREOHPDGDMXVWLFLDELOLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHPIDFHGRSUREOHPDGDV

UHVWULo}HV PDWHULDLV GHFRUUHQWHV GD HVFDVVH] GH UHFXUVRV RX GD

LPSRVVLELOLGDGHMXUtGLFDGHDOWHUDomRGDOHJLVODomRRUoDPHQWiULDXPDYH]

TXH TXDQWR DRV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV FOiVVLFRV LQH[LVWHP PDLRUHV

SUREOHPDVTXDQWRjVSRVVLELOLGDGHVGHUHDOL]DomRMXGLFLDOTXHVHPSUHIRL

DGPLWLGDGHIRUPDSOHQDSHODGRXWULQDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVWD

'HIDWRDSRQWD,QJR6DUOHW



6H UHODWLYDPHQWH DRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GH GHIHVD

LQH[LVWHP PDLRUHV SUREOHPDV QR TXH GL] FRP D

296

Cf. MIGUEL, Alfonso Ruiz. Derechos liberales y derechos sociales. Disponível em:

<http://descargas.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/doxa/01361620824573839199024/cuaderno15/v

olII/doxa15_09.pdf>. Acesso em: 05/07/2007. O autor explica nesse texto, inicialmente, a classificação

tradicional entre os direitos civis (individuais), políticos (estes dois considerados liberais) e sociais, para

depois fazer uma crítica de uma rígida diferenciação entre direitos liberais e sociais, na medida em que

existem diversos pontos em comum entre as duas categorias, como, por exemplo, o fato de que ambos os

direitos operam custos para o Estado. Ademais, o autor defende que os direitos fundamentais, liberais e

sociais, consistem em categoria unitária quanto a seus aspectos essenciais, conectados à dignidade e

autonomia humanas.

297

DIMOULIS, Dimitri; MARTINS, Leonardo. Teoria Geral dos Direitos Fundamentais. São Paulo: RT,

2007, p. 80.

100

SRVVLELOLGDGH GH VHUHP FRQVLGHUDGRV GLUHWDPHQWH

DSOLFiYHLVHDSWRVGHVGHORJRDGHVHQFDGHDUWRGRVRV

VHXV HIHLWRV MXUtGLFRV R PHVPR QmR RFRUUH QD HVIHUD

GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV D SUHVWDo}HV TXH WrP SRU

REMHWRXPDFRQGXWDSRVLWLYDSRUSDUWHGRGHVWLQDWiULR

FRQVLVWHQWH HP UHJUD QXPD SUHVWDomR GH QDWXUH]D

IiWLFDRXQRUPDWLYD>@





&RPR GLWR RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV GRV SDUWLFXODUHV VmR

JHUDOPHQWH GLUHFLRQDGRV FRQWUD R (VWDGR



 YLVDQGR j UHDOL]DomR GH

SUHVWDo}HV SRVLWLYDV LVWR p Do}HV GHVWLQDGDV j UHDOL]DomR GH EHQV

MXUtGLFRVPDWHULDLVVHUYLoRVGHVD~GHLQFOXLQGRPHGLFDPHQWRVVHUYLoRV

HGXFDFLRQDLVFXOWXUDLVHQWUHRXWURV3DUD$QGUp5DPRV7DYDUHV



2VGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVFRPRGLUHLWRVGHVHJXQGDGLPHQVmR

VmRDTXHOHVTXHH[LJHPGR3RGHU3~EOLFRXPDDWXDomR

SRVLWLYD XPD IRUPD DWXDQWH QD LPSOHPHQWDomR GD

LJXDOGDGHVRFLDOGRVKLSRVVXILFLHQWHV





1RPHVPRVHQWLGR-RVp$IRQVRGD6LOYDSDUDTXHPRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVHVWmRLQWLPDPHQWHOLJDGRVDRVGLUHLWRVHFRQ{PLFRV±VHQGR

HVWHVSUHVVXSRVWRVGDTXHOHV±HFRQVWLWXHPVHGHGLPHQVmRGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVUHYHODGRVSRU



3UHVWDo}HVSRVLWLYDV SURSRUFLRQDGDVSHOR (VWDGR GLUHWD

RX LQGLUHWDPHQWH HQXQFLDGDV HP QRUPDV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVTXHSRVVLELOLWDPPHOKRUHVFRQGLo}HVGH

YLGDVDRVPDLVIUDFRVGLUHLWRVTXHWHQGHPDUHDOL]DUD

LJXDOL]DomRGHVLWXDo}HVVRFLDLVGHVLJXDLV





298

SARLET. Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 296.

299

Note-se, entretanto, que alguns direitos sociais consistem em prestações positivas que não são deduzidas

diretamente contra o Estado, a exemplo dos direitos trabalhistas previstos no art. 7º da CF/88, que são

prestados por empresas e pessoas particulares quando assumem a função de empregadores. Assim também

na Constituição portuguesa, conforme ensinamento de CANOTILHO, J.J. Gomes. Direito Constitucional e

Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 1999, p. 379.

300

TAVARES, André Ramos. Curso de Direito Constitucional. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2006, p. 2007.

301

SILVA, José Afonso da. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999,

p. 289.

101

1mR Ki PDLRUHV G~YLGDV GRXWULQiULDV TXDQWR j

H[LVWrQFLD GH GLIHUHQoDV HQWUH RV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV H RV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVDLQGDTXHVHGHIHQGDH[LVWLUXPDDSUR[LPDomRPDLRUHQWUHHOHVGR

TXH VH FRVWXPD DWHVWDU



 QHP SRU RXWUR ODGR TXDQWR j FRQFHLWXDomR

GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV FRPR GLUHLWRV D SUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLV ± RX PHVPR

HYHQWXDOPHQWHDSUHVWDo}HVQRUPDWLYDV





3RU RXWUR ODGR FRPR YLVWR R REMHWLYR GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVpHTXDOL]DUDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVYHULILFDGDVHPXPDVRFLHGDGH

SHUPLWLQGR TXH SHVVRDV PHQRV IDYRUHFLGDV FRQWHP FRP XP PtQLPR

VXSRUWHPDWHULDOSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDSHUVRQDOLGDGH7DLVGLUHLWRV

QRGL]HUGH,QJR6DUOHW³REMHWLYDPDUHDOL]DomRGDLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDOQR

VHQWLGR GH JDUDQWLUHP D SDUWLFLSDomR GR SRYR QD GLVWULEXLomR S~EOLFD GH

EHQVPDWHULDLVHLPDWHULDLV´





7DPEpP VH UHFRQKHFH TXDQWR DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV DR

ODGRGRVHQWLGRGHLJXDOGDGHPDWHULDOTXHD³FRQFHSomRGDGLJQLGDGHGD

SHVVRD KXPDQD HGR OLYUH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GDSHUVRQDOLGDGH SRGH HVWDU

QD RULJHP GH XPD SROtWLFD GH UHDOL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV DFWLYD H

FRPSURPHWLGD >@´



 SRVLomR HVVD WDPEpP GHIHQGLGD SRU 6DUOHW DR

UHFRQKHFHU D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV

VXEMHWLYRV D SUHVWDo}HV SRLV Ki XPD ³tQWLPD YLQFXODomR ± GHVWDFDGD

HVSHFLDOPHQWHSHODGRXWULQDHVWUDQJHLUD±GHYiULRVGHVWHVGLUHLWRVFRPR

GLUHLWRjYLGDHFRPRSULQFtSLRGDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD>@´





1RTXH SHUWLQH jHILFiFLDGRV GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVWDPEpP

VHDFHLWDGHIRUPDPDLVRXPHQRVSDFtILFDXPDFHUWDYLQFXODWLYLGDGHGDV

QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV GHILQLGRUDV GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV DLQGD TXH HODV

302

Cf. SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 299, nota de rodapé 124, na qual o autor entende que os direitos sociais prestacionais

diferem dos direitos de defesa por critério de grau e não de substância.

303

Cf., a propósito, o entendimento de CANOTILHO, J.J. Gomes. Direito Constitucional e Teoria da

Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina, 1999, p. 1181, para quem existem direitos a “prestações fácticas”

e direitos a “prestações normativas”.

304

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang, op. cit, p. 299.

305

CANOTILHO, J.J. Gomes. Direito Constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 443-444.

306

SARLET, op. cit., p. 373.

102

VHMDP GRWDGDV GH FDUiWHU JHQpULFR H WHQKDP SHOR VHX FDUiWHU PDLV RX

PHQRVDEHUWRFRQWH~GRWDPEpPSURJUDPiWLFR





1RSODQR GR QRVVRGLUHLWR SRVLWLYR DHILFiFLD LPHGLDWD

GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV p DWULEXtYHO DR GLVSRVWR QR DUW 

SDUiJUDIR SULPHLUR GD &) TXH SUHVFUHYH D ³DSOLFDELOLGDGH LPHGLDWD´

GDV³QRUPDVGHILQLGRUDVGRVGLUHLWRVHJDUDQWLDVLQGLYLGXDLV´

1RWHVHDSURSyVLWRTXHQD&RQVWLWXLomREUDVLOHLUDGH

DRFRQWUiULRGRTXHSUHYrSRUH[HPSORD&RQVWLWXLomRSRUWXJXHVD

GH  QmR Ki UHVWULomR GD DSOLFDomR GD QRUPD TXH JDUDQWH D

DSOLFDELOLGDGH LPHGLDWD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV DRV GLUHLWRV GH GHIHVD

GHYHQGRVH HQWHQGHU SRUWDQWR TXH WRGRV RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VmR

DSOLFDGRVSULPDIDFLHGHIRUPDLPHGLDWD





$VVLP DV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV GR QRVVR

RUGHQDPHQWR DLQGD TXH HYHQWXDOPHQWH SURJUDPiWLFDV H GHILQLGRUDV GH

GLUHLWRV SUHVWDFLRQDLV TXH QHFHVVLWDP GH LQWHUYHQomR OHJLVODWLYD FRQWrP

XPPtQLPRGHHILFiFLDRXDSOLFDELOLGDGHSRUPHQRUTXHVHMDDGHQVLGDGH

QRUPDWLYD GRV SUHFHLWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV SHUWLQHQWHV DSOLFDELOLGDGH HVVD

TXHDLQGDGHSHQGHGD³IRUPDGHSRVLWLYDomR´HGDVSHFXOLDULGDGHVGHFDGD

GLUHLWR





3RU RXWUR ODGR D GRXWULQD WUDGLFLRQDO FRQVLGHUDYD DV

QRUPDVSURJUDPiWLFDVPDLVGHVWLQDGDVDROHJLVODGRUGRTXHSURSULDPHQWH

GHILQLGRUD GH GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV QR VHQWLGR GH TXH FDEHULD j SROtWLFD

RUGLQiULD D SDUWLU GD DomR GH JRYHUQRV HOHLWRV D WDUHID H[FOXVLYD GH

FRQFUHWL]DUDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVYROWDGDVSDUDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

7RGDYLD D GHFDGrQFLD GR SRVLWLYLVPR MXUtGLFR H GR

OHJDOLVPR HVWULWR LPSOLFDUDP QXP QRYR ROKDU VREUH R FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

FKDPDGR ³SyVSRVLWLYLVWD´ TXH SDVVRX D UHFHEHU LQIOX[RV GH FRQFHLWRV

307

Cf. BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Interpretação e aplicação da Constituição. 3. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

1999, p. 235-263, que faz uma defesa do princípio da máxima efetividade da Constituição.

308

MELLO, Cláudio Ari. Os direitos fundamentais sociais e o conceito de direito subjetivo. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 105-138, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 128.

309

SARLET. Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 297.

103

MXUtGLFRV DEHUWRV H FDUUHJDGRV GH YDORUHV PRUDLV



 UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOD

UD]mR H SHOD FRPXQLGDGH RX VHMD GRV SULQFtSLRV MXUtGLFRV TXH

UHHVWUXWXUDUDP D KHUPHQrXWLFD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO



 (VVH QRYR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRSRUVXDYH]DSUHVHQWDDWHQGrQFLDGHEXVFDGHXPD

PDLRU ³HIHWLYLGDGH GDV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV IXQGDGD QD SUHPLVVD GD

IRUoDQRUPDWLYDGD&RQVWLWXLomR´





3DUD *RPHV &DQRWLOKR D GHSHQGrQFLD GD HILFiFLD GRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVjLQWHUYHQomRH[FOXVLYDGROHJLVODGRULPSOLFDQDSUiWLFDD

XPDJDUDQWLDGHSRXFDIRUoDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSUHYLVWRVQD&RQVWLWXLomR

'H IDWR QD VXD YLVmR ³XPD WDO FRQVWUXomR H FRQFHSomR GD JDUDQWLD

MXUtGLFRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HTXLYDOH SUDWLFDPHQWH D ³XP

JUDX]HURGHJDUDQWLD´+DYHU.DWH´





2PHVWUH SRUWXJXrVLQIRUPD D SURSyVLWRTXHD &RUWH

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO SRUWXJXHVD ³IL[RX WUDoRV MXULGLFDPHQWH FRQVWLWXWLYRV GDV

QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV FRQVDJUDGRUDV GH GLUHLWRV HFRQyPLFRV VRFLDLV H

FXOWXUDLV´ HVWDEHOHFHQGR TXH D HOHV GLVS}HP GH YLQFXODWLYLGDGH

QRUPDWLYR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO E TXH VHUYHP GH SDUkPHWUR GH FRQWUROH GH

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH F TXH D QmRUHJXODPHQWDomR OHJDO SRGH JHUDU XPD

LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH SRU RPLVVmR G R (VWDGR GHYH WRPDU PHGLGDV

FRQFUHWDV H GHWHUPLQDGDV HP IDYRU GHVVHV GLUHLWRV H QmR DGRWDU

³SURPHVVDVYDJDVHDEVWUDFWDV´HSRUILPHDSURGXomROHJLVODWLYDGH

PHGLGDV FRQFUHWL]DGRUDV DLQGD TXH GRWDGD GH FHUWD OLEHUGDGH GH

FRQIRUPDomRQmRSRGHVHUGHL[DGDjOLYUHGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGROHJLVODGRU





310

Cf., MAIA, Antônio Cavalcanti. As transformações dos sistemas jurídicos contemporâneos:

apontamentos acerca do neoconstitucionalismo. Disponível em: <http://www.mundojuridico.adv.br>.

Acesso em: 09/08/2007. Nesse texto, o professor da UERJ e da PUC-Rio mostra que as constituições

contemporâneas incorporam conteúdos materiais em forma de princípios, diretrizes e valores, com ênfase

no reconhecimento de direitos fundamentais com forte caráter axiológico e racional, o que ele chama de

“neoconstitucionalismo”.

311

BARROSO, Luís Roberto. Fundamentos Teóricos e Filosóficos do Novo Direito Constitucional

Brasileiro: Pós-modernidade, teoria crítica e pós-positivismo. In: A nova interpretação constitucional:

ponderação, direitos fundamentais e relações privadas. 2.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2006, p. 29; 34-35.

312

Ibidem, p. 47.

313

CANOTILHO, J.J. Gomes. Direito Constitucional e Teoria da Constituição. 3. ed. Coimbra: Almedina,

1999, p. 451.

314

Ibidem, p. 452.

104

1HVVH FRQWH[WR UHVVDOWHVH D GHIHVD SURPRYLGD SRU

5REHUW $OH[\ GD MXVWLFLDELOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HP JHUDO H

WDPEpPGRVVRFLDLV



2VRFLDOSRUpPWHULDSHUDQWHROLEHUDOSRXFDIRUoDSRUTXH

HOHQmRVHSRGHULDDSRLDUHPSULQFtSLRVGHGLUHLWR>@

$WRGDVDVWHQWDWLYDVGHVXDYL]DURSUREOHPDGDFROLVmRSHOD

HOLPLQDomRGDMXVWLFLDELOLGDGHGHYHRSRUVHFRPrQIDVH(ODV

VmR QDGD PDLV TXH D VROXomR GH SUREOHPDV MXUtGLFR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV SHOD DEROLomR GH GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO 6H

DOJXPDVQRUPDVGDFRQVWLWXLomRQmRVmROHYDGDV DVpULRp

GLItFLO IXQGDPHQWDU SRU TXH RXWUDV QRUPDV WDPEpP HQWmR

GHYHP VHU OHYDGDV D VpULR VH LVVR XPD YH] FDXVD

GLILFXOGDGHV $PHDoDGD D GLVVROXomR GD FRQVWLWXLomR $

SULPHLUDGHFLVmRIXQGDPHQWDOSDUDRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

p SRU FRQVHJXLQWH DTXHOD SDUD D VXD IRUoD YLQFXODWLYD

MXUtGLFDDPSODHPIRUPDGHMXVWLFLDELOLGDGH





1R VH UHIHUH DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HQWUHWDQWR HVVD

HIHWLYLGDGH MXUtGLFD LGHDO  H GHVHMDGD  SHOR PHQRV QR FDVR EUDVLOHLUR

DLQGD QmR FRQVHJXH PROGDU DGHTXDGDPHQWH D UHDOLGDGH IiWLFD SRLV

SHUPDQHFH QR QRVVR SDtV XPD HQRUPH GLVSDULGDGH HQWUH R FRQWH~GR

IRUWHPHQWH VRFLDO GR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H DV FRQGLo}HV VRFLDLV GH ERD

SDUWH GD SRSXODomR EUDVLOHLUD D TXDO QmR WHP DFHVVR SULQFLSDOPHQWH D

VHUYLoRVGHVD~GHHGHHGXFDomRGHPtQLPDTXDOLGDGH

e FHUWR TXH D &RQVWLWXLomR QmR p XPD ³OkPSDGD GH

$ODGLP´FRPSRGHUHVSDUDWUDQVIRUPDUDUHDOLGDGHDXWRPDWLFDPHQWHPDV

RV GLUHLWRV UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOR WH[WR GHYHP VHU ³OHYDGRV D VpULR >@

TXDQGR YLRODo}HV GD GLJQLGDGH GD SHVVRD KXPDQD SDUWLFXODUPHQWH

YLRODo}HVGRGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHVWLYHUHPHPMRJR´





2PDLRUSUREOHPDGDFRQFUHWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

QRTXH VHUHIHUH jVSUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLVTXH HQYROYHPXP ID]HU IiWLFR

UHDO SHOR (VWDGR FRQVLVWH QD DXVrQFLD GH UHFXUVRV PDWHULDLV RX

315

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 63.

316

ARANGO, Rodolfo. Direitos Fundamentais Sociais, Justiça Constitucional e Democracia. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 89-103, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 95-96.

105

MXUtGLFRV



SDUDDFRQFUHWL]DomRGHGLUHLWRVHOHQFDGRVSHOD&RQVWLWXLomR$

SDUWLU GR PRPHQWR HP TXH GHFLV}HV MXGLFLDLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH DSyV D

UHGHPRFUDWL]DomR SiWULD FRQVROLGDGD SHOD &RQVWLWXLomR GH 





SDVVDUDP D UHFRQKHFHU PDLV IRUWHPHQWH D YLQFXODomR GRV SRGHUHV

S~EOLFRV j &RQVWLWXLomR  HQWHQGLGD HVWD QmR FRPR PHUD QRUPD MXUtGLFD

DEVWUDWD PDV VLP FRPR GRFXPHQWR TXH GHYH HIHWLYDPHQWH PROGDU D

FRQGXWD GRV SRGHUHV S~EOLFRV H WDPEpP GRV SDUWLFXODUHV



  WDPEpP

FRPHoDUDP D VXUJLU WHRULDV TXH SURFXUDP QHJDU XPD PDLRU

YLQFXODWLYLGDGHjVQRUPDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGHILQLGRUDVGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

7DLVWHRULDVEDVHLDPVHHPGRLVDVSHFWRVSULQFLSDLVD

VH UHFRQKHFH D OLPLWDomR GRV UHFXUVRV PDWHULDLV H KXPDQRV SDUD R

SHUIHLWR DWHQGLPHQWR GH WRGRV RV VHUYLoRV S~EOLFRV HVWDWDLV UHODFLRQDGRV

FRPRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVVD~GHHGXFDomRFXOWXUDHWFHEQmRFRPSHWH

DR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRWUDoDUSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVVHQGRHVWDWDUHIDGRVGHPDLV

SRGHUHVGD 5HS~EOLFD FXMRVUHSUHVHQWDQWHV VmR HOHLWRV GLUHWDPHQWHSHOD

SRSXODomR





2SULQFtSLRRXFOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOpIUXWRGH

FRQVWUXomR GR 7ULEXQDO &RQVWLWXFLRQDO )HGHUDO GD $OHPDQKD TXH R

UHFRQKHFHXQRMXOJDPHQWRGHXPSURFHVVRQRTXDOHVWXGDQWHVWHQWDUDP

REWHUPDLVYDJDVHPXQLYHUVLGDGHVHVWDWDLVVRERIXQGDPHQWRGHTXHR

(VWDGR GHYHULD FXVWHDU D HGXFDomR SDUD ILQV GH DPSOR H[HUFtFLR GD

OLEHUGDGHSURILVVLRQDO



$&RUWHJHUPkQLFDDWHVWRXTXHHPERUDKRXYHVVH

317

Conforme ver-se-á mais adiante, nem sempre a falta de efetividade dos direitos sociais decorre da

ausência de recursos financeiros. Pode ocorrer ausência de normatização pelo Estado, desorganização

administrativa, simples inércia estatal, etc.

318

Cf., ARAÚJO, Eugênio Rosa de. O princípio da reserva do possível e ponderação com regras a ele

pertinentes: viagem na irrealidade do cotidiano financeiro. Revista da Seção Judiciária do Rio de Janeiro,

n. 15, p. 20, 2005, para quem a redemocratização implicou no aumento das demandas populares por

melhores serviços públicos.

319

Cf., a propósito a idéia de “vontade de constituição” descrita magistralmente por HESSE, Konrad. A

força normativa da Constituição. Trad. Gilmar Mendes. Porto Alegre: Sérgio Antonio Fabris Editor, 1991.

320

Para uma visão sistemática das principais correntes doutrinárias, inclusive estrangeiras, e também

críticas quanto à atuação do Poder Judiciário na realização de direitos sociais, cf., BIGOLIN, Giovani. A

reserva do possível como limite à eficácia e efetividade dos direitos sociais. Revista do Ministério Público,

n. 53, mai./set./2004, p. 49-69, Porto Alegre.

321

Confira-se um preciso comentário da decisão em: LIMA, George Marmelstein. Proteção Judicial dos

Direitos Fundamentais: diálogo constitucional entre o Brasil e a Alemanha, p. 125-126. Disponível em

<http://www.georgemlima.xpg.com.br/alemanha.pdf>. Acesso em: 06/08/2007.

106

GH IDWR R GLUHLWR j HGXFDomR SRLV R ³HVWDGR PRGHUQR VH LQFOLQD DR

IRPHQWR FXOWXUDO GRV FLGDGmRV´



 HOH HVWDULD OLPLWDGR SHOD UHVHUYD GR

SRVVtYHOTXHVHULD³DTXLORTXHRLQGLYtGXRSRGHUD]RDYHOPHQWHH[LJLUGD

FROHWLYLGDGH´





3RGHVH FRQVLGHUDU SRUWDQWR SHOR PHQRV QR TXH VH

UHIHUHDR'LUHLWRDOHPmRTXHDFOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOFRQILJXUD

XP SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO LPSOtFLWR TXH LPSHGH SUHVHQWHV FHUWDV

FLUFXQVWkQFLDV D DWXDomR HVWDWDO SRVLWLYD GH FXQKR SUHVWDFLRQDO HP

IDYRU GH SDUWLFXODUHV EHP FRPR DQDORJDPHQWH R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GH

GLUHLWRVVXEMHWLYRVGHVWHVFRQWUDR(VWDGRQDVHDUDSUHVWDFLRQDO

$FOiXVXOD UHYHOD QDGDPDLV GRTXH DSUySULD IDOWDGH

UHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURVHVSHFtILFRVSDUDDGHVSHVDGHVHMDGDTXHJDUDQWLVVHR

GLUHLWR VRFLDO SRVWXODGR EHP FRPR D LPSRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHPDQHMDPHQWR

GHYHUEDVRUoDPHQWiULDVSUHYLVWDVSHOROHJLVODGRUSDUDRDWHQGLPHQWRGH

GHVSHVDV GLYHUVDV DOWHUDomR GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV HP SURO GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVGHPDQGDGRVQRFDVR

$UHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOHQYROYHSRUWDQWRGRLVDVSHFWRV

GLVWLQWRVDDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOIiWLFDTXHFRQFHUQHjIDOWDGHUHFXUVRV

ILQDQFHLURV SDUD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GR GLUHLWR E D UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO

MXUtGLFDTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjOHJDOLGDGHRUoDPHQWiULD





1R FDVR GD UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO IiWLFD WUDWDVH GH

³OLPLWDomR OyJLFD H GH FHUWR PRGR yEYLD j DWLYLGDGH MXULVGLFLRQDO HP

PDWpULDGHHIHWLYDomRGRVGLUHLWRVHFRQ{PLFRVVRFLDLVHFXOWXUDLV$ILQDO

VHPGLQKHLURQmRKiGLUHLWR´



(PRXWUDVSDODYUDVDUHVHUYDIiWLFDQDGD

PDLVpGRTXHDIDOWDGHUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURV RX PHVPRKXPDQRVH GH

LQIUDHVWUXWXUDSDUDRFXPSULPHQWRGRGLUHLWRVRFLDOIXQGDPHQWDO

322

Ibidem, p. 126.

323

Ibidem, p. 127.

324

Cf., Cf., ARAÚJO, Eugênio Rosa de. O princípio da reserva do possível e ponderação com regras a ele

pertinentes: viagem na irrealidade do cotidiano financeiro. Revista da Seção Judiciária do Rio de Janeiro,

n. 15, p. 23, 2005, que colhe a distinção em obra de Marcos Masilli Gouvêa (O controle judicial das

omissões administrativas, Forense: 2003. p. 384).

325

LIMA, George Marmelstein. Proteção Judicial dos Direitos Fundamentais: diálogo constitucional entre

o Brasil e a Alemanha, p. 125-126. Disponível em <http://www.georgemlima.xpg.com.br/alemanha.pdf>.

Acesso em: 06/08/2007.

107

$VVLPFDVRXPLQGLYtGXRGHVHMHDUHDOL]DomRSRUFRQWD

GH XP SHTXHQR PXQLFtSLR GR LQWHULRU QR TXDO UHVLGH GH XPD FXVWRVD

FLUXUJLD TXH Vy SRGH VHU IHLWD QR H[WHULRU R HQWH S~EOLFR SRGH

FRPSURYDQGRDDXVrQFLDHIHWLYDGHUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURVDOHJDURyELFHj

HIHWLYLGDGHGRGLUHLWRVRFLDO



(PYHUGDGHQmRVHSRGHH[LJLUGR(VWDGR

D UHDOL]DomR GR LPSRVVtYHO



 PDV SRU RXWUR ODGR p {QXV GR (VWDGR

GHPRQVWUDU D LQFDSDFLGDGH ILQDQFHLUD GH DWHQGLPHQWR GR GLUHLWR VRFLDO

SOHLWHDGR +i SRUWDQWR XPD SUHVXQomR GH HILFiFLD LPHGLDWD GR GLUHLWR

VRFLDOH[LJtYHOSULPDIDFLHPDVTXHSRGHVHULOLGLGDSRUSURYDHPVHQWLGR

FRQWUiULR

2XWUR yELFH j FRQFUHWL]DomR GH XP GLUHLWR VRFLDO

IXQGDPHQWDOSRUPHLRGHGHFLVmRMXGLFLDOHTXHpUHODFLRQDGRjUHVHUYD

GRSRVVtYHOGL]UHVSHLWRDRSULQFtSLRLVRQ{PLFRSRLVDGHFLVmRMXGLFLDOQmR

SRGH DIHWDU RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GH RXWURV LQGLYtGXRV TXH WDPEpP

HVSHUDPGR(VWDGRRPHVPRWUDWDPHQWR





3RUWDQWRQRkPELWRGHSURFHVVRVMXGLFLDLVQRVTXDLVKi

SHGLGRGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSUHVWDFLRQDLVFRPRSRUH[HPSORDHQWUHJDGH

GHWHUPLQDGR PHGLFDPHQWR HVVHQFLDO DR SDUWLFXODU RX D UHDOL]DomR GH

FLUXUJLDVGHJUDQGHSRUWHFDEHDR(VWDGRDGHPRQVWUDomRGDLQH[LVWrQFLD

GHUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURV SDUDR DWHQGLPHQWRDRPHGLFDPHQWR SUHWHQGLGR

DVVLPFRPRDSUHVHQWDUGHWDOKDPHQWRGHTXDQWDVSHVVRDVHVWDULDPVHQGR

SUHMXGLFDGDV SHOD UHDORFDomR GRV UHFXUVRV GHWHUPLQDGD MXGLFLDOPHQWH

7UDWDVHDTXLGDDSOLFDomRGDFOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHOQRDVSHFWR

IiWLFR

7RGDYLD QmRKDYHQGR SHOR (VWDGR D GHPRQVWUDomRGD

LQH[LVWrQFLD GH UHFXUVRV ILQDQFHLURV H VHQGR R PHGLFDPHQWRHVVHQFLDO j

326

Acredito que cabe ao Estado o ônus de comprovar, na contestação da ação judicial, a falta de recursos

financeiros, de acordo com o art. 333 do CPC. Cf., ainda, LIMA, George Marmelstein. Op. cit., p. 129-130,

que também defende a atribuição do ônus da prova ao Estado, inclusive com a remessa aos autos de dados

orçamentários e financeiros que provem a ausência de recursos.

327

ARANGO, Rodolfo. Direitos Fundamentais Sociais, Justiça Constitucional e Democracia. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 89-103, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 99.

328

LEIVAS. Paulo Gilberto Cogo. Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais Sociais. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2006, p. 106-107.

108

VD~GHGRSDUWLFXODUVHPRTXDOHOHSRGHULDIDOHFHURXPHVPRWHUJUDYHV

FRPSOLFDo}HVGRHVWDGRFOtQLFRKiGLUHLWRVXEMHWLYRjVD~GHMiTXHHVWD

VHUHODFLRQDGLUHWDPHQWHFRPRGLUHLWRjYLGD5HVVDOWHVHTXHR6XSUHPR

7ULEXQDO )HGHUDO YHP FRQVLGHUDQGR TXH R GLUHLWR j VD~GH FRPR

FRQVHTrQFLD OyJLFD GR GLUHLWR j YLGD FRQVLVWH HP GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR GR

SDUWLFXODU IUHQWH DR (VWDGR SRU IRUoD QD QRUPD GR DUW  GD &)

FRQIRUPHYHUVHiDGLDQWH





3RURXWURODGRRRXWURDVSHFWRGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHO

GL]UHVSHLWRjOHJDOLGDGHRUoDPHQWiULDQRVHQWLGRGHTXHR3RGHU3~EOLFR

QmR HVWDULD REULJDGR D RIHUHFHU SUHVWDo}HV SRVLWLYDV OLJDGDV D GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV FDVR QmR KRXYHVVH SUHYLVmR OHJDO RUoDPHQWiULD SDUD WDQWR (P

SULQFtSLRR(VWDGRGHYHDJLUGHDFRUGRFRPDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVDGRWDGDV

SHOR OHJLVODGRU RUGLQiULR QR VHQWLGR GH DWHQGLPHQWR GDV GHPDQGDV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV VHQGR R 3RGHU /HJLVODWLYR R SRGHU FRPSHWHQWH SDUD

GHILQLU D SULRUL D DORFDomR GRV UHFXUVRV S~EOLFRV &RP HIHLWR SDUD

(GXDUGR$SSLR



$DWLYLGDGHOHJLVODWLYDGHVHPSHQKDGDSHOR3RGHU/HJLVODWLYR

VH DVVHQWD QD UHSUHVHQWDWLYLGDGH SRSXODU H QR SULQFtSLR GD

VHSDUDomR GRV 3RGHUHV VHJXQGR R TXDO LQFXPEH DR

OHJLVODGRU FRP SULPD]LD D HVFROKD GR PRPHQWR H GR

FRQWH~GRGDDWLYLGDGHOHJLVODWLYD





7RGDYLD GHYHVH UHFRQKHFHU TXH FRPSHWH DR 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULRRFRQWUROHGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHGHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVDGRWDGDV

SHOR/HJLVODGRURXPHVPRGHRPLVV}HVOHJLVODWLYDVVHPTXHLVVRDIURQWH

R SULQFtSLR GD VHSDUDomR GH SRGHUHV RX D VREHUDQLD SRSXODU GHVGH TXH

RFRUUDPHYLGHQWHVDEXVRVQDVHVFROKDVOHJLVODWLYDV

(VVDWDPEpPpDYLVmRGH5RGROIR$UDQJRSDUDTXHP



(P XP (VWDGR GH GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H GHPRFUiWLFR D

MXVWLoD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO QmR GHYH VXEVWLWXLU RV yUJmRV GH

H[SUHVVmRSROtWLFD(OHGHYHSURSRUVHDFRUULJLURVH[FHVVRV

H RPLVV}HV TXH VmR FRQWUiULRV D XPD SHUFHSomR PDLV

329

STF, 2ª Turma, Ag, Reg. No RE 393.175-0/RS, julg. 12/12/2006, rel. Min. Celso de Mello.

330

APPIO, Eduardo. Controle judicial das políticas públicas no Brasil. Curitiba: Juruá, 2005, p. 81.

109

HOHYDGDTXHRULHQWDHPVHXFRQWH~GRRVDWRVGHWRGDVDV

DXWRULGDGHV(VVDRULHQWDomRWDPEpPpYiOLGDQDUHDOL]DomR

GHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV





eTXHROHJLVODGRURUGLQiULRHVWiSOHQDPHQWHYLQFXODGR

j ³FRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´ PHVPR TXH HOH WHQKD XP

³HVSDoR GH GLVFULFLRQDULHGDGH OHJLVODWLYD DPSOD´ TXDQWR j ³HODERUDomR

RUoDPHQWiULD H j GHILQLomR GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV FRQFUHWL]DGRUDV GDV

WDUHIDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVDWULEXtGDVDR(VWDGR´





3DUD &DUPHP /~FLD $QWXQHV 5RFKD HP TXH SHVH D

H[LVWrQFLD GH GLVFULFLRQDULHGDGH OHJLVODWLYD SULPD IDFLH SRGH R 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR VHU FKDPDGR D FRQWURODU SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV VHQGR TXH D

³VLQGLFDELOLGDGH MXGLFLDO´ GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV GHFRUUH GH GLYHUVRV IDWRUHV

FRPRDRGLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOjMXULVGLomRERGHYHUFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGH

SUHVHUYDURPtQLPRH[LVWHQFLDOHVWHFRQHFWDGRDRSULQFtSLRGDGLJQLGDGH

KXPDQD F R SULQFtSLR GD VXSUHPDFLD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H G GD DWULEXLomR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO FRQIHULGD DR -XGLFLiULR GH FRQWURODU D FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH

GRV³FRPSRUWDPHQWRVHQRUPDV´GR3RGHU3~EOLFR





1R PHVPR VHQWLGR $QGUHDV .UHOO TXH GHIHQGH R

FRQWUROH GH FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH GDV OHLV RUoDPHQWiULDV FRPR IRUPD GH

FRQIHULU HIHWLYLGDGH DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV



 DOpP GH HQWHQGHU SRVVtYHO R

UHPDQHMDPHQWR GH YHUEDV RUoDPHQWiULDV GH RXWUDV UXEULFDV SDUD R

DWHQGLPHQWRGRVGLUHLWRVEiVLFRVGRFLGDGmR





1HVVH VHQWLGR VHULD SRVVtYHO DWp PHVPR R

GHVORFDPHQWR GH YHUEDV RUoDPHQWiULDV SDUD R DWHQGLPHQWR GH SUHFHLWRV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLVSRUPHLRGHXPDSRQGHUDomRHQWUHRVEHQVMXUtGLFRVHP

MRJR QmR VHQGR D FOiXVXOD GD UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO XP HPSHFLOKR SDUD

331

ARANGO, Rodolfo. Direitos Fundamentais Sociais, Justiça Constitucional e Democracia. Revista do

Ministério Público do Rio Grande do Sul, n. 56, p. 89-103, Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, set./dez. 2005,

p. 99.

332

ROCHA, Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha. O mínimo existencial e o princípio da reserva do possível.

Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos Constitucionais, Belo Horizonte, n. 5, p. 448, jan./jun. 2005.

333

ROCHA, Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha. O mínimo existencial e o princípio da reserva do possível.

Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos Constitucionais, Belo Horizonte, n. 5, p. 460, jan./jun. 2005

334

KRELL, Andreas. Direitos Sociais e Controle Judicial no Brasil e Alemanha: os (des)caminhos de um

direito constitucional “comparado”. Porto Alegre: Sergio Fabris Editor, 2002, p. 102.

335

Ibidem, p. 53.

110

WDQWR SRLV DV QRUPDV  OHJDLV LQIHULRUHV GHYHP SUHVWDU KRPHQDJHP DRV

YDORUHV PDLRUHV SUHVHQWHV QD /HL 0DLRU 1HVVH VHQWLGR DVVHYHUD R MXL]

IHGHUDO(XJrQLR5RVD



3RUWDQWR R SULQFtSLR GD UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO GHYHUi VHU

SRQGHUDGR FRPDV UHJUDV GR GLUHLWR ILQDQFHLUR YHLFXODGRUDV

GRGLUHLWRPDWHULDOGHUHDUUDQMRGDVGRWDo}HVRUoDPHQWiULDV

FROPDWDQGRHYHQWXDOYiFXRUHJXODPHQWDUTXHIUXVWHRXLQLED

D UHJXODU IUXLomR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV JDUDQWLGRV SHOD

RUGHPFRQVWLWXFLRQDO





2 DXWRU FLWDGR HVFODUHFH DLQGD D SRVVLELOLGDGH

FRQIHULGDSHOD/HLQ/HL2UoDPHQWiULD$QXDOSDUDDR

3RGHU ([HFXWLYR SDUD TXH HVWH SRU GHFUHWR FULH FUpGLWRV VXSOHPHQWDUHV

QRFDVRGHH[FHVVRGHDUUHFDGDomR



'HIDWRRVDUWVHGDQRUPD

FLWDGD SHUPLWLDP D PDMRUDomR GH JDVWRV QR FDVR GH H[FHVVR GH

DUUHFDGDomRVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHPDLRUHVIRUPDOLGDGHV

9rVH SRLV D H[LVWrQFLD GH VXSRUWH QRUPDWLYR

LQIUDOHJDO SDUD R DIDVWDPHQWR GR SULQFtSLR GD YLQFXODWLYLGDGH

RUoDPHQWiULDVXSRUWHHVVHQHPVHPSUHpQHFHVViULRQDDWXDomRGR3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR HP SURFHVVRV MXGLFLDLV SRLV HVWH SRGH HP FRQGLo}HV

H[FHSFLRQDLV H SDUD GDU FXPSULPHQWR D SUHFHLWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV GH DOWD

GHQVLGDGHD[LROyJLFDGHWHUPLQDUDR$GPLQLVWUDGRU3~EOLFRTXHSURPRYDR

UHDUUDQMR GDV YHUEDV RUoDPHQWiULDV D ILP GH TXH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

VRFLDLVVHMDPHIHWLYDPHQWHFXPSULGRV

1RTXHVHUHIHUHjFRQFUHWL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV±

VD~GHHHGXFDomRSULQFLSDOPHQWH±HDDFHLWDomRGRSULQFtSLRGDUHVHUYD

GR SRVVtYHO QR kPELWR GD MXULVGLomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO SURPRYLGD SHOR 67)

QRWHVH TXH D WHQGrQFLD p QR VHQWLGR GD MXVWLFLDELOLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVDLQGDTXHDDWXDomRGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULDGHYDRFRUUHU³HPEDVHV

H[FHSFLRQDLV´

336

ARAÚJO, Eugênio Rosa de. O princípio da reserva do possível e ponderação com regras a ele

pertinentes: viagem na irrealidade do cotidiano financeiro. Revista da Seção Judiciária do Rio de Janeiro,

n. 15, p. 34, 2005.

337

Ibidem, p. 24-27.

111

'H IDWR QR MXOJDPHQWR GR 5( 63 UHO 0LQ

&HOVRGH0HOOR



ILFRXGHFLGLGRTXHFRPSHWHDRPXQLFtSLRRDWHQGLPHQWR

GHFULDQoDVHPFUHFKHVHSUpHVFRODVDWpRVDQRVGHLGDGHVHQGRWDO

GLUHLWRGHFDUiWHUVRFLDOHIXQGDPHQWDO2WULEXQDOHQWHQGHXTXHFRPSHWH

DR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRDLQGDTXHH[FHSFLRQDOPHQWHGHWHUPLQDUDUHDOL]DomR

GHSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQHVVHVHQWLGR&RQILUDVHDHPHQWDGRMXOJDGR



( 0 ( 1 7 $ 5(&8562 (;75$25',1È5,2  &5,$1d$ '(

$7e 6(,6 $126 '( ,'$'(  $7(1',0(172 (0 &5(&+( (

(0 35e(6&2/$  ('8&$d2 ,1)$17,/  ',5(,72

$66(*85$'23(/235Ï35,27(;72&2167,78&,21$/&)

$57  ,9  &2035((162 */2%$/ '2 ',5(,72

&2167,78&,21$/ ¬ ('8&$d2  '(9(5 -85Ë',&2 &8-$

(;(&8d2 6( ,03®( $2 32'(5 3Ò%/,&2 127$'$0(17(

$2 081,&Ë3,2 &) $57     5(&8562

,03529,'2

 $ HGXFDomR LQIDQWLO UHSUHVHQWD SUHUURJDWLYD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

LQGLVSRQtYHO TXH GHIHULGD jV FULDQoDV D HVWDV DVVHJXUD

SDUD HIHLWR GH VHX GHVHQYROYLPHQWR LQWHJUDO H FRPR

SULPHLUD HWDSD GR SURFHVVR GH HGXFDomR EiVLFD R

DWHQGLPHQWR HP FUHFKH H R DFHVVR j SUpHVFROD &) DUW

,9

 (VVD SUHUURJDWLYD MXUtGLFD HP FRQVHTrQFLD LPS}H DR

(VWDGR SRU HIHLWR GD DOWD VLJQLILFDomR VRFLDO GH TXH VH

UHYHVWH D HGXFDomR LQIDQWLO D REULJDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GH

FULDU FRQGLo}HV REMHWLYDV TXH SRVVLELOLWHP GH PDQHLUD

FRQFUHWD HP IDYRU GDV FULDQoDV GH ]HUR D VHLV DQRV GH

LGDGH&)DUW,9RHIHWLYRDFHVVRHDWHQGLPHQWRHP

FUHFKHVHXQLGDGHVGHSUpHVFRODVRESHQDGHFRQILJXUDUVH

LQDFHLWiYHO RPLVVmR JRYHUQDPHQWDO DSWD D IUXVWUDU

LQMXVWDPHQWH SRU LQpUFLD R LQWHJUDO DGLPSOHPHQWR SHOR

3RGHU3~EOLFRGHSUHVWDomRHVWDWDOTXHOKHLPS{VRSUySULR

WH[WRGD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDO

 $ HGXFDomR LQIDQWLO SRU TXDOLILFDUVH FRPR GLUHLWR

IXQGDPHQWDO GH WRGD FULDQoD QmR VH H[S}H HP VHX

SURFHVVR GH FRQFUHWL]DomR D DYDOLDo}HV PHUDPHQWH

GLVFULFLRQiULDVGD$GPLQLVWUDomR3~EOLFDQHPVHVXERUGLQDD

UD]}HVGHSXURSUDJPDWLVPRJRYHUQDPHQWDO

 2V 0XQLFtSLRV  TXH DWXDUmR SULRULWDULDPHQWH QR HQVLQR

IXQGDPHQWDOHQDHGXFDomRLQIDQWLO&)DUWQmR

SRGHUmRGHPLWLUVHGRPDQGDWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOMXULGLFDPHQWH

YLQFXODQWH TXHOKHVIRLRXWRUJDGRSHORDUW,9GD /HL

)XQGDPHQWDO GD 5HS~EOLFD H TXH UHSUHVHQWD IDWRU GH

OLPLWDomR GD GLVFULFLRQDULHGDGH SROtWLFRDGPLQLVWUDWLYD GRV

HQWHVPXQLFLSDLVFXMDVRSo}HVWUDWDQGRVHGRDWHQGLPHQWR

338

STF, 2ª Turma, julg. 22/11/2005, DJU 03/02/2006, p. 76.

112

GDV FULDQoDV HP FUHFKH &) DUW  ,9 QmR SRGHP VHU

H[HUFLGDV GH PRGR D FRPSURPHWHUFRP DSRLR HP MXt]RGH

VLPSOHV FRQYHQLrQFLD RX GH PHUD RSRUWXQLGDGH D HILFiFLD

GHVVHGLUHLWREiVLFRGHtQGROHVRFLDO

 (PERUD UHVLGD SULPDULDPHQWH QRV 3RGHUHV /HJLVODWLYR H

([HFXWLYR D SUHUURJDWLYD GH IRUPXODU H H[HFXWDU SROtWLFDV

S~EOLFDVUHYHODVHSRVVtYHOQRHQWDQWRDR3RGHU-XGLFLiULR

GHWHUPLQDU DLQGD TXH HP EDVHV H[FHSFLRQDLV

HVSHFLDOPHQWH QDV KLSyWHVHV GH SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV GHILQLGDV

SHODSUySULD&RQVWLWXLomRVHMDPHVWDVLPSOHPHQWDGDVSHORV

yUJmRV HVWDWDLV LQDGLPSOHQWHV FXMD RPLVVmR  SRU LPSRUWDU

HP GHVFXPSULPHQWR GRV HQFDUJRV SROtWLFRMXUtGLFRV TXH

VREUHHOHVLQFLGHPHPFDUiWHUPDQGDWyULRPRVWUDVHDSWD

DFRPSURPHWHUDHILFiFLDHDLQWHJULGDGHGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVH

FXOWXUDLVLPSUHJQDGRVGHHVWDWXUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO$TXHVWmR

SHUWLQHQWHjUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHO'RXWULQD



1HVVHMXOJDPHQWRRUHODWRURPLQLVWUR&HOVRGH0HOOR

DVVHYHURX HP VHX YRWR TXH HPERUD D DWXDomR GR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR QD

VHDUDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV± QRFDVRFRQFUHWRRGDHGXFDomR±VHGrGH

IRUPD H[FHSFLRQDO p SRVVtYHO D FRQFUHWL]DomR MXGLFLDO QR FDVR GH FODUR

GHVFXPSULPHQWR SHOR 3RGHU 3~EOLFR GRV HQFDUJRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV D HOH

DWULEXtGRV$VVLPQDYLVmRGR67)D



&OiXVXOD GD ³UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO´ UHVVDOYDGD D RFRUUrQFLD

GH MXVWR PRWLYR REMHWLYDPHQWH DIHUtYHO ± QmR SRGH VHU

LQYRFDGD SHOR (VWDGR FRP D ILQDOLGDGH GH H[RQHUDUVH

GRORVDPHQWH GR FXPSULPHQWR GH VXDV REULJDo}HV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV QRWDGDPHQWH TXDQGR GHVVD FRQGXWD

JRYHUQDPHQWDO QHJDWLYD SXGHU UHVXOWDU QXOLILFDomR RX DWp

PHVPRDQLTXLODomRGHGLUHLWRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVLPSUHJQDGRV

GHXPVHQWLGRGHHVVHQFLDOIXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH





(P RXWUD RFDVLmR D 6XSUHPD &RUWH DR DQDOLVDU R

GLUHLWR VRFLDO j VD~GH WDPEpP WHP GHX SUHYDOrQFLD j HIHWLYLGDGH GDV

QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR TXH VH UHIHUH j REULJDomR GH

IRUQHFLPHQWR GH PHGLFDPHQWRV HQWHQGHQGR TXH FRPSHWH DR 3RGHU

3~EOLFRWDOLQFXPErQFLD6REUHRWHPDFRQILUDVHDVVHJXLQWHVGHFLV}HV



(0(17$ $*5$92 5(*,0(17$/ 12 $*5$92 '(

,167580(172 )251(&,0(172 '( 0(',&$0(1726 $

339

STF, voto do ministro Celso de Mello no RE (Ag. Reg.) 410.715/SP.

113

3$&,(17( +,32668),&,(17( 2%5,*$d2 '2 (67$'2

3DFLHQWHFDUHQWHGHUHFXUVRVLQGLVSHQViYHLVjDTXLVLomRGRV

PHGLFDPHQWRV GH TXH QHFHVVLWD 2EULJDomR GR (VWDGR HP

IRUQHFrORV 3UHFHGHQWHV $JUDYR UHJLPHQWDO D TXH VH QHJD

SURYLPHQWR





(PHQWD 3$&,(17(6 &20 (648,=2)5(1,$ 3$5$1Ï,'( (

'2(1d$0$1Ë$&2'(35(66,9$&5Ð1,&$&20(3,6Ï',26

'( 7(17$7,9$ '( 68,&Ë',2  3(662$6 '(67,78Ë'$6 '(

5(&85626 ),1$1&(,526  ',5(,72 ¬ 9,'$ ( ¬ 6$Ò'( 

1(&(66,'$'(,03(5,26$'(6(35(6(59$53255$=®(6

'( &$5È7(5 e7,&2-85Ë',&2 $ ,17(*5,'$'( '(66(

',5(,72 (66(1&,$/  )251(&,0(172 *5$78,72 '(

0(',&$0(1726 ,1',63(16È9(,6 (0 )$925 '( 3(662$6

&$5(17(6  '(9(5 &2167,78&,21$/ '2 (67$'2 &)

$576&$387(35(&('(17(667)$%862

'2 ',5(,72 '( 5(&255(5  ,0326,d2 '( 08/7$ 

5(&8562 '( $*5$92 ,03529,'2 2 ',5(,72 ¬ 6$Ò'(

5(35(6(17$ &216(4hÇ1&,$ &2167,78&,21$/

,1',662&,È9(/ '2 ',5(,72 ¬ 9,'$  2 GLUHLWR S~EOLFR

VXEMHWLYR j VD~GH UHSUHVHQWD SUHUURJDWLYD MXUtGLFD

LQGLVSRQtYHO DVVHJXUDGD j JHQHUDOLGDGH GDV SHVVRDV SHOD

SUySULD &RQVWLWXLomR GD 5HS~EOLFD DUW  7UDGX] EHP

MXUtGLFR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHQWH WXWHODGR SRU FXMD LQWHJULGDGH

GHYHYHODUGHPDQHLUDUHVSRQViYHOR3RGHU3~EOLFRDTXHP

LQFXPEH IRUPXODU  H LPSOHPHQWDU  SROtWLFDV VRFLDLV H

HFRQ{PLFDV LG{QHDV TXH YLVHP D JDUDQWLU DRV FLGDGmRV R

DFHVVR XQLYHUVDO H LJXDOLWiULR j DVVLVWrQFLD IDUPDFrXWLFD H

PpGLFRKRVSLWDODU2GLUHLWRjVD~GHDOpPGHTXDOLILFDUVH

FRPR GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO TXH DVVLVWH D WRGDV DVSHVVRDV 

UHSUHVHQWD FRQVHTrQFLD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO LQGLVVRFLiYHO GR

GLUHLWR j YLGD 2 3RGHU 3~EOLFR TXDOTXHU TXH VHMD D HVIHUD

LQVWLWXFLRQDO GH VXD DWXDomR QR SODQR GD RUJDQL]DomR

IHGHUDWLYD EUDVLOHLUD QmR SRGH PRVWUDUVH LQGLIHUHQWH DR

SUREOHPDGDVD~GHGDSRSXODomRVRESHQDGHLQFLGLUDLQGD

TXH SRU FHQVXUiYHO RPLVVmR HP JUDYH FRPSRUWDPHQWR

LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDO $ ,17(535(7$d2 '$ 1250$

352*5$0È7,&$1232'(75$16)250È/$(03520(66$

&2167,78&,21$/ ,1&216(4h(17(  2 FDUiWHU

SURJUDPiWLFRGDUHJUDLQVFULWDQRDUWGD&DUWD3ROtWLFD

TXH WHP SRU GHVWLQDWiULRV WRGRV RV HQWHV SROtWLFRV TXH

FRPS}HP QR SODQR LQVWLWXFLRQDO D RUJDQL]DomR IHGHUDWLYD

GR (VWDGR EUDVLOHLUR  QmR SRGH FRQYHUWHUVH HP SURPHVVD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO LQFRQVHTHQWH VRE SHQD GH R 3RGHU 3~EOLFR

IUDXGDQGR MXVWDV H[SHFWDWLYDV QHOH GHSRVLWDGDV SHOD

FROHWLYLGDGHVXEVWLWXLUGHPDQHLUDLOHJtWLPDRFXPSULPHQWR

GHVHXLPSRVWHUJiYHOGHYHUSRUXPJHVWRLUUHVSRQViYHOGH

LQILGHOLGDGH JRYHUQDPHQWDO DR TXH GHWHUPLQD D SUySULD /HL

)XQGDPHQWDO GR (VWDGR ',675,%8,d2 *5$78,7$ $

340

STF, 2ª Turma, julg. 26/06/2007, DJU 17/08/2007, min. Eros Grau.

114

3(662$6 &$5(17(6 '( 0(',&$0(1726 (66(1&,$,6 ¬

35(6(59$d2 '( 68$ 9,'$ (28 '( 68$ 6$Ò'( 80

'(9(5 &2167,78&,21$/ 48( 2 (67$'2 12 32'(

'(,;$5 '( &8035,5  2 UHFRQKHFLPHQWR MXGLFLDO GD

YDOLGDGH MXUtGLFD GH SURJUDPDV GH GLVWULEXLomR JUDWXLWD GH

PHGLFDPHQWRVDSHVVRDVFDUHQWHVGiHIHWLYLGDGHDSUHFHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV GD &RQVWLWXLomR GD 5HS~EOLFD DUWV 

FDSXWHHUHSUHVHQWDQDFRQFUHomRGRVHXDOFDQFH

XPJHVWR UHYHUHQWH H VROLGiULR GH DSUHoR j YLGD HjVD~GH

GDVSHVVRDVHVSHFLDOPHQWHGDTXHODVTXHQDGDWrPHQDGD

SRVVXHP D QmR VHU D FRQVFLrQFLD GH VXD SUySULD

KXPDQLGDGHHGHVXDHVVHQFLDOGLJQLGDGH>@





1HVVH ~OWLPR MXOJDPHQWR R 67) SRU PHLR GR

HQWHQGLPHQWRGR UHODWRU&HOVR GH0HOOR HQWHQGHX TXH RGLUHLWR jVD~GH

³VH TXDOLILFD FRPR GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR LQDOLiYHO

 DVVHJXUDGR D WRGRV SHOD

SUySULD &RQVWLWXLomR GD 5HS~EOLFD´ JULIR QRVVR SUHYDOHFH FRPR

SUHUURJDWLYDIXQGDPHQWDO FRQWUDR³LQWHUHVVH ILQDQFHLURHVHFXQGiULRGR

(VWDGR´GHIRUPDTXHDGHFLVmRMXGLFLDOFRUUHWDpDTXHODTXH³RUHVSHLWR

LQGHFOLQiYHOjYLGDHjVD~GHKXPDQDV´

5HYHODVH FODUD SRUWDQWR D WHQGrQFLD MXULVSUXGHQFLDO

QRVHQWLGRGDUHMHLomRGHXPDPDLRUIRUoDMXUtGLFDjFOiXVXODGDUHVHUYD

GR SRVVtYHO SRLV HVWD IXQGDPHQWDVH SULQFLSDOPHQWH HP LQWHUHVVHV

ILQDQFHLURVGR(VWDGRRVTXDLVQmRVmRFRPSDUDGRVjIXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH

GRVGLUHLWRVVRFDLVjHGXFDomRHjVD~GHSRUH[HPSOR



341

STF, 2ª Turma, julg. 12/12/2006, DJU 02/02/2007, min. Celso de Mello.

115



0LFURVVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOGRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV&tYHLV



&RQVLGHUDo}HVLQLFLDLV



&RQFOXtGDDSULPHLUDSDUWHGRWUDEDOKRGLUHFLRQDGDDR

HVWXGR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV FDEH QHVWH WySLFR H[SOLFLWDU R

PRGR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GR VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV FtYHLV D ILP GH TXH VH SRVVD DQDOLVDU GH TXH IRUPD R VLVWHPD

SRGHRXQmRDWHQGHUDRGHVHMRGHFRQFUHWL]DomRPDLVHIHWLYDGHGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV

2VMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVFtYHLVIRUDPLQWURGX]LGRV

QR QRVVR RUGHQDPHQWR MXUtGLFR D SDUWLU GD HGLomR GD (PHQGD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDOQ



QRUPDTXHDXWRUL]RXDOHLIHGHUDODLQVWDOiORV

DRODGRGRVMiH[LVWHQWHVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVHVWDGXDLVHVWHVSUHYLVWRVQD

UHGDomR RULJLQDO GD &RQVWLWXLomR GH  H UHJXODPHQWDGRV SHOD /HL Q

 2V MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HP JHUDO WDQWR R HVWDGXDO FRPR R

IHGHUDO VH LQVHUHP GHQWUR GH SHUVSHFWLYD GH ³VXPDUL]DomR GR

SURFHGLPHQWR´ QXPD WHQWDWLYD OHJLVODWLYD GH ³DSUHVVDU D SUHVWDomR

MXULVGLFLRQDO´WHQGRHPYLVWDRULWRHVSHFLDOGHOLQHDGRQDVUHVSHFWLYDVOHLV

VHPSUHQRVHQWLGRGDLQIRUPDOLGDGHVLPSOLILFDomRHUHGXomRGHSUD]RV





1R SODQR LQIUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV IRUDP LQVWDODGRV DSyV D HGLomR GD /HL Q  TXH

GHWHUPLQRX R LQtFLR HIHWLYR GRV WUDEDOKRV D SDUWLU GR PrV GH MDQHLUR GH

 $ UHIHULGD OHL WURX[H HQRUPHV LQRYDo}HV SRVLWLYDV TXDQWR DR

IXQFLRQDPHQWR GD -XULVGLomR )HGHUDO HVSHFLDOPHQWH QR TXH WDQJH DRV

LGHDLV GH VLPSOLILFDomR LQIRUPDOLGDGH H FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDLV DV TXDLV

VHUmRDVHJXLUGHWDOKDGDV

3RGHVH PHVPR DILUPDU SDVVDGRV DOJXQV DQRV GD

LQVWDODomRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVTXHRQRYRVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDO

342

“§ 1º Lei federal disporá sobre a criação de juizados especiais no âmbito da Justiça Federal.”

343

MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. Temas de direito processual: oitava série. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2004, p. 91.

116

DSUHVHQWRX FRQWRUQRV ³UHYROXFLRQiULRV´ SRLV FDXVDV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV

SDVVDUDP D VHU UHVROYLGDV HP FXUWR ODSVR WHPSRUDO FRQWUDULDQGR D

WUDGLomR HQWmR HP YLJRU GH GHPRUD GH DQRV SDUD R UHFHELPHQWR GH

GLUHLWRV SUHYLGHQFLiULRV ( WDO UHYROXomR QDV FDXVDV GH PHQRU

FRPSOH[LGDGHHFRQ{PLFDWHYHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDSDUDDVSHVVRDVPHQRV

IDYRUHFLGDVHFRQRPLFDPHQWHTXH FRPS}HP DPDLRU SDUWHGDSRSXODomR

EUDVLOHLUD HP UHODomR jV TXDLV R DWUDVR QR DQGDPHQWR GH SURFHVVRV

QRWDGDPHQWH DTXHOHV HQYROYHQGR GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV p IDWRU GH UHOHYDQWH

JUDYLGDGH H TXH S}H HP ULVFR D VHJXUDQoD VRFLRHFRQ{PLFD GHVVDV

SHVVRDV

( D H[SHULrQFLD WHP PRVWUDGR DLQGD TXH R DGYHQWR

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVUHYHORXXPDH[WUHPDOLWLJLRVLGDGHFRQWLGD

WHQGRHPYLVWDRJUDQGHFUHVFLPHQWRGRQ~PHURGHQRYDVDo}HVDMXL]DGDV

QRV DQRV TXH VH VHJXLUDP j HIHWLYD LQVWDODomR GDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV FRP

FRPSHWrQFLDSDUDDVFDXVDVGHPHQRUSRWHQFLDORIHQVLYR





3RURXWURODGRpFHUWRTXHRVLVWHPDQRUPDWLYRFULDGR

SHODV/HLVQVHIDYRUHFHDWXWHODMXULVGLFLRQDOGRV

KLSRVVXILFLHQWHVPDVQmRVyDGHOHVYDOHUHJLVWUDUSRLVWRGRVDVFODVVHV

VRFLDLV GHPDQGDP QRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV ± VHQGR TXH

JHUDOPHQWHDVFDXVDVDMXL]DGDV QRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLV±DRFRQWUiULRGDV

DMXL]DGDVQRVMXL]DGRVHVWDGXDLV±HQYROYHPGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVLQHUHQWHVDR

SUySULR SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD  SRLV HP PXLWDV

GHODV HVWi HP MRJR R GLUHLWR jV FRQGLo}HV PDWHULDLV PtQLPDV SDUD XPD

VREUHYLYrQFLDKXPDQDGLJQD

( D H[SHULrQFLD FRWLGLDQD QRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV FtYHLV WHP VLGR GH H[WUHPD LPSRUWkQFLD QR FRQWH[WR DWXDO GH

WHQWDWLYDGHFRQFUHWL]DomRHIHWLYDGHQRVVD&RQVWLWXLomRSRLVQmRVHSRGH

344

TOURINHO Neto, Fernando da Costa; FIGUEIRA JÚNIOR, Joel Dias. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis e

Criminais: comentários à Lei 10.259, de 10/07/2001. RT: São Paulo, 2002, p. 45-49. Os autores previram a

grande litigiosidade contida para demandas de baixo valor, aduzindo que logo após a vigência da Lei n. 10.259, a

procura pelo ingresso de ações na Justiça Federal aumentou bastante, fato esse que se confirmou plenamente nos

anos de 2002 a 2006, principalmente, como mostram as estatísticas da Justiça Federal. De fato, já no ano de

2004, o número de feitos ajuizados nos juizados especiais federais superou o número de processos ajuizados nas

varas federais comuns: 1.533.000 contra 1.109.677.

117

HVTXHFHU TXH DLQGD SHUVLVWH XP IRUWH GpILFLW QD HIHWLYDomR GH XP

YHUGDGHLUR(VWDGR6RFLDOH'HPRFUiWLFRGH'LUHLWR





$SHVDUGRVDYDQoRVLQWURGX]LGRVSHODVFLWDGDVOHLVHP

IDYRU GRV MXULVGLFLRQDGRV PHQRV GHVSURYLGRV GH UHFXUVRV PDWHULDLV p

SUHFLVR UHFRQKHFHU TXH DLQGD VmR QHFHVViULRV DMXVWHV SDUD XPD PDLRU

FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO ILQDOLGDGH GHVHMDGD SHOD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO H

WDPEpP SHOD &RQYHQomR $PHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV 3DFWR GH 6mR

-RVpGD&RVWD5LFD





3RU RXWUR ODGR QmR GHL[D GH VHU FXULRVR TXH Mi Ki

TXHP GHIHQGD D XWLOL]DomR GRV SDUDGLJPDV SURJUHVVLVWDV GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SDUD R SURFHVVDPHQWR GRV IHLWRV GDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV

FRPXQV





+LVWyULFRHFRQVLGHUDo}HVJHUDLV



2V MXL]DGRV GH SHTXHQDV FDXVDV SUHGHFHVVRUHV GRV

MXL]DGRVHVWDGXDLVFULDGRVSHOD/HLQVXUJLUDPGHVGHRDQRGH

TXDQGRIRLHGLWDGDD/HLGHHWURX[HUDPXPQRYR

SDUDGLJPDSDUDRSURFHVVRFLYLOSiWULRTXHSURFXUDYDDOWHUDURVFRQFHLWRV

H PHQWDOLGDGHV WUDGLFLRQDLV TXH QmR FRPSUHHQGLDP R SURFHVVR FRPR

IRUPD GH H[HUFtFLR GH SRGHU GHPRFUiWLFD 'H IDWR VHJXQGR &kQGLGR 5

'LQDPDUFR



$/HLGDV3HTXHQDV&DXVDVOHLQGHTXH

GLVSXQKD VREUH D FULDomR GH IXQFLRQDPHQWR GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV GH SHTXHQDV FDXVDV IRL SRUWDGRUD GH XPD

345

Cf., KRELL, Andreas. Direitos Sociais e Controle Judicial no Brasil e Alemanha: os (des)caminhos de um

direito constitucional “comparado”. Porto Alegre: Sergio Fabris Editor, 2002, p. 17-18, para quem a efetivação

real de direitos sociais é uma necessidade da sociedade brasileira, tendo em vista os péssimos índices

socioeconômicos da maioria da população.

346

Com efeito, a celeridade processual, ou o direito ao processo em tempo razoável, constitui-se, atualmente, de

garantia constitucional expressa, a partir da EC n. 45/2004, que introduziu o inciso LXXVIII no art. 5º da CF/88.

Ademais, trata-se de princípio já acolhido em normas internacionais, conforme lição de CINTRA, Antônio

Carlos de Araújo; GRINOVER, Ada Pellegrini; DIMAMARCO, Cândido Rangel. Teoria Geral do Processo.

23. ed. Malheiros: São Paulo, 2007, p. 91-93.

347

OLIVEIRA, Rodrigo Navarro de. A avaliação de produtividade dos juízes federais e as causas limitadoras da

prestação jurisdicional. Revista do Centros de Estudos Judiciários do Conselho da Justiça Federal, ano X, n. 32,

p. 57-65, mar. 2006, p. 59.

118

SURSRVWDUHYROXFLRQiULDPXLWRPDLVSURIXQGDTXHDGHPHUD

LQVWLWXLomRGHQRYRVyUJmRV QRFRQWH[WRGR3RGHU -XGLFLiULR

>@

(OD SUHWHQGHX VHU H IRL HIHWLYDPHQWH R PDUFR OHJLVODWLYR

LQLFLDOGHXPPRYLPHQWRPXLWRPDLVDPELFLRVRHFRQVFLHQWH

QRVHQWLGRGHUHYHULQWHJUDOPHQWHYHOKRVFRQFHLWRVGHGLUHLWR

SURFHVVXDO H DEDODU SHOD HVWUXWXUD DQWLJRV KiELWRV

HQUDL]DGRV QD PHQWDOLGDGH GRV SURILVVLRQDLV SUiWLFDV

LUUDFLRQDLV LQFRPSDWtYHLV FRP D PRGHUQD FRQFHSomR

GHPRFUiWLFDGRH[HUFtFLRGRSRGHUDWUDYpVGDMXULVGLomR





2V MXL]DGRV GH SHTXHQDV FDXVDV VXUJLUDP SRUWDQWR

FRPRREMHWLYRGHIDFLOLWDURDFHVVRj-XVWLoDHGHWRUQDUPDLV³FpOHUHH

iJLO´ RV SURFHVVRV GH PHQRU YDORU H FRPSOH[LGDGH REMHWLYRV HVVHV

FRQFDWHQDGRV FRP R HVFRSR GH ³KXPDQL]DomR´ GR SURFHVVR FLYLO VXUJLGD

QDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGR 6pFXOR;;EHPUHODWDGD SRU0DXUR&DSSHOOHLWLH

%U\DQW*DUWKQDMiFOiVVLFDREUD³$FHVVRj-XVWLoD´





(PVHJXLGDD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGHDEDUFRXRV

SULQFtSLRV GR DPSOR DFHVVR j -XVWLoD H GR GHYLGR SURFHVVR OHJDO LQFLVRV

;;;9 H /9 GR DUW  H H[SUHVVDPHQWH SUHYLX D FULDomR GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVSDUDRMXOJDPHQWRGDVFDXVDVGH³PHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGH´



7DO

QRUPDWL]DomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO DOpP GH UHDILUPDU R FRPSURPLVVR FRP D

HIHWLYLGDGH GR SURFHVVR H FRP R DPSOR DFHVVR j -XVWLoD GHVGH ORJR

SURFXURX GHILQLU HP QtYHO FRQVWLWXFLRQDO DOJXPDV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVGLVSRQGRTXHVHULDPREVHUYDGRVQDUHJXODomROHJDOGD

PDWpULD RV SDUkPHWURV GD FHOHULGDGH GD RUDOLGDGH GD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH

WUDQVDomRGRMXOJDPHQWRGRVUHFXUVRVSRUPHLRGHWXUPDVIRUPDGDVSRU

MXt]HV GH SULPHLUR JUDX HWF 7XGR LVVR FRP R REMHWLYR GH FRQIHULU

HIHWLYLGDGHDRSULQFtSLRGHDPSORDFHVVRjMXULVGLomR

348

DINAMARCO, Cândido Rangel. Manual dos Juizados Especiais Cíveis. 2. ed. Malheiros: São Paulo, 2001,

p. 19.

349

Ibidem, p. 20-21.

350

“Art. 98. A União, no Distrito Federal e nos Territórios, e os Estados criarão:

I - juizados especiais, providos por juízes togados, ou togados e leigos, competentes para a conciliação, o

julgamento e a execução de causas cíveis de menor complexidade e infrações penais de menor potencial

ofensivo, mediante os procedimentos oral e sumaríssimo, permitidos, nas hipóteses previstas em lei, a transação

e o julgamento de recursos por turmas de juízes de primeiro grau;”

119

$WHQGHQGRVH j GHWHUPLQDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO IRL

LQLFLDOPHQWH HGLWDGD D /HL Q  TXH FULRX XP YHUGDGHLUR

PLFURVVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOSDUDDVFDXVDVGHPHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGHQRUPD

HVVD TXH GHILQLX DV QRUPDV JHUDLV DSOLFiYHLV DRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV H

GLVFLSOLQRXGHIRUPDLQGHSHQGHQWHHLQRYDGRUDDQWHR&yGLJRGH3URFHVVR

&LYLOGLYHUVRVDVSHFWRVGRSURFHGLPHQWRHVSHFLDORUDLQVWLWXtGRFRPRSRU

H[HPSOR RV SULQFtSLRV EiVLFRV LQIRUPDGRUHV GR VLVWHPD RV FULWpULRV GH

GHILQLomRGDFRPSHWrQFLDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVRVSRGHUHVHVSHFLDLVGR

MXL] D OLPLWDomR GR SyOR DWLYR D VLVWHPiWLFD GRV DWRV SURFHVVXDLV

LQFOXVLYHTXDQWRjVFLWDo}HVHLQWLPDo}HVDIRUPDGRSHGLGRRVWHUPRVH

IRUPDVGDFRQFLOLDomRHGDLQVWUXomRHMXOJDPHQWREHPFRPDGLVFLSOLQD

GDVSURYDVRVUHFXUVRVFDEtYHLVHRPRGRGDH[HFXomRGDVHQWHQoD

9DOH UHJLVWUDU D SURSyVLWR TXH WRGRV HVVHV DVSHFWRV

IRUDPWUDWDGRVGHIRUPDTXDVHTXHWRWDOPHQWHDXW{QRPDVHPUHIHUrQFLD

GLUHWDjHVWUXWXUD WUDGLFLRQDOGRGLUHLWR SURFHVVXDOFLYLOGHILQLGD HPVXDV

OLQKDVJHUDLVSHOR&3&



RTXDOIRLUHODWLYDPHQWH³HVTXHFLGR´QRkPELWR

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

&RP HIHLWR HP TXDVHQHQKXP GRVGLVSRVLWLYRV GD/HL

Q  Ki UHIHUrQFLD H[SUHVVD DR &3& H[FHWR QD GLVFLSOLQD GD

H[HFXomR TXH SUHYr H[SUHVVDPHQWH D DSOLFDomR VXEVLGLiULD GDTXHOH

FyGLJRQRVWHUPRVGRDUWFDSXWGD/HLQ



1RWHVHTXH

HVWDQRUPDVHTXHUSUHYrXPGLVSRVLWLYRIL[DQGRDDSOLFDomRVXEVLGLiULDGR

&3&QRULWRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVFtYHLV+iWmRVRPHQWHUHIHUrQFLDQR

DUW  j DSOLFDomR GRV &yGLJRV 3HQDO H GH 3URFHVVR 3HQDO SDUD D

GLVFLSOLQDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVSHQDLVPDVQmRTXDQWRDRVFtYHLV

351

Todavia, ainda pendem de melhor esclarecimento pela doutrina e jurisprudência quais os institutos do

processo civil tradicional que são aplicáveis, independentemente de referência expressa, no âmbito dos juizados

especiais. À primeira vista, me parece que a disciplina jurídico-processual das condições de ação, por exemplo,

tem ampla aplicação aos juizados, bem como outros institutos ou princípios de caráter geral informadores da

ciência processual pátria, como, por exemplo, a regulamentação dos deveres e responsabilidades das partes,

prevista no Capítulo II do Título II do CPC.

352

Há, ainda, referência ao CPC no art. 3º, II, da Lei n. 9.099/95, o qual prevê que as causas enumeradas no art.

275, II, do CPC são de competência dos juizados especiais (ações sumárias).

120

3RU ILP DSyV D DXWRUL]DomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO SDUD D

FULDomRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV



HGLWRXVHSDUDHVVHILPD/HL

Q

1DYHUGDGHDILQDOLGDGHGHVVDOHLIRLPDLVDGHDGDSWDU

DVQRUPDVJHUDLVGD/HLQSDUDVHDGHTXDURULWRGRVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVHVWDGXDLVjVSHFXOLDULGDGHVGRIDWRGD)D]HQGD3~EOLFDQRFDVR

D IHGHUDO SRGHU HVWDU HP MXt]R FRPR SDUWH Up R TXH QmR DFRQWHFLD

DQWHV



 ± QHP DFRQWHFH DLQGD ± QR kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV HP

IDFHGDQRUPDUHVWULWLYDGRDUWGD/HLQ

&RP HIHLWR D /HL Q  QR LQWXLWR GH

DSURYHLWDUWRGDDVLVWHPiWLFDSURFHVVXDODYDQoDGDHSURJUHVVLVWDGD/HLQ

GLVS{VGHIRUPDHORJLiYHORVHJXLQWHQRDUW



$UW 

 6mR LQVWLWXtGRV RV -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV &tYHLV H

&ULPLQDLVGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDODRVTXDLVVHDSOLFDQRTXHQmR

FRQIOLWDUFRPHVWD/HLRGLVSRVWRQD/HLQ

GHGH

VHWHPEURGH



3RGHVHFRQFOXLUDSDUWLUGDOHLWXUDGRGLVSRVLWLYRTXH

DQRUPD EiVLFDGRV MXL]DGRVIHGHUDLV FtYHLVpD SUySULD/HL Q

DGDSWDGDSHOD/HLQSDUDDUHDOLGDGHGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDO$

/HL Q  p QRUPD JHUDO HP UHODomR j /HL Q  VHQGR

HVWDHVSHFLDO'HIDWRDVVLPDVVHYHUD$QW{QLR&pVDU%RFKHQHN



>@ Ki SRVVLELOLGDGH GH WHUPRV XPD QRUPD HVSHFLDO HP

UHODomRDXPDQRUPDTXHMipHVSHFLDOFRPRQRVFDVRVGRV

-XL]DGRV DV GLVSRVLo}HV GD /HL  VmR HVSHFLDLV HP

UHODomRjVGLVSRVLo}HVGR&yGLJRGH3URFHVVR&LYLOPDVVmR

JHUDLVHPUHODomRjVQRUPDVGD/HLQTXHSRU

VXD YH] VmR HVSHFLDLV HP UHODomR jV QRUPDV GD /HL Q







353

Emenda Constitucional n. 22/99, que, conforme visto acima, introduziu no art. 98 da CF/88 a possibilidade de

instituição dos juizados especiais federais.

354

ALVIM, J. E. Carreira. Juizados Especiais Federais. Forense: Rio de Janeiro, 2002, p. 9-10.

355

BOCHENEK, Antônio César. Competência Cível da Justiça Federal e dos Juizados Especiais Federais

Cíveis. RT: São Paulo, 2004, p. 171.

121

2V MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV H IHGHUDLV SRUWDQWR H

HP VXPD FRQVLVWHP QXP VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO SHFXOLDU TXDVH TXH

WRWDOPHQWHDXW{QRPRHLQGHSHQGHQWHGR&3&GHPRGRTXHDVVROXo}HVH

LQWHUSUHWDo}HV GRV SUREOHPDV TXH VXUJHP QD VXD DSOLFDomR GLXWXUQD

GHYHP VHU DGHTXDGDV DRV FRQFHLWRV LQHUHQWHV H SHFXOLDUHV DR QRYR

VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO 2V RSHUDGRUHV GR 'LUHLWR GHYHP DIDVWDUVH GH

FRQFHSo}HV GRXWULQiULDV UHODFLRQDGDV DR GLUHLWR SRVLWLYR DQWHULRU jV

DOWHUDo}HV OHJLVODWLYDV HGLWDGDV D SDUWLU GH QRYRV UHFODPRV VRFLDLV

GHL[DQGRGH ODGRR DSHJRH[FHVVLYR jWUDGLomR /XL]*XLOKHUPH 0DULQRQL

WUD]DVVHJXLQWHVOLo}HVVREUHRHQIRTXHTXHVHGHYHGDUjVDOWHUDo}HVGD

WpFQLFDSURFHVVXDOGHQWURGDUHDOLGDGHGR³QRYRSURFHVVRFLYLO´EUDVLOHLUR



e DVVRPEURVR FRPR RSHUDGRUHV GR GLUHLWR QD PDLRULD GDV

YH]HV SRU GHVFRQKHFLPHQWR GDV UD]}HV GD OHL DFDEDP

UHDOL]DQGR LQWHUSUHWDo}HV TXH SULYLOHJLDP RV FRQFHLWRV

GRXWULQiULRV HP GHWULPHQWR GDV WUDQVIRUPDo}HV TXH VH

RSHUDUDPQDVRFLHGDGHHQR(VWDGR$DXVrQFLDGHFUtWLFDGD

OHL FRP D VRFLHGDGH DOLDGD j WHQGrQFLD ± QDWXUDO DR VHU

KXPDQR ± GH YHU R YHOKR QR QRYR DOpP GH UHGX]LU R

EHQHItFLR TXH R QRYR ³SURFHVVR FLYLO´ SRGH JHUDU SDUD D

VRFLHGDGH OLPLWD D VLJQLILFDomR VRFLDO GD GRXWULQD H GRV

DSOLFDGRUHVGRGLUHLWR





'HYHVH FRQFRUGDU IRUWHPHQWH FRP 0DULQRQL DLQGD

PDLV SRUTXH R VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV Mi FRQWHPSOD

XPD VpULH H[DXVWLYD GH SULQFtSLRV SURFHVVXDLV TXH VHUYHP FRPR

SDUkPHWUR H RULHQWDomR SDUD D LQWHUSUHWDomR H WRPDGD GH GHFLV}HV RV

TXDLV HVWmR FRQHFWDGDV FRP DV ILQDOLGDGHV HVSHFtILFDV GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV'HIDWRFRQILUDVHDQRUPDGRDUWGD/HLQTXH

HVWDEHOHFHWRGDXPDSULQFLSLRORJLDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV



$UW2SURFHVVRRULHQWDUVHiSHORVFULWpULRVGDRUDOLGDGH

VLPSOLFLGDGH LQIRUPDOLGDGH HFRQRPLD SURFHVVXDO H

FHOHULGDGHEXVFDQGRVHPSUHTXHSRVVtYHODFRQFLOLDomRRX

DWUDQVDomR



356

MARINONI, Luis Guilherme. Técnica processual e tutela dos direitos. RT: São Paulo, 2004, p. 99.

122

(VVDSULQFLSLRORJLDH[WHQVDFRQIHUHSRUWDQWRSDUDXVDU

D WHUPLQRORJLD GH 5REHUW $OH[\ XP DPSOR OHTXH GH ³PDQGDGRV GH

RWLPL]DomR´



GHVWLQDGRVDPHOKRUDUDHILFiFLDGRVFRQWH~GRVQRUPDWLYRV

SURFHVVXDLV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV GHQWUR GRV OLPLWHV IiWLFRV H MXUtGLFRV

SRVVtYHLV (P RXWUDV SDODYUDV RV SULQFtSLRV SURFHVVXDLV GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV SHUPLWHP DR DSOLFDGRU GR 'LUHLWR DR ODGR GDV UHJUDV MXUtGLFDV

SRVLWLYDV XPD DPSOD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHVROXomR GRV SUREOHPDV

SURFHVVXDLV H GH PHOKRUDPHQWR GD SUi[LV SURFHVVXDO VHP R DSHJR D

WUDGLo}HV MXUtGLFDV YHWXVWDV jV YH]HV SHUQLFLRVDV SDUD D QRYD UHDOLGDGH

SURFHVVXDOTXHVHLQVWLWXLXSURSRVLWDOPHQWHFRPDILQDOLGDGHGHDOWHUDURV

SDUDGLJPDVDQWLJRV

3RULVVRpTXH RRSHUDGRUGRVMXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV GHYH

WHUHVVDYLVmRLQRYDGRUDHSURJUHVVLVWDQRGLDDGLDGRVVHUYLoRVMXGLFLDLV

GHL[DQGR GH ODGR D GRJPiWLFD WUDGLFLRQDO GR &yGLJR GH 3URFHVVR &LYLO

QRWDGDPHQWHTXDQGRHODFRQWUDULDUDSULQFLSLRORJLDGRQRYRPLFURVVLVWHPD

SURFHVVXDO



&RPSHWrQFLDGRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV



4XDQWR j FRPSHWrQFLD MXULVGLFLRQDO GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVFtYHLV



D/HLQWURX[HLQRYDo}HVWHQGRHPYLVWD

D SUpIDODGD DGDSWDomR GR ULWR GD /HL Q  SDUD D UHDOLGDGH GD

-XVWLoD )HGHUDO SULQFLSDOPHQWH SHOD DGRomR GH XP FULWpULR GH YDORU GD

FDXVD VXSHULRU DR GRV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV PDLV FRQGL]HQWH FRP R SRGHU

HFRQ{PLFR GD 8QLmR )HGHUDO EHP FRPR SDUD SRVVLELOLWDU D SUHVHQoD GH

HQWLGDGHVIHGHUDLVS~EOLFDVQRSyORSDVVLYRGRVSURFHVVRV

357

ALEXY, Robert. Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do

Advogado, 2007, p. 37.

358

Competência é a delimitação de jurisdição para cada órgão do Poder Judiciário, em face do princípio da

divisão do trabalho, tendo em vista que não se poderia conferir a um único juiz o processamento e julgamento de

todos os tipos de causas de uma comunidade. Cf., ainda, ALVIM, J. E. Carreira. Juizados Especiais Federais.

Forense: Rio de Janeiro, 2002, p. 13, para quem “Competência é a quantidade de jurisdição atribuída pela

Constituição ou pela lei aos órgãos jurisdicionais para o julgamento de determinadas causas, segundo

determinados critérios (objetivo, territorial, funcional).”.

123



'HIDWRGLVS}HRDUWGD/HLQ



$UW

&RPSHWHDR-XL]DGR(VSHFLDO)HGHUDO&tYHOSURFHVVDU

FRQFLOLDU H MXOJDU FDXVDV GHFRPSHWrQFLD GD -XVWLoD)HGHUDO

DWp R YDORU GH VHVVHQWD VDOiULRV PtQLPRV EHP FRPR

H[HFXWDUDVVXDVVHQWHQoDV



 

 1mR VH LQFOXHP QD FRPSHWrQFLD GR -XL]DGR (VSHFLDO

&tYHODVFDXVDV



,UHIHULGDVQRDUWLQFLVRV,,,,,H;,GD&RQVWLWXLomR

)HGHUDO DV Do}HV GH PDQGDGR GH VHJXUDQoD GH

GHVDSURSULDomR GH GLYLVmR H GHPDUFDomR SRSXODUHV

H[HFXo}HV ILVFDLV H SRU LPSURELGDGH DGPLQLVWUDWLYD H DV

GHPDQGDV VREUHGLUHLWRV RXLQWHUHVVHV GLIXVRV FROHWLYRVRX

LQGLYLGXDLVKRPRJrQHRV

,,  VREUH EHQV LPyYHLV GD 8QLmR DXWDUTXLDV H IXQGDo}HV

S~EOLFDVIHGHUDLV

,,,SDUDDDQXODomRRXFDQFHODPHQWRGHDWRDGPLQLVWUDWLYR

IHGHUDO VDOYR R GH QDWXUH]D SUHYLGHQFLiULD H R GH

ODQoDPHQWRILVFDO

,9  TXH WHQKDP FRPR REMHWR D LPSXJQDomR GD SHQD GH

GHPLVVmRLPSRVWDDVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRVFLYLVRXGHVDQo}HV

GLVFLSOLQDUHVDSOLFDGDVDPLOLWDUHV





4XDQGRDSUHWHQVmRYHUVDUVREUHREULJDo}HVYLQFHQGDV

SDUD ILQV GH FRPSHWrQFLD GR -XL]DGR (VSHFLDO D VRPD GH

GR]HSDUFHODVQmRSRGHUiH[FHGHURYDORUUHIHULGRQRDUW



FDSXW





1RIRURRQGHHVWLYHULQVWDODGD9DUDGR-XL]DGR(VSHFLDO

DVXDFRPSHWrQFLDpDEVROXWD



1RWDVHSRLVTXHROLPLWHSDUDRDMXL]DPHQWRGHDo}HV

QRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVpGDRUGHPGHVDOiULRVPtQLPRVHQTXDQWRDOJXQV

WLSRVGHDo}HVQmRVmRDGPLWLGRVWDQWRSHODLQDGHTXDomRGRULWRFRPRR

PDQGDGR GH VHJXUDQoD D H[HFXomR ILVFDO D GHVDSURSULDomR D DomR

SRSXODU DV GHPDQGDV TXH HQYROYHP GLUHLWRV FROHWLYRV HWF FRPR SHOD

PDWpULDHQYROYLGDUHYLVmRGHDWRDGPLQLVWUDWLYRGHVDQo}HVGLVFLSOLQDUHV

UHODFLRQDGDV D EHQV LPyYHLV GD 8QLmR H DXWDUTXLDV GH LPSURELGDGH

DGPLQLVWUDWLYDHQWUHRXWUDV

$ HVFROKD GR /HJLVODGRU GH UHVWULQJLU GHWHUPLQDGRV

SURFHGLPHQWRV FHUWDPHQWH UHVXOWD GH UD]}HV GH SROtWLFD MXGLFLiULD QR

124

VHQWLGR GH DIDVWDU GRV MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLV FDXVDV GH PDLRU FRPSOH[LGDGH

TXH GHPDQGDULDP SURYDV H GLOLJrQFLDV FRPSOH[DV DV TXDLV QmR

SRVVLELOLWDULDPXPMXOJDPHQWRFpOHUHGRSURFHVVRRXPHVPRDWUDQVDomR

MXGLFLDO

1R TXH FRQFHUQH DRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV

QRWDVH D SHUIHLWD DGHTXDomR GD FRPSHWrQFLD IL[DGD OHJDOPHQWH DR

VLVWHPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHSURWHomRVRFLDOGD&RQVWLWXLomRGHWHQGR

HPYLVWDTXHRLQFLVR,,,WUDQVFULWRH[SUHVVDPHQWHSHUPLWHDDQXODomRGH

DWR DGPLQLVWUDWLYR SUHYLGHQFLiULR RX DVVLVWHQFLDO FRQIRUPH D

MXULVSUXGrQFLDSDFtILFDSRUPHLRGHDomRHVSHFLDOFtYHO

$VVLP D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH DMXL]DPHQWR QRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV GHVWH WLSR GH DomR FRQVLVWH QXP PDLRU UHIRUoR GD GHVHMDGD

FRQFUHWL]DomR HIHWLYD GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV VHQGR TXH

HYHQWXDO SURLELomR OHJDO GH DMXL]DPHQWR GH Do}HV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV QRV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV LPSOLFDULD HP IODJUDQWH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH

SRLVFHUWDPHQWHHVWHWLSRGHFDXVDpGHEDL[DFRPSOH[LGDGHHSRUWDQWR

GHYHULDVHUDEDUFDGDSHORPLFURVVLVWHPDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

FXMR IXQGDPHQWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO DSHQDVLPSHGHR UHFHELPHQWR GHFDXVDV

GHPDLRUFRPSOH[LGDGHFRQIRUPHH[SOLFDUVHiHPVHJXLGD



&RQFHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHFDXVDGHPHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGH



1DV FDXVDV QmR YHGDGDV SHOR   GR DUW  FLWDGR

UHVWDDSULQFtSLRFRPR~QLFRFULWpULRGHILQLGRUGDFRPSHWrQFLDRYDORUGD

FDXVDRXVHMDDPHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGHGDFDXVDpGHILQLGDH[FOXVLYDPHQWH

SHOR VHX YDORU 7RGDYLD WDO GLVSRVLWLYR PHUHFH XPD OHLWXUD HP

FRQVRQkQFLD FRP D QRUPD GR DUW  , GD &) D TXDO FRQIHUH XPD

GHWHUPLQDomRDROHJLVODGRUQRVHQWLGRGHDSHUIHLoRDUDRPi[LPRRULWRGRV

MXL]DGRVVHPSHUPLWLURSURFHVVDPHQWRGHFDXVDVPHVPRTXHGHEDL[R

YDORU PDV TXH DSUHVHQWHP PDLRU FRPSOH[LGDGH SUREDWyULD SDUD QmR

SUHMXGLFDUDFHOHULGDGHTXHVHHVSHUDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

125

&RPHIHLWRDW{QLFDGDGDSHOD&RQVWLWXLomRQRTXHVH

UHIHUHjFRPSHWrQFLDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVGLUHFLRQRXVHSDUDFDXVDVGH

PHQRUFRPSOH[LGDGHRXVHMDDTXHODVTXHQmRGHPDQGDPXPDSURGXomR

SUREDWyULDPDLVFRPSOH[DHRXGXUDGRXUD

1HVVHVHQWLGRDUHJUDFRQVLJQDGDQRDUWGD/HLQ

 TXH SUHYr D FRPSHWrQFLD DEVROXWD GRV -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV

)HGHUDLV SDUD FDXVDV GH YDORU LQIHULRU D  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV GHYH VHU

LQWHUSUHWDGD j OX] GR SUySULR GLVSRVLWLYR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO TXH LQVWLWXLX D

-XVWLoD GH PHQRU FRPSOH[LGDGH VHP HVTXHFHU DLQGD D QRUPDWL]DomR

JHUDO QR FDPSR LQIUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDO GDGD SHOD /HL Q  'H IDWR

QHVVDOHLDSURGXomRSUREDWyULDpUHJXODGDGHIRUPDVLPSOLILFDGDQmRVH

SHUPLWLQGR VHTXHU R H[DPH SHULFLDO WDO FRPR FRQFHELGR SHOR &3& PDV

DSHQDVXPDLQTXLULomRGHWpFQLFRVGHFRQILDQoDQDSUySULDDXGLrQFLDDUW

 FDSXW RX DLQGD XPD LQVSHomR VXPiULD D VHU UHDOL]DGD SHOR MXL] RX

SHVVRD GH VXD FRQILDQoD TXH ³OKH UHODWDUi LQIRUPDOPHQWH R YHULILFDGR´

DUWSDUiJUDIR~QLFR

6HQGR XP PLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO PDLV FpOHUH H

LQIRUPDORVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVSRVVXHPHPFRQWUDSDUWLGDHGHIRUPDD

RSHUDFLRQDOL]DUHVWHLQWHQWRXPSURFHGLPHQWRPDLVVLPSOLILFDGRTXHQmR

SURSRUFLRQD XP FRQWUDGLWyULR VXILFLHQWHPHQWH HOiVWLFR SDUD GLULPLU

GHPDQGDVTXHQHFHVVLWHPGHSURYDWpFQLFDGHPDLRUFRPSOH[LGDGH

5HJLVWUHVH TXH HVWHSRVLFLRQDPHQWR WHP UHVSDOGR HP

UHFHQWH GHFLVmR GD  7XUPD GR 67) FRQIRUPH QRWtFLD FROKLGD QR

,QIRUPDWLYRGH-XULVSUXGrQFLDQGDTXHOD&RUWHDGLDQWHWUDQVFULWD



$7XUPD UHIHUHQGRX GHFLVmRGR0LQ0DUFR $XUpOLRUHODWRU

TXHGHIHULUDPHGLGDFDXWHODUHPDomRFDXWHODUSURSRVWDSRU

HPSUHVD IDEULFDQWH GH FLJDUURV SDUD FRQFHGHU HIHLWR

VXVSHQVLYR D UHFXUVR H[WUDRUGLQiULR Mi HP WUDPLWDomR QD

&RUWHHPTXHVHDOHJDRIHQVDDRVDUWLJRV/,9H/9

  H  WRGRV GD &) 6XVWHQWD D UHFRUUHQWH D

LQFRPSHWrQFLD DEVROXWD GH MXL]DGR HVSHFLDO FtYHO SDUD R

MXOJDPHQWR GH DomR SURPRYLGD SDUD WUDWDPHQWR GH

GHSHQGrQFLDFDXVDGDSHORFLJDUURDRIXQGDPHQWRGHTXHD

FDXVD QmR VHULD GH PHQRU FRPSOH[LGDGH DSHVDU GR EDL[R

YDORU DWULEXtGR SHOD SDUWH RIHQVD DRV SULQFtSLRV GR

126

FRQWUDGLWyULRHGDDPSOD GHIHVD SRUTXDQWR IRUDSULYDGDGD

RSRUWXQLGDGH GH SURYDU VXDV DOHJDo}HV YLRODomRDR GHYLGR

SURFHVVR OHJDO SRU LQYHUVmR GR {QXV GD SURYD EHP FRPR

LQDGHTXDGD DSOLFDomR GD UHJUD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD

UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH FLYLO REMHWLYD GR (VWDGR HP UHODomR GH

FRQVXPR (QWHQGHXVH TXH D PDWpULD HQYROYLGD QR FDVR

FRQGX]LULD D TXHVWLRQDPHQWRV TXH H[WUDYDVDP D

VLPSOLFLGDGHSURFHVVXDOHDGLQkPLFDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

FtYHLV





1RPHVPRVHQWLGRSHQVD$QW{QLR&pVDU%RFKHQHNSDUD

TXHP



2YDORUGDGRjFDXVDQmRSRGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRFULWpULR~QLFR

HDEVROXWRSDUDVHDSXUDURTXHVHMDFDXVDFRPSOH[D>@

$VVLP DV Do}HV TXH DSUHVHQWHP TXHVW}HV MXUtGLFDV GH DOWD

FRPSOH[LGDGH RX QHFHVVLWDP GD SURGXomR GH SURYDV PDLV

GHWDOKDGDV FDUWDV SUHFDWyULDV RX URJDWyULDV FLWDomR SRU

HGLWDOHOHYDQGRQ~PHURGHWHVWHPXQKDVQmRVmRGHPHQRU

FRPSOH[LGDGHHHVWmRH[FOXtGDVGDFRPSHWrQFLDGR-XL]DGR

SRLV HVWD p D LQWHUSUHWDomR TXH VH FRDGXQD FRP D

GHWHUPLQDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H RV REMHWLYRV H RV SULQFtSLRV

QRUWHDGRUHVGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV





7RGDYLD D /HL Q  SUHYLX D UHDOL]DomR GH

XPDSURYDWpFQLFDQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVPDVRDUWGDFLWDGD

QRUPDQmRRHVWLSXORXXPDSURYDSHULFLDOFOiVVLFDQRVPROGHVGR&3&Mi

TXH R GLVSRVLWLYR SUHYLX WmRVRPHQWH D UHDOL]DomR GH XP ³H[DPH

WpFQLFR´SRU³SHVVRDKDELOLWDGD´'HVVDIRUPDQmRKDYHULDSURSULDPHQWH

XPDSHUtFLDQRVHQWLGRIRUPDOGR&3&PDVXPH[DPHQmRWmRDQDOtWLFRH

ULJRURVR

3RU LVVR PDQWpPVH R HQWHQGLPHQWR GHTXH WDPEpP

QRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVUHVWDLQYLiYHODUHDOL]DomRGHSHUtFLDVGH

JUDQGHFRPSOH[LGDGHDLQGDTXHDFDXVDWHQKDYDORULQIHULRUDVDOiULRV

359

Cf. Ação Cautelar 1.590 MC/SP, rel. Min. Marco Aurélio, 26.4.2007, colhida no informativo n. 464 daquela

Corte.

360

BOCHENEK, Antônio César. Competência Cível da Justiça Federal e dos Juizados Especiais Federais

Cíveis. RT: São Paulo, 2004, p. 182-183. Também no mesmo sentido: PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados

Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro: 2006, p.125-127; CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas.

Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p.

212.

127

PtQLPRVWHQGRHPYLVWDTXHWDOSURYDLPSOLFDULDQXPGHVYLUWXDPHQWRGR

SURFHGLPHQWRSUHYLVWRSDUDVHUVLPSOHVHFpOHUH

$SHVDU GLVVR QmR Ki FRPSURPHWLPHQWR SDUD R

UHFHELPHQWRQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGHFDXVDVHQYROYHQGRGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVSRLVHPJHUDODSURYDQHVVHVFDVRVGHSHQGHGHH[DPHPpGLFR

SDUDDWHVWD D FDSDFLGDGH RXLQFDSDFLGDGH ODERUDWLYDVHQGR WDLV H[DPHV

GH EDL[D FRPSOH[LGDGH RX GH SURYD WHVWHPXQKDO DV TXDLV QmR

FRPSURPHWHP D FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO DOPHMDGD SHOR PLFURVVLVWHPD

SURFHVVXDO



&RPSHWrQFLDDEVROXWDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV



2XWUDSHFXOLDULGDGHTXDQWRjFRPSHWrQFLDGRVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGL]UHVSHLWRjFRPSHWrQFLDDEVROXWDGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDO

SDUDRSURFHVVDPHQWRGHFDXVDVSHORULWRHVSHFLDOQDPHGLGDHPTXHR

DUW  GD /HL Q  QmR SHUPLWH D DSOLFDomR GHVVH ULWR SHOD

-XVWLoD (VWDGXDO 2X VHMD QmR KDYHQGR QR PXQLFtSLR GR DXWRU YDUD GD

-XVWLoD)HGHUDOLQVWDODGDGHYHHOHSURFXUDURPXQLFtSLRPDLVSUy[LPRHP

TXH R KDMD VHQGR LQYLiYHO D -XVWLoD (VWDGXDO DWXDU SRU PHLR GH

GHOHJDomR





7DO UHJUD QmR LQILUPD D QRUPD GR DUW    GD

&RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO GH  TXH SHUPLWH R MXOJDPHQWR GH FDXVDV

SUHYLGHQFLiULDVQD-XVWLoD(VWDGXDOSRLVRDXWRUVHPSUHSRGHUiRSWDUSRU

DMXL]DUDomRFRPXPRUGLQiULDRXVXPiULDFRQWUDD3UHYLGrQFLD6RFLDOQD

FRPDUFDGD-XVWLoD(VWDGXDOGHVXDUHVLGrQFLD

5HVVDOWHVH DLQGD TXH DR FRQWUiULR GR TXH DFRQWHFH

QRUHJLPHGD/HLQD/HLQH[SUHVVDPHQWHGLVS}H

361

“Art. 20. Onde não houver Vara Federal, a causa poderá ser proposta no Juizado Especial Federal mais

próximo do foro definido no art. 4

da Lei n

9.099, de 26 de setembro de 1995, vedada a aplicação desta Lei no

juízo estadual.”

128

VREUH D FRPSHWrQFLD DEVROXWD GH FDUiWHU IXQFLRQDO RX GH MXt]R



 GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVQRVORFDLVRQGHKRXYHUHPVLGRLQVWDODGRV





3RUWDQWR QmR SRGH R DXWRU HVFROKHU SRU H[HPSOR

DMXL]DU XPD DomR SUHYLGHQFLiULD GH YDORU LQIHULRU D  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV

HQWUHXPDYDUDIHGHUDOFRPXPHXPMXL]DGRHVSHFLDOIHGHUDOFtYHOGHVGH

TXHHVWHHVWHMDLQVWDODGR QRORFDOGHVXDUHVLGrQFLD&DVRQD FLGDGHHP

TXH PRUD R DXWRU QmR KRXYHU XP MXL]DGR HVSHFLDO IHGHUDO PDV DSHQDV

XPD YDUD IHGHUDO FRPXP RX PHVPR XPD YDUD FtYHO HVWDGXDO SRGH HOH

RSWDUHQWUHHVVDVRXRMXL]DGRHVSHFLDOIHGHUDOGRPXQLFtSLRPDLVSUy[LPR

jVXDUHVLGrQFLDQDIRUPDDXWRUL]DGDSHORDUWGD/HLQ

3RU ILP DLQGD TXH D FRPSHWrQFLD WHUULWRULDO GRV

MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLV VLJD D UHJUD GR DUW  GD /HL Q 



 GHYHVH

DWHQWDUSDUDDVDOWHUDo}HVGHFRUUHQWHVGD/HLQEHPFRPR

GR IDWR GH KDYHU DOJXPDV UHJUDV GH FRPSHWrQFLD GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO

SUHYLVWDV QR FRUSR GD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO PDLV SUHFLVDPHQWH QRV

SDUiJUDIRVGRVHXDUW







,QRYDo}HVSURFHGLPHQWDLVGD/HLQ



1D SUHVHQWH SDUWH GR WUDEDOKR GHPRQVWUDUVHi GH

IRUPD VLQWpWLFD DV SULQFLSDLV LQRYDo}HV WUD]LGDV SHOD /HL Q 

362

Também comungam desse entendimento, BOCHENEK, Antônio César. Competência Cível da Justiça

Federal e dos Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. RT: São Paulo, 2004, p. 208-209, e ALVIM, J. E. Carreira.

Juizados Especiais Federais. Forense: Rio de Janeiro, 2002, p. 22.

363

Vide § 3º do art. 3º da Lei n. 10.259/2001, acima transcrito.

364

“Art. 4º É competente, para as causas previstas nesta Lei, o Juizado do foro:

I - do domicílio do réu ou, a critério do autor, do local onde aquele exerça atividades profissionais ou

econômicas ou mantenha estabelecimento, filial, agência, sucursal ou escritório;

II - do lugar onde a obrigação deva ser satisfeita;

III - do domicílio do autor ou do local do ato ou fato, nas ações para reparação de dano de qualquer natureza.

Parágrafo único. Em qualquer hipótese, poderá a ação ser proposta no foro previsto no inciso I deste artigo.”

365

“§ 1º - As causas em que a União for autora serão aforadas na seção judiciária onde tiver domicílio a outra

parte.

§ 2º - As causas intentadas contra a União poderão ser aforadas na seção judiciária em que for domiciliado o

autor, naquela onde houver ocorrido o ato ou fato que deu origem à demanda ou onde esteja situada a coisa, ou,

ainda, no Distrito Federal.

§ 3º - Serão processadas e julgadas na justiça estadual, no foro do domicílio dos segurados ou beneficiários, as

causas em que forem parte instituição de previdência social e segurado, sempre que a comarca não seja sede de

vara do juízo federal, e, se verificada essa condição, a lei poderá permitir que outras causas sejam também

processadas e julgadas pela justiça estadual.”

129

HP IDFH GR UHJLPH SURFHVVXDO HVWDWXtGR SHOD /HL Q  VHPSUH

UHVVDOWDQGRTXHRPRWLYRGHWDLVDOWHUDo}HVGL]HPUHVSHLWRGLUHWDPHQWHDR

IDWRGHTXH KRXYH XPDQHFHVViULDDGDSWDomRGR ULWRGD OHL GRVMXL]DGRV

HVWDGXDLV SDUD YLDELOL]DU D SUHVHQoD GRV HQWHV S~EOLFRV IHGHUDLV QR SyOR

SDVVLYRGDVFDXVDV





3DUWHVQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV



(P UHODomR DRV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV D SULPHLUD

PRGLILFDomRGL]UHVSHLWRjOHJLWLPLGDGHDWLYDHSDVVLYDSDUDRDMXL]DPHQWR

GHFDXVDVQRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLV(QTXDQWRQRVMXL]DGRVHVWDGXDLVDSHQDV

SRGHPVHUSDUWHVDWLYDVDVSHVVRDVItVLFDVHDVPLFURHPSUHVDVSRUIRUoD

GR   GR DUW  GD /HL Q  FF R DUW  GR (VWDWXWR GD

0LFURHPSUHVD/HLQQRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVSRGHPVHUSDUWHV

FRPR DXWRUDV DV SHVVRDV ItVLFDV DV PLFURHPSUHVDV H HPSUHVDV GH

SHTXHQRSRUWHGHILQLGDVHVWDVQD/HL





1RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV FtYHLV WDPEpP QmR

SRGHP VHU SDUWH WDQWR DWLYDPHQWH FRPR SDVVLYDPHQWH R LQFDSD] R

SUHVR DV SHVVRDV MXUtGLFDV GH GLUHLWR S~EOLFR DV HPSUHVDV S~EOLFDV GD

8QLmR R LQVROYHQWH FLYLO H D PDVVD IDOLGD DUW  FDSXW GD /HL Q

 R TXH QmR VH DSOLFD QRV MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLV SRLV Ki UHJUD

H[SUHVVDHPVHQWLGRFRQWUiULRQRVVHJXLQWHVWHUPRV



$UW

3RGHPVHUSDUWHVQR-XL]DGR(VSHFLDO)HGHUDO&tYHO



,± FRPR DXWRUHVDVSHVVRDVItVLFDVH DVPLFURHPSUHVDVH

HPSUHVDVGHSHTXHQRSRUWHDVVLPGHILQLGDVQD/HLQ



GHGHGH]HPEURGH



,, ± FRPR UpV D 8QLmR DXWDUTXLDV IXQGDo}HV H HPSUHVDV

S~EOLFDVIHGHUDLV



366

Cf., a respeito, a sistematização efetuada por BOCHENEK, Antônio César. Op. cit., p. 172-175.

367

Existe controvérsia doutrinária sobre a possibilidade do condomínio ser parte ativa em processo de juizados

especial, mas em princípio o condomínio não se constitui de pessoa natural nem de microempresa. Cf., a

propósito, CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem

crítica. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 63-65.

130

$GPLWHVH SRUWDQWR R PHQRU H RLQFDSD] FRPR SDUWH

QRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVGHVGHTXHGHYLGDPHQWHUHSUHVHQWDGRSRUTXHPGH

GLUHLWR 3RU RXWUR ODGR QmR VH DGPLWH D LQWHUYHQomR GH WHUFHLUR QRV

MXL]DGRVHVWDGXDLVRTXHWDPEpPVHDSOLFDDRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVDUW

GD/HLQ





'LIHUHQWHPHQWH GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV YDOH

GL]HU D /HL  HP VHX DUW  SHUPLWH TXH D SDUWH VHMD

UHSUHVHQWDGD PHGLDQWH GRFXPHQWR HVFULWR SRU WHUFHLUR DGYRJDGR RX

QmR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GR YDORU GD FDXVD



 7UDWDVH GH PHGLGD

VDOXWDUWRWDOPHQWHGHDFRUGRFRPRVSULQFtSLRVQRUWHDGRUHVGRVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRVHQWLGRGHUHGXomRGRVFXVWRVSDUDDGHIHVD

MXGLFLDOGHGLUHLWRVSRLVRWLWXODUGRGLUHLWRSRGHLQGLFDUSDUHQWHRXSHVVRD

GH FRQILDQoDSDUD WRPDU WRGDVDV PHGLGDV SDUD R DMXL]DPHQWR GDDomR

LQFOXVLYH FRP SRVVLELOLGDGH GH SURPRYHU D FRQFLOLDomR



 5HVVDOWHVH

DSHQDV TXH SDUD D DSUHVHQWDomR GH UHFXUVR FRQWUD D VHQWHQoD D

LQWHUYHQomR GR DGYRJDGR p HVVHQFLDO QD IRUPD SUHYLVWD H[SUHVVDPHQWH

SHOR DUW    GD /HL Q  WDPEpP DSOLFiYHO DRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SRU DXVrQFLD GH WUDWDPHQWR GD PDWpULD QD /HL Q





 5HVWULomR j LQWHUSRVLomR GH UHFXUVRV H SRVVLELOLGDGH FRQFHVVmR GH

FDXWHODUHGHWXWHODDQWHFLSDWyULDDPEDVGHRItFLR



'XDV JUDQGHV QRYLGDGHV QD VLVWHPiWLFD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV IRUDP D UHVWULomR DRV UHFXUVRV DUW  GD /HL

 H D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFHVVmR GH PHGLGD FDXWHODUHV GH

RItFLR SHOR MXL] DUW  GD FLWDGD QRUPD 4XDQWR D HVWD LQRYDomR YDOH

368

Há entendimentos contrários. Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Op. cit., p. 220, e ALVIM, J. E. Carreira.

Juizados Especiais Federais. Forense: Rio de Janeiro, 2002, p. 73.

369

“Art. 10. As partes poderão designar, por escrito, representantes para a causa, advogado ou não.”. Quanto à

extensão da possibilidade de ajuizamento sem advogado, no mesmo sentido, Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas.

Op. cit., p. 225.

370

Registre-se que o STF, na ADIN 3.168/DF, julg. 08/06/2006, DJU 03/08/2007, considerou plenamente

constitucional o dispositivo do art. 10 da Lei n. 10.259/2001.

131

UHJLVWUDU TXH D OHL GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV QmR SUHYr

LQIHOL]PHQWH D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFHVVmR GH PHGLGD FDXWHODU QHP GH

DQWHFLSDomRGHWXWHODRTXHFRQWUDULDRVSUySULRVILQVGRVMXL]DGRVTXHp

D GH UHDOL]DomR GH XPD MXVWLoD PDLV FpOHUH



 7RGDYLD R GHIHLWR IRL

VDQDGR SDUD RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SHOD SUHYLVmR H[SUHVVD GD

QRUPDGRDUWMiUHIHULGD

3RU RXWUR ODGR Ki GLVFXVVmR GRXWULQiULD VREUH D

SRVVLELOLGDGHGHFRQFHVVmRGHDQWHFLSDomRGHWXWHODQRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLV

MiTXHDOHLDSHQDVIDODHPPHGLGDFDXWHODU



7RGDYLDHQWHQGRTXHDR

DUW  GD /HL Q  GHYHVH FRQIHULU XPD LQWHUSUHWDomR

H[WHQVLYD SRLV p D TXH PHOKRU DWHQGH DRV SULQFtSLRV QRUWHDGRUHV GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVFRPRXPWRGRRVTXDLVLQIRUPDPRVLVWHPDSDUDTXH

HVWHVHMDRPDLVHILFD]SRVVtYHOQRVHQWLGRGDHIHWLYLGDGHGRSURFHVVRe

FHUWRTXHQmRVHFRQIXQGHDPHGLGDFDXWHODUFRPDDQWHFLSDomRGDWXWHOD

PDVSRURXWURODGRDPEDVVmRHVSpFLHGRJrQHURWXWHODGHXUJrQFLD





3RU RXWUR ODGR R SURFHVVR GHYH VHU IRUPDWDGR SDUD

DWHQGHUjQHFHVVLGDGHGHUHDOL]DomRGRGLUHLWRPDWHULDOGHIRUPDTXHDV

WXWHODV GH XUJrQFLDV VmR LPSUHVFLQGtYHLV QHVVH FRQWH[WR



 QmR VH

SRGHQGR GHVWH PRGR LQWHUSUHWDU D QRUPD FLWDGD GH IRUPD H[FOXLU D

SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFHVVmR GH DQWHFLSDomR GH WXWHOD GH RItFLR QR kPELWR

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVeSRVVtYHOIDODUQHVVHVHQWLGRQR³GLUHWR

j WXWHOD DQWHFLSDWyULD´



 GH IRUPD TXH SDUD R SURFHVVR VHU HIHWLYR HOH

QmRSRGHSUHVFLQGLUGHPHGLGDVTXHSRVVLELOLWHPQRFDVRGHXUJrQFLDj

HQWUHJDGDSUHVWDomRMXULVGLFLRQDODQWHVPHVPRGRWUkQVLWRHPMXOJDGRGD

VHQWHQoD

371

Em que pese haver entendimento de que a tutela de urgência de caráter cautelar é inerente ao poder geral de

cautela do juiz, podendo ser aplicada também nos juizados especiais estaduais. Cf., sobre o tema, CÂMARA,

Alexandre Freitas. Op. cit., p. 194.

372

Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Op. cit., p. 270-272.

373

Há que entenda que a antecipação de tutela é cabível pela aplicação de “leis processuais extravagantes”, sem

necessidade de dar-se uma interpretação extensiva ao termo “cautelar” previsto no art. 4º da Lei n. 10.259/2001.

Cf. PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro:

2006, p. 157.

374

CUNHA. Leonardo José Carneiro da. A fazenda pública em juízo 5. ed. São Paulo: Dialética, 2007, p. 215 e

segs.

375

MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Técnica Processual e Tutela dos Direitos. São Paulo: RT, 2004, p. 200.

132

1RTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjLPSRVVLELOLGDGHGHLQWHUSRVLomRGH

UHFXUVRVH[FHWRQRVFDVRVGH³VHQWHQoDGHILQLWLYD´



HGHFRQFHVVmRGH

PHGLGD FDXWHODU H WXWHOD DQWHFLSDWyULD



 D LQRYDomR GD /HL Q

 p VDOXWDU SRLV DWHQGH DR GHVHMR GH VLPSOLILFDomR GR

SURFHGLPHQWRHYLWDQGRVHFRPLVVRRWXPXOWRSURFHVVXDO

5HJLVWUHVHDLQGDTXHQmRFDEHQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV R FKDPDGR UHH[DPH QHFHVViULR ± HP TXH SHVH HVVH QmR VHU

SURSULDPHQWH XP UHFXUVR PDV VLP XPD FRQGLomR SDUD R WUkQVLWR HP

MXOJDGR GD GHFLVmR SURIHULGD FRQWUD D )D]HQGD 3~EOLFD  SRU H[SUHVVD

GLVSRVLomRGRDUWGD/HLQ

(QWUHWDQWR FRQIRUPH VHUi YLVWR PDLV j IUHQWH QRV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV Ki XP UHFXUVR QmR SUHYLVWR QRV MXL]DGRV

HVWDGXDLVTXHpRLQFLGHQWHGHXQLIRUPL]DomRGHMXULVSUXGrQFLDSUHYLVWR

SHOD/HLQWDQWRHPQtYHOQDFLRQDOFRPRUHJLRQDO



,QH[LVWrQFLDGHSULYLOpJLRVSURFHVVXDLVHPIDYRUGD)D]HQGD3~EOLFD



2 DUW  GD /HL Q 



 UHWLURX TXDOTXHU

SUD]R GLIHUHQFLDGR SDUD D SUiWLFD GH DWRV SURFHVVXDLV SHOD )D]HQGD

3~EOLFD UHVVDOWDQGR DSHQDV R SUD]R PtQLPR GH  GLDV HQWUH D FLWDomR

SDUD D FDXVD H D SULPHLUD DXGLrQFLD 7DO LQRYDomR PHUHFH HORJLRV SRLV

URPSHXFRPRGRJPDFOiVVLFRGR&3&HGHDOJXPDVOHLVH[WUDYDJDQWHVGH

VHPSUHSULYLOHJLDUD)D]HQGD3~EOLFDHPMXt]R

376

Sentença definitiva é aquela que julga o mérito da causa. Cf., a respeito, GRECO Filho, Vicente. Direito

Processual Civil Brasileiro. 13. ed., V. 2., Saraiva: São Paulo, 1999, p. 239; ALVIM, Eduardo Arruda. Curso de

Direito Processual Civil. Vol. 1, RT: São Paulo, 1999, p. 662.

377

Nesse caso, o recurso cabível é o agravo de instrumento, apesar de não previsto expressamente na Lei n.

10.259/2001, de competência da turma recursal competente para o julgamento do recurso ordinário. Aplica-se,

no caso, a analogia, pois no CPC este é o recurso adequado para reexame das decisões interlocutórias, sendo que

também deve ser aceito o agravo de instrumento contra a decisão que denega a cautelar ou a antecipação de

tutela, em homenagem à efetividade do processo e também à isonomia. Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas.

Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p.

249.

378

“Art. 9

Não haverá prazo diferenciado para a prática de qualquer ato processual pelas pessoas jurídicas de

direito público, inclusive a interposição de recursos, devendo a citação para audiência de conciliação ser efetuada

com antecedência mínima de trinta dias.”

133

7DLV SULYLOpJLRV SRGHUVHLDP VH MXVWLILFDU HP DOJXQV

SURFHGLPHQWRVWHQGRHPYLVWDRLQWHUHVVHS~EOLFRHPFDXVD



PDVQmR

HQFRQWUD IXQGDPHQWR UD]RiYHO QD VLVWHPiWLFD SURFHVVXDO PDLV VLPSOHV H

FpOHUH GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV RV TXDLV VmR SUHFLSXDPHQWH

YROWDGRV SDUD D GHIHVD GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HVVHQFLDLV GR VHU

KXPDQRQRWDGDPHQWHRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVTXHPDLVLQWHUHVVDPjVFODVVHV

PHQRVIDYRUHFLGDV

1HVVH FDVR WHQGR HP YLVWD D IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH GRV

GLUHLWRV HP MRJR EHP FDPLQKRX R OHJLVODGRU DR H[FOXLU RV SULYLOpJLRV

SURFHVVXDLVGD)D]HQGD3~EOLFDQRkPELWRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

GLVWULEXLQGR GH IRUPD HTXkQLPH R {QXV GR WHPSR HQWUH DV SDUWHV

FODUDPHQWH GHVLJXDLV 'H IDWR HQWUH XP FLGDGmR TXH GHPDQGD GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV WDLV FRPR SRU H[HPSOR XP EHQHItFLR DVVLVWHQFLDO GHVWLQDGR DR

GHILFLHQWHSREUHHD8QLmR)HGHUDORXXPDGHVXDVDXWDUTXLDVKiXPD

IRUWH GLVFUHSkQFLD GH SRGHU D TXDO GHYH VHU QD PHGLGD GR SRVVtYHO

HTXDOL]DGD QR SURFHVVR SRU PHLR GH PHGLGDV TXH LPSHoDP XP

UHWDUGDPHQWR H[FHVVLYR GR IHLWR TXH Vy EHQHILFLDULD D SDUWH PDLV

SRGHURVDGDUHODomRMXUtGLFD

1RWHVH D SURSyVLWR TXH QR kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV QmR KDYLD D SUHRFXSDomR FRP RV SULYLOpJLRV

SURFHVVXDLVGD)D]HQGD3~EOLFDH[DWDPHQWHSRUTXHHODQmRSRGLDFRPR

DLQGDQmRSRGHID]HUSDUWHFRPRUpQRSURFHGLPHQWRLQVWLWXtGRSHOD/HLQ





,QRYDo}HVSUREDWyULDV



1R TXH FRQFHUQH j SURGXomR GH SURYDV DSOLFDVH DRV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV D VLVWHPiWLFD GD /HL Q 

HVSHFLDOPHQWHDUHJUDJHUDOQRVHQWLGRGHTXH³WRGRVRVPHLRVGHSURYD

379

A defesa das prerrogativas processuais da Fazenda Pública geralmente segue a linha da proteção ao interesse

público. Cf, a respeito, CUNHA. Leonardo José Carneiro da. A Fazenda Pública em juízo. 5. ed. São Paulo:

Dialética, 2007, p. 30 e segs.

134

PRUDOPHQWH OHJtWLPRV DLQGD TXH QmR HVSHFLILFDGRV HP OHL VmR KiEHLV

SDUDSURYDUDYHUDFLGDGHGRVIDWRVDOHJDGRVSHODVSDUWHV´





7DOGLVSRVLWLYRFRDGXQDVHFRPRVHQWLGRGDQRUPDGR

DUW  GD PHVPD OHL D TXDO FRQILUPD D DPSOD OLEHUGDGH SUREDWyULD GR

MXL]WDQWRQDSURGXomRGDSURYDFRPRQDVXDDYDOLDomRQRPRPHQWRGD

SURODomR GD VHQWHQoD LQFOXVLYH FRP D SHUPLVVmR OHJDO GH XWLOL]DomR GDV

UHJUDV GH H[SHULrQFLD FRPXP RX WpFQLFD



 VHQGR FHUWR TXH WRGDV DV

SURYDVGHYHPVHUSURGX]LGDVHPDXGLrQFLD





7RGDYLD FRPR R OHJLVODGRU SUHYLX D FRPSHWrQFLD GRV

MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLV SDUD R SURFHVVDPHQWR GH FDXVDV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV H

DVVLVWHQFLDLV DV TXDLV TXDVH VHPSUH GHPDQGDP D UHDOL]DomR GH H[DPH

PpGLFR SDUD D YHULILFDomR GH LQFDSDFLGDGH ODERUDWLYD RX D H[LVWrQFLD GH

GHILFLrQFLD ItVLFD RX PHQWDO D /HL Q  FULRX XPD HVSpFLH GH

SURYDSHULFLDOQmRSUHYLVWDQRVMXL]DGRVHVWDGXDLV

'H IDWR FRQILUDVH D QRUPD GR DUW  GD /HL Q





$UW  3DUD HIHWXDU R H[DPH WpFQLFR QHFHVViULR j

FRQFLOLDomR RX DR MXOJDPHQWR GD FDXVD R -XL] QRPHDUi

SHVVRD KDELOLWDGD TXH DSUHVHQWDUi R ODXGR DWp FLQFR GLDV

DQWHV GD DXGLrQFLD LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GH LQWLPDomR GDV

SDUWHV





2VKRQRUiULRVGRWpFQLFRVHUmRDQWHFLSDGRVjFRQWDGH

YHUED RUoDPHQWiULD GR UHVSHFWLYR 7ULEXQDO H TXDQGR

YHQFLGDQDFDXVDDHQWLGDGHS~EOLFDVHXYDORUVHUiLQFOXtGR

QDRUGHPGHSDJDPHQWRDVHUIHLWDHPIDYRUGR7ULEXQDO



 

 1DV Do}HV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV H UHODWLYDV j DVVLVWrQFLD

VRFLDO KDYHQGR GHVLJQDomR GH H[DPH VHUmR DV SDUWHV

LQWLPDGDV SDUD HP GH] GLDV DSUHVHQWDU TXHVLWRV H LQGLFDU

DVVLVWHQWHV



380

Cf., o art. 32 da Lei n. 9.099/95.

381

“Art. 5º O Juiz dirigirá o processo com liberdade para determinar as provas a serem produzidas, para apreciá-

las e para dar especial valor às regras de experiência comum ou técnica.”

382

“Art. 28. Na audiência de instrução e julgamento serão ouvidas as partes, colhida a prova e, em seguida,

proferida a sentença.”. É certo, entretanto, que, evidentemente, a prova documental pode ser produzida antes da

audiência.

135

2 H[DPH WpFQLFR GHYH VHU DSUHVHQWDGR DWp FLQFR GLDV

DQWHV GD DXGLrQFLD DOWHUDQGRVH FRP LVVR D VLVWHPiWLFD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV TXH SUHYr D FRQFHQWUDomR GRV DWRV SUREDWyULRV QD

DXGLrQFLD3RURXWURODGRSDUDDVDo}HVSUHYLGHQFLiULDVHDVVLVWHQFLDLVp

SRVVtYHO D DSUHVHQWDomR GH TXHVLWRV SHODV SDUWHV H D LQGLFDomR GH

DVVLVWHQWHV WpFQLFRV DR FRQWUiULR GDV GHPDLV TXHVW}HV IiWLFRMXUtGLFDV

VXEPHWLGDVDSHQDVDRH[DPHWpFQLFRH[FOXVLYRGRSHULWR

2XWUD LQRYDomR LPSRUWDQWH GD /HL  GL]

UHVSHLWR j JUDWXLGDGH GRV KRQRUiULRV SHULFLDLV TXH VmR LQWHLUDPHQWH

FXVWHDGRV SHOR (VWDGR 'H IDWR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH GD FRQGLomR

HFRQ{PLFD GR DXWRU RV KRQRUiULRV GR SHULWR VHUmR DQWHFLSDGRV SHOR

7ULEXQDO TXH DGPLQLVWUD RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV j FRQWD GH YHUED

RUoDPHQWiULDHVSHFtILFDSDUDWDOILP'HDFRUGRFRPDQRUPDGRGR

DUWGDQRUPDDFLPDFLWDGDVHRHQWHS~EOLFRIHGHUDOSHUGHUDFDXVD

HOHGHYHUHVVDUFLURVJDVWRVGR7ULEXQDOFRPDSHUtFLD(PFDVRGHYLWyULD

GRHQWH S~EOLFRRV KRQRUiULRVQmR VHUmRFREUDGRV GR DXWRUYHQFLGR





7UDWDVHGHGLVSRVLWLYRGHJUDQGHLPSRUWkQFLDQDPHGLGDHPTXHIDFLOLWD

VREUHPRGR R DFHVVR j -XVWLoD DRV PDLV QHFHVVLWDGRV H TXH VLPSOLILFD R

SURFHGLPHQWR HYLWDQGRVH LQWLPDo}HV SDUD R SDJDPHQWR GRV KRQRUiULRV

DQWHVGDUHDOL]DomRGDSHUtFLD

2XWUD LQRYDomR GH FXQKR SUREDWyULR GH JUDQGH

LPSRUWkQFLD FRQVLVWH QD QRUPD GR FDSXW DUW  GD /HL Q 

TXH GHWHUPLQRX D REULJDomR GRHQWH S~EOLFR UpXQD FDXVDGH WUD]HUDRV

DXWRVDVSURYDVGRFXPHQWDLVTXHWLYHUSDUDRHVFODUHFLPHQWRGRVIDWRV





'HIDWRDTXLROHJLVODGRU³DFHUWRXHPFKHLR´SRLVpHYLGHQWHTXHVHQGR

XPD GDV SDUWHV QD FDXVD XPD SHVVRD MXUtGLFD HVWDWDO HOD GHYH VH

FRPSRUWDU FRP D Pi[LPD OHDOGDGH SURFHVVXDO SRVVtYHO WHQGR HP YLVWD

TXHD$GPLQLVWUDomR3~EOLFDHVWiVXMHLWDDRVSULQFtSLRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGD

383

Em que pese haver entendimento, com o qual não se concorda, no sentido de que deve-se cobrar os

honorários periciais do autor vencido, se este não foi beneficiário da Justiça Gratuita. Todavia, como a lei não

prevê essa cobrança, descabe ao intérprete criá-la. Cf., a propósito, TOURINHO Neto, Fernando da Costa;

FIGUEIRA JÚNIOR, Joel Dias. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis e Criminais: comentários à Lei 10.259, de

10/07/2001. RT: São Paulo, 2002, p. 268.

384

“Art. 11. A entidade pública ré deverá fornecer ao Juizado a documentação de que disponha para o

esclarecimento da causa, apresentando-a até a instalação da audiência de conciliação.”

136

OHJDOLGDGHGDPRUDOLGDGHHGDHILFLrQFLDQDIRUPDGHWHUPLQDGDHPQtYHO

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOSHORDUWGD&)

$ QRUPD GR DUW  GD /HL Q  FULRX XP

³GHYHU GH SURGX]LU SURYD´



 SDUD D )D]HQGD 3~EOLFD PHVPR TXH R

FRQWH~GRGDSURYDFRQWUDULHRVLQWHUHVVHVGRyUJmRS~EOLFR1mRVHWUDWD

GH LQYHUVmR GR {QXV GD SURYD DLQGD TXH KDMD VHPHOKDQoD HQWUH RV

LQVWLWXWRVSRLVDLQYHUVmRGHSHQGHGHSUHYLVmROHJDOH[SUHVVDQRVHQWLGR

GHGLVWULEXLomRGDLQFXPErQFLDGHSURGX]LUSURYDIDYRUiYHODRSHGLGRGH

TXHP WHP R {QXV VRE SHQD GH YDOLGDomR GDV DOHJDo}HV FRQWUiULDV 1R

FDVRGRGHYHUGRV yUJmRV S~EOLFRVGHWUD]HUDGRFXPHQWDomRQHFHVViULD

SDUDRHVFODUHFLPHQWRGDOLGHDLQWHQomRGROHJLVODGRUpPDLVQRVHQWLGR

GHDWHQGLPHQWRDRVSULQFtSLRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVTXHUHJHPD$GPLQLVWUDomR

3~EOLFDGRTXHSURSULDPHQWHXPDGLVWULEXLomRGR{QXVGDSURYD

7RGDYLDRGHVFXPSULPHQWRSHORHQWHS~EOLFRGRGHYHU

SUHVFULWRQRDUWGD/HLQSRGHDFDUUHWDUFRQVHTrQFLDV

SUREDWyULDVVLPLODUHVjUHYHOLDRXPHVPRjLQYHUVmRGR{QXVGDSURYD'H

IDWRSDUD$OH[DQGUH)UHLWDV&kPDUD



4XHVWmRFRPSOH[DSRUpPpDGHWHUPLQDomRGDVDQomRSHOR

GHVFXPSULPHQWRGHVVHGHYHUGHSURGX]LUSURYDV3DUHFHPH

TXHVHGHYHDSOLFDUDTXLDVDQomRTXHVHLPS}HjSDUWHTXH

QmRH[LEHGRFXPHQWRVHP³DomRGHH[LELomRGHGRFXPHQWR

RXFRLVD´RMXL]GHYHUiFRQVLGHUDUSURYDGDDYHUDFLGDGHGDV

DOHJDo}HV TXH R GHPDQGDQWH IH] H TXH SUHWHQGLD YHU

SURYDGDFRPRVGRFXPHQWRVTXHDHQWLGDGHS~EOLFDIHGHUDO

QmRMXQWRXDUWGR&yGLJRGH3URFHVVR&LYLO





(P TXH SHVH QmR VH SRGHU IDODU HP UHYHOLD SRLV RV

LQWHUHVVHV S~EOLFRV VmR LQGLVSRQtYHLV PDV D IDOWD GH DSUHVHQWDomR GD

GRFXPHQWDomR SHOD Up SRGH GH DFRUGR FRP DV FLUFXQVWkQFLDV GR FDVR

FRQFUHWR FRQIHULU PDLRU SODXVLELOLGDGH IiWLFD jV SURYDV HOHQFDGDV SHOD

SDUWH DXWRUD RX VHMD HYHQWXDO GHVFRQILDQoD GR MXOJDGRU TXDQWR j

385

Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica.

Lúmen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 240-242. Nesse texto, o autor esclarece o que se entende por dever de

produzir prova, ressaltando ser esse um conceito novo no processo civil brasileiro.

386

Ibidem, p. 243.

137

YHURVVLPLOKDQoD RX FRPSOHWXGH GD SURYD DSUHVHQWDGD SHOR SDUWLFXODU

SRGHULDVHUGHVFRQVLGHUDGDRXPLQRUDGDVRERSUHVVXSRVWRGHTXHRUpX

QmR WHP SURYDV GRFXPHQWDLV FRQWUiULDV Mi TXH QmR DV DSUHVHQWRX DRV

IDWRVGHOLQHDGRVQDVSURYDVGRDXWRU



&LWDo}HVHLQWLPDo}HV



4XDQWR jV FLWDo}HV Ki UHJUD HVSHFLDO QD /HL GRV

-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV&RPHIHLWRSDUDD8QLmRHVWHDWRSURFHVVXDO

GDUVHi QD IRUPD GD /HL &RPSOHPHQWDU  DUWV  D  3DUD RV

GHPDLV HQWHV S~EOLFRV IHGHUDLV QD SHVVRD GR UHSUHVHQWDQWH Pi[LPR QR

(VWDGRVHKRXYHUUHSUHVHQWDomRQRORFDOVHQmRDFLWDomRVHUiIHLWDQD

VHGHGDHQWLGDGHSRUFDUWDSUHFDWyULD

1RV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV YDOH UHJLVWUDU XWLOL]DVH HP

UHJUDRFRUUHLRSDUDDFLWDomRHWDPEpPDVLQWLPDo}HVQRVPROGHVGRDUW

GD/HLQ





7RGDYLD QD  5HJLmR GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO DWXDOPHQWH

RVSURFHVVRVGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVVmRWRWDOPHQWHHOHWU{QLFRV





QRVHQWLGRGHTXHQmRH[LVWHPHPVXSRUWHItVLFRGHSDSHO

$VVLP WHQGR HP YLVWD D QRYD OHJLVODomR GR SURFHVVR

GLJLWDO /HL Q 



 D TXDO LQFOXVLYH FRQYDOLGRX RV DWRV

SURFHVVXDLV HOHWU{QLFRV DQWHULRUHV j VXD HGLomR GHVGH TXH QmR WHQKD

387

“

Art. 18. A citação far-se-á: I - por correspondência, com aviso de recebimento em mão própria; II - tratando-se de

pessoa jurídica ou firma individual, mediante entrega ao encarregado da recepção, que será obrigatoriamente identificado; III

- sendo necessário, por oficial de justiça, independentemente de mandado ou carta precatória.

”

388

A digitalização do processo foi adotada no âmbito da 5ª Região da Justiça Federal, em relação aos processos

de competência dos juizados especiais federais, desde o ano de 2005, tendo em vista a interpretação ampliativa

dada ao § 2º do art. 8º da Lei 10.259/2001 (“§ 2º. § 2

Os tribunais poderão organizar serviço de intimação das

partes e de recepção de petições por meio eletrônico.”). O nome do sistema de processo eletrônico na 5ª Região é

“Sistema Creta”, o qual consiste em sistema processual de informática extremamente avançado, inclusive

vencedor do III Prêmio Innovare, promovido pelo Ministério da Justiça juntamente com a Fundação Getúlio

Vargas e outras instituições, em dezembro de 2006, na categoria Acesso à Justiça, em face da economia e

facilidades do processo eletrônico instituído pelo TRF da 5ª Região.

389

Publicada no DOU em 20/12/2006, com vacatio legis de 90 dias.

138

KDYLGRSUHMXt]RSDUDDVSDUWHV



DVFLWDo}HVHLQWLPDo}HVGD8QLmREHP

FRPR D LQWLPDomR GRV DGYRJDGRV SDUWLFXODUHV VmR WRGDV HIHWLYDGDV SRU

PHLR HOHWU{QLFR HPDLO $SHQDV QRV FDVRV HP TXH Ki FLWDomR GH

OLWLVFRQVRUWH SDVVLYRQHFHVViULR SHVVRD ItVLFD RX HPSUHVD SDUWLFXODURX

DLQGDHPSUHVDS~EOLFDDLQGDQmRFDGDVWUDGDSUHYLDPHQWHpQHFHVViULDD

H[SHGLomRGHPDQGDGRGHFLWDomRRXFDUWDFRPDYLVRGHUHFHELPHQWRTXH

SRVWHULRUPHQWHVHUmRGLJLWDOL]DGRV

3RU RXWUR ODGR QR FDVR GH VHQWHQoD SURIHULGD HP

DXGLrQFLD HP TXH SUHVHQWHV DV SDUWHV D LQWLPDomR QHOD VHUi HIHWLYDGD

SRUIRUoDGDQRUPDGRDUWGD/HLQ



$UW

$V SDUWHV VHUmRLQWLPDGDVGDVHQWHQoDTXDQGRQmR

SURIHULGD HVWD QD DXGLrQFLD HP TXH HVWLYHU SUHVHQWH VHX

UHSUHVHQWDQWH SRU $503 DYLVR GH UHFHELPHQWR HP PmR

SUySULD



8WLOL]DVH WDPEpP WDQWR QRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLVFRPRQRV HVWDGXDLVDLQWLPDomRSRUWHOHIRQHRX³SRU TXDOTXHU

RXWUR PHLR LG{QHR GH FRPXQLFDomR´



 QRV SURFHVVRV HP TXH D SDUWH

DXWRUD QmR SRVVXL DGYRJDGR



 WHQGR HP YLVWD D LQYLDELOLGDGH GD

LQWLPDomRHOHWU{QLFDQHVVHFDVR



 5HIRUoR GD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFLOLDomR SRU SDUWH GDV HQWLGDGHV

S~EOLFDV



390

Cf., a propósito, o art. 19 dessa lei: “Ficam convalidados os atos processuais praticados por meio eletrônico

até a data de publicação desta Lei, desde que tenham atingido sua finalidade e não tenha havido prejuízo para as

partes.”. Ressalte-se, ainda, que desde a Lei n. 11.280, de 16/02/2006, (DOU 17/02/2006, com vigência após 90

dias da data da publicação), que incluiu o parágrafo único no art. 154 do CPC, já havia a possibilidade expressa

de prática de atos processuais por meio eletrônico, ou a sua comunicação: “Parágrafo único. Os tribunais, no

âmbito da respectiva jurisdição, poderão disciplinar a prática e a comunicação oficial dos atos processuais por

meios eletrônicos, atendidos os requisitos de autenticidade, integridade, validade jurídica e interoperabilidade da

Infra-Estrutura de Chaves Públicas Brasileira - ICP - Brasil.".

391

Art. 19 da Lei 9.099/95.

392

Quando o autor está assistido por advogado, a intimação eletrônica é sempre possível, pois é requisito

essencial do processo eletrônico que o advogado tenha acesso à internet e que consulte o sistema a cada 10 dias,

sob pena de considerar-se intimado (arts. 2º e 5º, § 3º, da Lei 11.419/2006).

139

(P PDLV XPD LQRYDomR QR VHQWLGR GH DGHTXDU R ULWR

GRV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV j SDUWLFXODULGDGH GD SUHVHQoD GRV HQWHV S~EOLFRV

IHGHUDLV QR SyOR SDVVLYR GDV FDXVDV GH PHQRU FRPSOH[LGDGH D /HL Q

 UHIRUoRX D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFLOLDomR SRU SDUWH GRV

DGYRJDGRVS~EOLFRV

1RWHVH TXH R PLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVVHPSUH IRLRULHQWDGRSHOD SRVVLELOLGDGHGHDXWRFRPSRVLomR GRV

OLWtJLRV SRU PHLR GD FRQFLOLDomR WHQGR HP YLVWD VHU HVWH SRGHVH GL]HU

XP GRV REMHWLYRV SUHFtSXRV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV QD IRUPD GR TXH

GLVS}HRDUWGD/HLQ





'H IDWR D SDUWLU GD /HL Q  R DGYRJDGR

S~EOLFRGHTXDOTXHUyUJmRIHGHUDOVHMDGHGLUHLWRS~EOLFRVHMDGHGLUHLWR

SULYDGRSDVVRXDWHUDPSORVHH[SUHVVRVSRGHUHVSDUDFRQFLOLDUWUDQVLJLU

HGHVLVWLUQRVSURFHVVRVGH FRPSHWrQFLDGRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVQDIRUPD

DXWRUL]DGDSHORSDUiJUDIR~QLFRGRDUWGD/HLQ



$UW  $V SDUWHV SRGHUmR GHVLJQDU SRU HVFULWR

UHSUHVHQWDQWHVSDUDDFDXVDDGYRJDGRRXQmR



3DUiJUDIR ~QLFR 2V UHSUHVHQWDQWHV MXGLFLDLV GD 8QLmR

DXWDUTXLDV IXQGDo}HV H HPSUHVDV S~EOLFDV IHGHUDLV EHP

FRPR RV LQGLFDGRV QD IRUPD GR FDSXW ILFDP DXWRUL]DGRV D

FRQFLOLDUWUDQVLJLURXGHVLVWLUQRVSURFHVVRVGDFRPSHWrQFLD

GRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV



$ OHL FRQIHULX DRV DGYRJDGRV S~EOLFRV DPSORV SRGHUHV

SDUD D FRQFLOLDomR QR kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLVQmR H[LJLQGR VHTXHU

XPD UHJXODPHQWDomR LQIUDOHJDO 2 SULQFtSLR GD LQGLVSRQLELOLGDGH GR

LQWHUHVVHS~EOLFRUHVWRXUHODWLYL]DGRSHORGHVHMRGROHJLVODGRUGHSURPRYHU

XPD RWLPL]DomR GD FRQYHUJrQFLD HQWUH HVWH LQWHUHVVH H RV GLUHLWRV

VXEMHWLYRVGRVMXULVGLFLRQDGRV





393

“Art. 2º O processo orientar-se-á pelos critérios da oralidade, simplicidade, informalidade, economia

processual e celeridade, buscando, sempre que possível, a conciliação ou a transação

.”(grifo nosso)

394

CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica.

Lúmen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 238.

140

eFHUWRTXHRDGYRJDGRS~EOLFRQmRWHPSRGHUHVSDUD

DIDVWDU D DSOLFDomR GD OHL FRP EDVH XQLFDPHQWH HP VHXV FULWpULRV

SHVVRDLVSDUDILQVGHSURPRYHUDFRQFLOLDomR7RGDYLDHOHGHYHSURFXUDU

XPDLQWHUSUHWDomRUD]RiYHOGR'LUHLWRHGDVSURYDVFROKLGDVQRVDXWRVGH

PRGR D SRVVLELOLWDU D WUDQVDomR VHP R GHVDSHJR DR SULQFtSLR GD

OHJDOLGDGH QHP SRU RXWUR ODGR SRUWDQGRVH FRPR XP IHUUHQKR H

LQFRQVHTHQWHGHIHQVRUGRyUJmRHVWDWDODTXDOTXHUFXVWR

1HVVH VHQWLGR HYHQWXDO OLPLWDomR j FRQFLOLDomR SHOR

DGYRJDGRS~EOLFRTXHYHQKDDVHULPSRVWDSRUDWRVQRUPDWLYRVLQIHULRUHV

HGLWDGRV SHORV GLULJHQWHV GRV yUJmRV MXUtGLFRV GD 8QLmR QmR HQFRQWUD

UHVSDOGRQDOHLHVSHFLDOTXHUHJXODRVMXL]DGRVGHYHQGRVHULQWHUSUHWDGD

FRPRGHYLGRFXLGDGRDILPGHHYLWDUGDQRVjSULQFLSLRORJLDFRQFLOLDWyULD

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV$ UHJXODPHQWDomRLQIUDOHJDOGRPRGRGHDWXDomR

GRV DGYRJDGRV S~EOLFRV TXDQWR jV FRQFLOLDo}HV QmR SRGHUi LPSRU

UHVWULo}HV H[FHVVLYDV TXH LQYLDELOL]HP D DXWRUL]DomR OHJDO FRQIHULGD SHOR

DUW  GD /HL Q  WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH WRGDD SULQFLSLRORJLD

GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV GLUHFLRQDVH j SRVVLELOLGDGH GH UHVROXomR GH

FRQIOLWRVSRUPHLRGHWUDQVDomRMXGLFLDO

ePXLWRLPSRUWDQWHSRLVTXHRDGYRJDGRS~EOLFRWHQKD

FRQVFLrQFLD GD LPSRUWkQFLD GD FRQFLOLDomR SDUD D FRQFUHWL]DomR GH XPD

-XVWLoDPDLVHIHWLYD



(DSDUWLUGHVVDFRQVFLHQWL]DomRGHYHHOHWRPDU

XPDDWLWXGHPDLVDWLYDHSURJUHVVLVWDQRVHQWLGRGHYLDELOL]DUDHIHWLYDomR

GRV GLUHLWRV VXEMHWLYRV QD FRPXQLGDGH HP HVSHFLDO QDV FDXVDV  GH

FRPSHWrQFLD GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV YH] TXH D ³FOLHQWHOD´ GHVVH

VHUYLoRMXGLFLiULRFRQVWLWXLVHHPUHJUDGDSDUFHODPHQRVIDYRUHFLGDGD

SRSXODomRHTXHSOHLWHLDQDPDLRULDGRVFDVRVGLUHLWRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVH

DVVLVWHQFLDLVGHEDL[RYDORUHFRQ{PLFR

'H IDWR HP PXLWDV RFDVL}HV R FRQMXQWR SUREDWyULR

SRGHHYLGHQFLDUFODUDPHQWHDSURFHGrQFLDGRGLUHLWRGHYHQGRRDGYRJDGR

S~EOLFRGHL[DQGRGHODGRRDSHJRjWUDGLomR GH OLWLJkQFLDFRQWXPD]GR

395

PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro:

2006, p. 172.

141

(VWDGR±XWLOL]DURERPVHQVRHDDXWRUL]DomROHJDOFLWDGDSDUDSURSRUR

DFRUGRHYLWDQGRDSURWHODomRGRIHLWRHIDFLOLWDQGRDSDFLILFDomRVRFLDO

7RGDYLD YDOH UHJLVWUDU TXH R WUDGLFLRQDO SUREOHPD GH

DXVrQFLDGHDXWRFRPSRVLomRGRVOLWtJLRVQRkPELWRGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDOWHP

PLQRUDGRSRLVDSDUWLUGDFULDomRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVSRGH

VHUHFRQKHFHUTXHERDSDUWHGRVSURFXUDGRVIHGHUDLVTXHDWXDPQDGHIHVD

GR,166EHPFRPRRVDGYRJDGRVGD&DL[D(FRQ{PLFD)HGHUDOHVWmRVH

HVIRUoDQGRSDUD D FRQFUHWL]DomRGH DFRUGRVLQFOXVLYH ±SHOR PHQRVQDV

Do}HVDMXL]DGDVFRQWUDRFLWDGREDQFRIHGHUDO±TXDQWRDRSDJDPHQWRGH

LQGHQL]DomR SRU GDQRV PRUDLV 3RU RXWUR ODGR FRQVWDWDVH TXH RV

DGYRJDGRV GD 8QLmR QmR FRVWXPDP DSUHVHQWDU SURSRVWDV GH DFRUGR

PHVPRQRVFDVRVHPTXHDFRQWURYpUVLDMXUtGLFDSUDWLFDPHQWHQmRH[LVWH

FRPR SRU H[HPSOR TXDQGR R VHUYLGRU S~EOLFR SOHLWHLD R SDJDPHQWR GH

GLIHUHQoDVUHPXQHUDWyULDVMiUHFRQKHFLGDVDGPLQLVWUDWLYDPHQWHPDVQmR

SDJDV SHOR yUJmR GH RULJHP SRU DXVrQFLD GH SUHYLVmR RUoDPHQWiULD RX

HQWUDYHVEXURFUiWLFRV





([HFXomRQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV



$ SULQFLSDO QRYLGDGH QR kPELWR GD /HL 

FRQVLVWHQDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHH[HFXomRGHRItFLRRXPHOKRUFXPSULPHQWR

GHVHQWHQoDSRLVDOHLGRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVQmRH[LJHUHTXHULPHQWRGD

SDUWH DR FRQWUiULR GD /HL Q  FXMR DUW  ,9 SUHYr R

UHTXHULPHQWRGRLQWHUHVVDGRSDUDRLQtFLRGDH[HFXomR

e TXH WHPVH HQWHQGLGR TXH QRV MXL]DGRV IHGHUDLV

LQH[LVWHSURFHVVRDXW{QRPRGHH[HFXomRSRLVRVGLVSRVLWLYRVGRVDUWV

H  GD /HL  GHWHUPLQDP VHP RXWUDV FRQVLGHUDo}HV R

FXPSULPHQWRLPHGLDWRGDVHQWHQoDVHMDDTXHODTXHLPSOLFDHPREULJDomR

GHID]HUVHMDDTXHLPSOLFDHPREULJDomRGHGDU



1DYHUGDGHQmRFDEH

396

A conclusão decorre da experiência do autor, que ostenta mais de 4 anos de atuação em varas federais de

competência exclusiva dos juizados especiais federais.

397

Cf., sobre o tema, admitindo a inexistência de processo autônomo de execução, PEREIRA, Guilherme

Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro: 2006, p.213; BOCHENEK,

142

VHTXHU IDODU HP H[HFXomR SRLV R TXH H[LVWH p R SURFHGLPHQWR GH

³FXPSULPHQWRGHVHQWHQoD´FRQIRUPHGLVSRVLomRH[SUHVVDGRDUWGD

/HLQ

7UDWDVH SRUWDQWR GH LQRYDomR VDOXWDU GD /HL Q

HDGHTXDGDjVILQDOLGDGHVGRPLFURVVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOGRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVVREUHWXGRSRUREMHWLYDUDVLPSOLFLGDGHHHIHWLYLGDGHGR

SURFHVVR





$VVLPRFXPSULPHQWRGDREULJDomRGHID]HUGiVHSRU

PHLR GH VLPSOHV RItFLR GLULJLGR j DXWRULGDGH FLWDGD SDUD D FDXVD QRV

WHUPRVGRDUWGD/HLQSRGHQGRWDPEpPVHUHIHWLYDGD

SRU RXWUR PHLR LG{QHR WDO FRPR D LQWLPDomR GR DGYRJDGR S~EOLFR TXH

DWXD QR SURFHVVR SDUD TXH HVWH QRWLILTXH D DXWRULGDGH UHVSRQViYHO GD

REULJDomRGHVFULWDQDVHQWHQoD

1RWHVHTXHQRkPELWRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

DR FRQWUiULR GRV HVWDGXDLV R UHFXUVR LQWHUSRVWR DSUHVHQWD DPERV RV

HIHLWRV GHYROXWLYR H VXVSHQVLYR SRLV DV GLVSRVLo}HV TXH WUDWDP GR

FXPSULPHQWR GD VHQWHQoD H[LJHP R WUkQVLWR HP MXOJDGR GD VHQWHQoD

FRQGHQDWyULD VHQGR TXH j WRGD HYLGrQFLD QDGD LPSHGH TXH SDUWH GR

FRQWH~GRFRQGHQDWyULRMiWHQKDVLGRDQWHFLSDGROLPLQDUPHQWH





2 FXPSULPHQWR GD REULJDomR GH SDJDU TXDQWLD FHUWD

UHYHOD FHUWD SHFXOLDULGDGH HP IDFH GD UHGDomR GR DUW  GD /HL Q

 TXH GHWHUPLQD R GLUHFLRQDPHQWR GH RItFLR HVSHFtILFR SDUD

ILQVGRFXPSULPHQWRGDVHQWHQoDDRDJHQWHS~EOLFRFLWDGRSDUDDFDXVDe

TXHD/'2GH/HLQSRVWHULRUj/HLQ

SUHYLX H[SUHVVDPHQWH TXH D UHTXLVLomR VHULD HQFDPLQKDGD DR 75)

UHVSHFWLYRDRFRQWUiULRGRSUHYLVWRRULJLQDOPHQWH

1DSUiWLFDDVUHTXLVLo}HVGHSHTXHQRYDORU539VmR

HQFDPLQKDGDVDR75)GDMXULVGLomRGRMXL]DGRHVSHFLDOGDFDXVDTXHDV

Antônio César. Competência Cível da Justiça Federal e dos Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. RT: São Paulo,

2004, p. 173; TOURINHO Neto, Fernando da Costa; FIGUEIRA JÚNIOR, Joel Dias. Juizados Especiais

Federais Cíveis e Criminais: comentários à Lei 10.259, de 10/07/2001. RT: São Paulo, 2002, p. 412.

398

Registre-se que o processo autônomo de execução foi extinto no âmbito do CPC, em relação à execução de

título executivo judicial, pela Lei n. 11.232/2005.

399

Por exemplo, ao segurado da Previdência Social pode ter sido concedido, desde o início da lide, auxílio-

doença por meio de antecipação de tutela.

143

UHSDVVD DR &RQVHOKR GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO TXH SRU VXD YH] DSyV D

FRQVROLGDomRGHWRGDVDVUHTXLVLo}HVVROLFLWDRQXPHUiULRDR0LQLVWpULRGD

)D]HQGD

2 GHSyVLWR GR YDORU GD FRQGHQDomR p IHLWR GHQWUR GR

SUD]R GH  GLDV



 D FRQWDU GD GDWD GH HQWUDGD GD UHTXLVLomR QR

UHVSHFWLYR 75) 2 PRQWDQWH GHYLGR p SDJR GH IRUPD DWXDOL]DGD H HP

FRQWD FRUUHQWH DEHUWD QD &DL[D (FRQ{PLFD )HGHUDO  &() HP QRPH GR

IDYRUHFLGR YHQFHGRU GD GHPDQGD (VWH VDFD GLUHWDPHQWH R YDORU QD

DJrQFLD EDQFiULD GD &() PHGLDQWH DSUHVHQWDomR GH GRFXPHQWRV GH

LGHQWLILFDomRVHPQHFHVVLGDGHGHH[SHGLomRGHDOYDUiRXDXWRUL]DomR

2 VLVWHPD WHP IXQFLRQDGR PXLWR EHP



 SRLV p

WRWDOPHQWHFHQWUDOL]DGRHXWLOL]DVHGHPHLRVHOHWU{QLFRViJHLVHVHJXURV

SDUDTXHDUHTXLVLomRFKHJXHDWpR3RGHU([HFXWLYRHHPVHJXLGDKDMDD

UHPHVVD GR GLQKHLUR SDUD R WULEXQDO FRPSHWHQWH TXH SRU VXD YH]

GHWHUPLQD D DEHUWXUD GH FRQWDV FRUUHQWHV LQGLYLGXDLV HP LQVWLWXLomR

EDQFiULD HPQRPH GRV IDYRUHFLGRV WXGR LVVRRFRUUHQGR QR SUD]R GH 

GLDVSUHYLVWRQDOHL

5HJLVWUHVH DLQGD TXH p SRVVtYHO QR kPELWR GRV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV D H[SHGLomR GH SUHFDWyULR SDUD H[HFXomR GH

YDORUVXSHULRUDVDOiULRVPtQLPRVeTXHWDOOLPLWHGHDOoDGDVHDSOLFD

QR PRPHQWR GR DMXL]DPHQWR GD DomR SDUD ILQV GH GHILQLomR GH

FRPSHWrQFLD



PDVQmRLPSHGHTXHRYDORUGDFRQGHQDomRVHMDVXSHULRU

( LVWR FRQVWDQWHPHQWH RFRUUH SRLV D GHPRUD QR MXOJDPHQWR GD FDXVD

SRGH HQVHMDU D PDMRUDomR GR YDORU LQLFLDO GH DOoDGD SRU FRQWD GD

LQFLGrQFLDGHFRUUHomRPRQHWiULDHRXMXURVGHPRUD

$OpP GHVVH IDWRU PXLWR IUHTHQWHPHQWH RFRUUH D

H[WUDSRODomR GR WHWR GH  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV QRWDGDPHQWH QR FDVR GH

OLGHV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV RX UHODFLRQDGDV j UHPXQHUDomR GH VHUYLGRUHV

400

Apenas no caso de requisição de pequeno valor (RPV) expedida até o valor máximo de alçada dos juizados

federais, ou seja, 60 salários mínimos, pois os precatórios de valor superior são submetidos ao rito tradicional do

caput do art. 100 da CF/88.

401

As requisições de pagamento no âmbito da Justiça Federal, tanto as RPV´s como os precatórios, são

regulamentadas pela Resolução n. 559/2007 do Conselho da Justiça Federal (DOU 28/06/2007).

402

PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro:

2006, p.213.

144

S~EOLFRV HP TXH VH SOHLWHLDP SUHVWDo}HV GH WUDWR VXFHVVLYR SRLV DV

SDUFHODV YHQFLGDV DSyV R DMXL]DPHQWR GD DomR QmR VH FRQVLGHUDP

UHQXQFLDGDVWDFLWDPHQWHQDIRUPD GHVFULWD QR GRDUW  GD/HLQ

 UHJUD JHUDO DSOLFiYHO DRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SRU

DXVrQFLDGHGLVSRVLomRH[SUHVVDQD/HLQ





(P IDFH GD LQH[LVWrQFLD GHUHQ~QFLD WiFLWD HPUHODomR

jV SUHVWDo}HV IXWXUDV GRV EHQHItFLRV DV SDUFHODV GHYLGDV HQWUH R

DMXL]DPHQWR GD DomR H R WUkQVLWR HP MXOJDGR RX R PrV HP TXH D

$GPLQLVWUDomR 3~EOLFD LPSOHPHQWRX D YDQWDJHP UHPXQHUDWyULD GH WUDWR

VXFHVVLYR VmR VRPDGDV FRP R YDORU GDV SDUFHODV YHQFLGDV DQWHV GR

DMXL]DPHQWRGDDomRHVWDVVLPOLPLWDGDVDRYDORUGHVDOiULRVPtQLPRV

&DVR WDO VRPD XOWUDSDVVH  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV WRUQDVH SRVVtYHO D

H[SHGLomRGHSUHFDWyULRMXGLFLDOPHVPRTXHRYDORUGDFDXVDLQLFLDOPHQWH

WHQKD VLGR LQIHULRU D  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV $ GHPRUD QD WUDPLWDomR GR

SURFHVVR ± TXH QmR p LPSXWiYHO DR GHPDQGDQWH ± SRGH HQVHMDU QR

FUHVFLPHQWR HFRQ{PLFR GD OLGH H DVVLP DOWHUDU D IRUPD GH SDJDPHQWR

LQLFLDOPHQWHSUHYLVWD

(QWUHWDQWR YDOH UHJLVWUDU TXH D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH

H[SHGLomRGHSUHFDWyULRpH[SUHVVDPHQWHSUHYLVWDQRGRDUWGD

/HL Q  WHQGR VLGR ViELR R OHJLVODGRU QHVVH DVSHFWR SRLV

DWHQWRX SDUD D QDWXUH]D GDV OLGHV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV H GRV VHUYLGRUHV

S~EOLFRV IHGHUDLV TXH QRUPDOPHQWH HYROYHP SUHVWDo}HV GH WUDWR

VXFHVVLYR



6LVWHPDUHFXUVDOGRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLV



(PSULQFtSLRRVLVWHPDUHFXUVDOGRVMXL]DGRVIHGHUDLVp

SUDWLFDPHQWH LGrQWLFR DR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLV DWp PHVPR

SRUTXHDSUySULD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOQRDUW,SUHYrR³MXOJDPHQWR

GHUHFXUVRVSRUWXUPDVGHMXt]HVGHSULPHLURJUDX´

403

Este também é o entendimento de CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e

Federais: uma abordagem crítica. Lúmen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 211.

145

1R kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV HVWDGXDLV DSyV R MXOJDPHQWR

GDVHQWHQoDSHODWXUPDUHFXUVDO



DLQGDUHVWDYDXPUHFXUVRQmRSUHYLVWR

QD /HL Q  RX VHMD R UHFXUVR H[WUDRUGLQiULR SDUD R 6XSUHPR

7ULEXQDO)HGHUDOSRLVRDUW,,,GD/HL0DLRUSHUPLWH DDWXDomRGD

&RUWH 6XSUHPD PHGLDQWH R H[WUDRUGLQiULR QDV ³FDXVDV GHFLGLGDV HP

~OWLPDRX~QLFDLQVWkQFLDTXDQGRDGHFLVmRUHFRUULGD´VHDGHTXDUDXPD

GDVDOtQHDVGRGLVSRVLWLYR QDPHGLGDHPTXH R WH[WRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOQmR

H[LJHTXHD~OWLPDLQVWkQFLDGHMXOJDPHQWRVHMDXPWULEXQDO





2UHFXUVRH[WUDRUGLQiULRSRLVpFDEtYHOWDPEpPFRQWUD

DV GHFLV}HV GDV WXUPDV UHFXUVDLV IHGHUDLV SRLV HYLGHQWHPHQWH D

&RQVWLWXLomRQmR IH]GLVWLQomR HQWUHRV MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV HVWDGXDLVH RV

IHGHUDLV TXDQGR GHILQLX DV KLSyWHVHV GH DGPLVVLELOLGDGH GR UHFXUVR

H[WUDRUGLQiULR

eFHUWRHQWUHWDQWRTXHTXHVW}HVGHPHQRUUHOHYkQFLD

DLQGD TXH FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV QmR PDLV FKHJDUmR DR 6XSUHPR 7ULEXQDO

)HGHUDOHPIDFHGRQRYHOLQVWLWXWRGD³UHSHUFXVVmRJHUDO´LQVWLWXtGRSHOD

(&QTXHDFUHVFHQWRXRDRDUWGD/HL0DLRU





7UDWDVH GH DOWHUDomR TXH PHUHFH IRUWHV HORJLRV SRLV

SDUDDUHDOLGDGHGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVQDGDSLRUGRTXHYHUXPDFDXVD

TXH GHYHULD VHU FpOHUH VHU VXEPHWLGD D PDLV DOWD &RUWH GR SDtV Mi

DEDUURWDGDGHSURFHVVRVRTXHSURYDYHOPHQWHVLJQLILFDRSURORQJDPHQWR

LQGHYLGRGRSURFHVVR

7RGDYLD R OHJLVODGRU RUGLQiULRDR LQVWLWXLU RVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV LQRYRX VREUHPDQHLUD SRLV FULRX XP VLVWHPD UHFXUVDO

H[WUDRUGLQiULR



PDLVDPSORSHUPLWLQGRRMXOJDPHQWRGHUHFXUVRVDOpP

GD WXUPD UHFXUVDO SURSULDPHQWH GLWD SRU XPD WXUPD UHJLRQDO GH

XQLIRUPL]DomR XPD WXUPD QDFLRQDO GHXQLIRUPL]DomR IRUPDGD SRUMXt]HV

GHSULPHLURJUDXHDWpPHVPRSHOR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoD

404

Esse é o termo que costuma designar as turmas de juízes de primeiro grau.

405

ALVIM, J. E, Carreira. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais: Lei 9.099/95. Juruá: Curitiba, 2003, p. 118-119.

406

“§ 3º No recurso extraordinário o recorrente deverá demonstrar a repercussão geral das questões

constitucionais discutidas no caso, nos termos da lei, a fim de que o Tribunal examine a admissão do recurso,

somente podendo recusá-lo pela manifestação de dois terços de seus membros.”

407

O termo extraordinário aqui serve para designar de forma genérica os recursos posteriores ao julgamento de

segunda instância.

146



'HIDWRFRQILUDVHRDUWGD/HLQ



$UW&DEHUiSHGLGRGHXQLIRUPL]DomRGHLQWHUSUHWDomRGH

OHL IHGHUDO TXDQGR KRXYHU GLYHUJrQFLD HQWUH GHFLV}HV VREUH

TXHVW}HVGHGLUHLWRPDWHULDOSURIHULGDVSRU7XUPDV5HFXUVDLV

QDLQWHUSUHWDomRGDOHL

 

 2 SHGLGR IXQGDGR HP GLYHUJrQFLD HQWUH 7XUPDV GD

PHVPD 5HJLmR VHUi MXOJDGR HP UHXQLmR FRQMXQWD GDV

7XUPDVHPFRQIOLWRVREDSUHVLGrQFLDGR-XL]&RRUGHQDGRU

 

 2 SHGLGR IXQGDGR HP GLYHUJrQFLD HQWUH GHFLV}HV GH

WXUPDV GH GLIHUHQWHV UHJL}HV RX GD SURIHULGD HP

FRQWUDULHGDGHDV~PXODRXMXULVSUXGrQFLDGRPLQDQWHGR67-

VHUi MXOJDGR SRU 7XUPD GH 8QLIRUPL]DomR LQWHJUDGD SRU

MXt]HV GH 7XUPDV 5HFXUVDLV VRE D SUHVLGrQFLD GR

&RRUGHQDGRUGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDO

 

 $ UHXQLmR GH MXt]HV GRPLFLOLDGRV HP FLGDGHV GLYHUVDV

VHUiIHLWDSHODYLDHOHWU{QLFD

 

 4XDQGR D RULHQWDomR DFROKLGD SHOD 7XUPD GH

8QLIRUPL]DomR HP TXHVW}HV GH GLUHLWR PDWHULDO FRQWUDULDU

V~PXODRXMXULVSUXGrQFLDGRPLQDQWHQR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH

-XVWLoD 67- D SDUWH LQWHUHVVDGD SRGHUi SURYRFDU D

PDQLIHVWDomRGHVWHTXHGLULPLUiDGLYHUJrQFLD

 

 1R FDVR GR  

 SUHVHQWH D SODXVLELOLGDGH GR GLUHLWR

LQYRFDGR H KDYHQGR IXQGDGR UHFHLR GH GDQR GH GLItFLO

UHSDUDomR SRGHUi R UHODWRU FRQFHGHU GH RItFLR RX D

UHTXHULPHQWR GR LQWHUHVVDGR PHGLGD OLPLQDU GHWHUPLQDQGR

D VXVSHQVmR GRV SURFHVVRV QRV TXDLV D FRQWURYpUVLD HVWHMD

HVWDEHOHFLGD



(YHQWXDLVSHGLGRVGHXQLIRUPL]DomRLGrQWLFRVUHFHELGRV

VXEVHTHQWHPHQWH HP TXDLVTXHU 7XUPDV 5HFXUVDLV ILFDUmR

UHWLGRV QRV DXWRV DJXDUGDQGRVH SURQXQFLDPHQWR GR

6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoD

 

 6H QHFHVViULR R UHODWRU SHGLUi LQIRUPDo}HV DR

3UHVLGHQWHGD7XUPD5HFXUVDORX&RRUGHQDGRUGD7XUPDGH

8QLIRUPL]DomR H RXYLUi R 0LQLVWpULR 3~EOLFR QR SUD]R GH

FLQFR GLDV (YHQWXDLV LQWHUHVVDGRV DLQGD TXH QmR VHMDP

SDUWHV QR SURFHVVR SRGHUmR VH PDQLIHVWDU QR SUD]R GH

WULQWDGLDV



'HFRUULGRVRVSUD]RVUHIHULGRVQR

RUHODWRULQFOXLUi

RSHGLGRHPSDXWDQD6HomRFRPSUHIHUrQFLDVREUHWRGRVRV

GHPDLVIHLWRVUHVVDOYDGRVRVSURFHVVRVFRPUpXVSUHVRVRV

KDEHDVFRUSXVHRVPDQGDGRVGHVHJXUDQoD

 

 3XEOLFDGR R DFyUGmR UHVSHFWLYR RV SHGLGRV UHWLGRV

UHIHULGRVQR

VHUmRDSUHFLDGRVSHODV 7XUPDV5HFXUVDLV

TXH SRGHUmR H[HUFHU MXt]R GH UHWUDWDomR RX GHFODUiORV

SUHMXGLFDGRVVHYHLFXODUHPWHVHQmRDFROKLGDSHOR6XSHULRU

7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoD

2V7ULEXQDLV5HJLRQDLVR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoD

H R 6XSUHPR 7ULEXQDO )HGHUDO QR kPELWR GH VXDV

147

FRPSHWrQFLDV H[SHGLUmR QRUPDV UHJXODPHQWDQGR D

FRPSRVLomR GRV yUJmRV H RV SURFHGLPHQWRV D VHUHP

DGRWDGRVSDUDRSURFHVVDPHQWRHRMXOJDPHQWRGRSHGLGRGH

XQLIRUPL]DomRHGRUHFXUVRH[WUDRUGLQiULR



(P SULPHLUR OXJDU FULRXVH XP ³SHGLGR GH

XQLIRUPL]DomR GH LQWHUSUHWDomR GH OHL IHGHUDO´ QR FDVR GH GLYHUJrQFLD

HQWUH WXUPDV UHFXUVDLV 6HQGR HODV GD PHVPD 5HJLmR GD -XVWLoD

)HGHUDO



DGLYHUJrQFLDVHUiGLULPLGDSHODVWXUPDVHPFRQIOLWRGR

DUWLJRFLWDGRHQTXDQWRVHRFRQIOLWRLQWHUSUHWDWLYRVXFHGHUHQWUHWXUPDV

UHFXUVDLV GH UHJL}HV GLVWLQWDV D FRQWURYpUVLD VREUH GLUHLWR PDWHULDO VHUi

GHFLGLGD SRU XPD WXUPD QDFLRQDO GH XQLIRUPL]DomR718 LQWHJUDGD SRU

MXt]HVGHSULPHLURJUDXGHWRGDVDVUHJL}HVGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDO





2 SHGLGR GHVFULWR QR FDSXW GR DUW  GD /HL Q

 QD YHUGDGH WHP QDWXUH]D MXUtGLFD GH UHFXUVR





DVVHPHOKDQGRVHDRVHPEDUJRVGHGLYHUJrQFLDSRLVVHGHVWLQDGHQWURGR

PHVPR SURFHVVR D UHYLVDU XPD GHFLVmR MXGLFLDO SURODWDGD DLQGD TXH R

IXQGDPHQWR GR UHFXUVR RX SHGLGR GH XQLIRUPL]DomR VHMD D GLYHUJrQFLD

LQWHUSUHWDWLYDHQWUHyUJmRVMXOJDGRUHVGLVWLQWRV

3RU RXWUR ODGR R  GR DUWLJR VXSUDFLWDGR FULRX XP

LQFLGHQWHGHFRPSDWLELOL]DomRGHGLYHUJrQFLDHQWUHDVGHFLV}HVGD718H

GR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH -XVWLoD± 67-QRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRDTXHVW}HVGH

GLUHLWR PDWHULDO SHUPLWLQGR D SUHYDOrQFLD GHVWD &RUWH GH -XVWLoD QD

LQWHUSUHWDomRILQDOGRGLUHLWRIHGHUDO

(PTXHSHVHDVGLYHUVDVFUtWLFDVDRLQFLGHQWHTXHSDUD

DOJXQVpLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDO



WHQKRTXHDLQWHQomRGDOHLIRLDGHSUHVHUYDU

408

São cinco as Regiões da Justiça Federal brasileira.

409

A chamada “Turma Nacional de Uniformização dos Juizados Especiais Federais” está regulamentada pelo

Conselho da Justiça Federal, por meio da Resolução n. 390, de 19/09/2004. Tal norma prevê a sua composição

por 10 juízes federais em atuação nas turmas recursais, sendo 2 de cada região da Justiça Federal.

410

Também no mesmo sentido, cf., PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed.

Lumen Juris: Rio de Janeiro: 2006, p. 203; ALVIM, J. E. Carreira. Juizados Especiais Federais. Forense: Rio de

Janeiro, 2002, p. 99-100, apesar da crítica deste autor à terminologia legal adotada; e CÂMARA, Alexandre

Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica. Lúmen Juris: Rio de Janeiro,

2004, p. 250.

411

Cf., CÂMARA, Alexandre Freitas. Juizados Especiais Cíveis Estaduais e Federais: uma abordagem crítica.

Lúmen Juris: Rio de Janeiro, 2004, p. 253/254, para quem o incidente trata-se de um recurso especial disfarçado,

o qual não é cabível, na forma do art. 105 da CF, contra decisões proferidas por órgãos judiciais que não se

148

D FRPSHWrQFLD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR 67- GH GHILQLU D ~OWLPD SDODYUD HP

PDWpULDGHGLUHLWRIHGHUDO

&RPHIHLWRSDUD-RVp$IRQVRGD6LOYD



2TXH GiFDUDFWHUtVWLFDSUySULDDR67- VmR VXDVDWULEXLo}HV

GH FRQWUROH GD LQWHLUH]D SRVLWLYD GD DXWRULGDGH H GD

XQLIRUPL]DomR GH LQWHUSUHWDomR GD OHL IHGHUDO

FRQVXEVWDQFLDQGRVH Dt MXULVGLomR GH WXWHOD GR SULQFtSLR GD

LQFROXPLGDGH GR 'LUHLWR REMHWLYR TXH ³FRQVWLWXL XP YDORU

MXUtGLFR ± TXH UHVXPH FHUWH]D JDUDQWLD H RUGHP  YDORU

HVVHTXHLPS}HDQHFHVVLGDGHGHXPyUJmRGHFXPHHXP

LQVWLWXWR SURFHVVXDO SDUD D VXD UHDO HIHWLYDomR QR SODQR

SURFHVVXDO´



JULIRVQRRULJLQDO



$VVLP SDUWLQGR GH XPD LQWHUSUHWDomR VLVWHPiWLFD H

ILQDOtVWLFD GD &RQVWLWXLomR GHYHVH DGPLWLU D FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH GR

LQFLGHQWHGHXQLIRUPL]DomRSUHYLVWRSDUDR67-GHILQLUGHIRUPDVREHUDQD

D LQWHUSUHWDomR GR GLUHLWR REMHWLYR IHGHUDO TXH p XPD GH VXDV IXQo}HV

SULPRUGLDLVVHQmRDPDLVLPSRUWDQWH





7RGDYLDGHYHVHUHFRQKHFHUQRTXHVHUHIHUHjVQRYDV

SRVVLELOLGDGHVUHFXUVDLVRIHUHFLGDVSHOD/HLQTXHKRXYHXP

UD]RiYHO DODUJDPHQWR GDV KLSyWHVHV GH LQWHUSRVLomR GH UHFXUVRV R TXH

SRGH VH HVVH DUFDERXoR QRUPDWLYR QmR IRU FRUUHWDPHQWH PDQHMDGR

LPSOLFDU QXP DWUDVR FRQVLGHUiYHO QR MXOJDPHQWR GH GHWHUPLQDGRV

SURFHVVRV$VVLPRVRSHUDGRUHVMXUtGLFRVGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

± HVSHFLDOPHQWH RV DGYRJDGRV S~EOLFRV  GHYHP WHU FXLGDGR SDUD HYLWDU

TXH TXHVW}HV PHQRUHV PHVPR TXH GH GLUHLWR IHGHUDO QmR VHMDP

HQFDPLQKDGDVSDUDDWXUPDQDFLRQDORXSDUDR67-$VVLPFRPRSDUDR

67)RTXHDJRUDpPDLVIDFWtYHOHPIDFHGDUHJXODPHQWDomRGRLQVWLWXWR

UHVWULWLYR GD ³UHSHUFXVVmR JHUDO´ FRPR H[LJrQFLD GH FRQKHFLPHQWR GH

UHFXUVRVH[WUDRUGLQiULRVSHOD/HL

qualificam como tribunais. Também nesse sentido, ALVIM, J. E. Carreira. Juizados Especiais Federais.

Forense: Rio de Janeiro, 2002, p. 107/108.

412

SILVA, José Afonso. Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 16. ed. São Paulo: Malheiros, 1999, p. 562.

413

Também nesse sentido, PEREIRA, Guilherme Bollorini. Juizados Especiais Federais Cíveis. 2. ed. Lumen

Juris: Rio de Janeiro: 2006, p. 204-205.

149

2XWUD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH OHJH IHUHQGD SDUD PLQRUDU RV

HIHLWRV GD H[WHQVmR UHFXUVDO SURPRYLGD SHOR DUW  GD /HL Q

 VHULD H[FOXLU D SRVVLELOLGDGH GH LQFLGHQWH GH XQLIRUPL]DomR

HQWUH WXUPDV UHJLRQDLV SRVVLELOLWDQGRVH DSHQDV R LQFLGHQWH SHUDQWH D

WXUPD QDFLRQDOFRPR WDPEpPD FULDomRGH XP LQVWLWXWRGHUHSHUFXVVmR

JHUDO±VLPLODUDRLQVWLWXtGRSDUDRUHFXUVRH[WUDRUGLQiULR±SDUDDVFDXVDV

VHUHP DGPLWLGDV SHUDQWH D 7XUPD 1DFLRQDO GH 8QLIRUPL]DomR H WDPEpP

SHOR67-

150



 2 SULQFtSLR GD GXUDomR UD]RiYHO GR SURFHVVR H RV -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV

)HGHUDLV&tYHLV



2SULQFtSLRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVR



2 SUHVHQWH FDStWXOR WHP FRPR REMHWLYR DQDOLVDU R

SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR



 LQWURGX]LGR

SHOD (PHQGD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO Q  H VXDV LPSOLFDo}HV FRP RV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV FtYHLV QRWDGDPHQWH QR kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV QR TXH FRQFHUQH HVSHFLDOPHQWH j FRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLV

3DUD XPD PHOKRU DQiOLVH GD TXHVWmR MXUtGLFD VHUmR

DSUHVHQWDGRV GDGRV HVWDWtVWLFRV RILFLDLV TXH LOXVWUDP R WHPSR GH

WUDPLWDomR GRV SURFHVVRV GHVGH R DMXL]DPHQWR GD GHPDQGD DWp R

SDJDPHQWR GD FRQGHQDomR SRGHQGRVH DVVLP FKHJDU D DOJXPDV

FRQFOXV}HV VREUH R PLFURVVLVWHPD GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV H VXD

UHODomRFRPDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

$SUHRFXSDomRFRPDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDODSHVDUGH

UHIRUoDGD XOWLPDPHQWH HVSHFLDOPHQWH SHOD WpFQLFD GD SRVLWLYDomR GHVVH

GLUHLWRHPWH[WRVHVFULWRVLQFOXVLYHHPQRUPDVGHSDWDPDUFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

QmR p XPD FRQFHSomR VXUJLGD QD ,GDGH &RQWHPSRUkQHD PDV VLP

JHUPLQDGDKiVpFXORVDWUiV

'HIDWRMiQD,GDGH0pGLDRDUWGDIDPRVD0DJQD

&DUWDSUHYLDRGLUHLWRjSUHVWDomRMXULVGLFLRQDOVHPGLODo}HVLQGHYLGDVR

TXDO WDPEpP IRL SUHYLVWR QD pSRFD GD ,QGHSHQGrQFLD $PHULFDQD



 QR

414

Convém apresentar um esclarecimento terminológico, pois no texto serão utilizadas como sinônimas as

expressões “duração razoável do processo” e “celeridade processual”, tendo em vista que se entende que elas

significam a mesma coisa, ou seja, equivalem ao direito ao julgamento célere dos processos judiciais.

415

Frederico Koehler aponta que já nas primeiras declarações de direitos de alguns Estados formadores dos

Estados Unidos da América (Virgínia e Delaware) constava a exigência de julgamento célere (speedly without

delay) e que foi incorporado à Constituição Americana definitiva por meio da 6ª Emenda, de 15/12/1791. Cf.

KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração do processo: propostas para sua

concretização nas demandas cíveis. Recife: Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada junto à Faculdade de Direito da

UFPE, aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 21.

151

6pFXOR;9,,,HSRVWHULRUPHQWHSRUWUDWDGRVHFDUWDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGR

VHJXQGR SyV*XHUUD 1RWHVH D SURSyVLWR TXH DV QRYDV &RQVWLWXLo}HV

GHPRFUiWLFDVGH3RUWXJDOGD(VSDQKDHGD,WiOLDGDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGR

VpFXORSDVVDGRHWDPEpPD&RQYHQomR(XURSpLDGRV'LUHLWRVGR+RPHP

HGLWDGDHPSUHYrHPH[SUHVVDPHQWHRGLUHLWRDRSURFHVVRHPSUD]R

UD]RiYHO





7DPEpP QR SODQR GR 'LUHLWR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO DPHULFDQR

KRXYH R UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GR GLUHLWR DR SURFHVVR FpOHUH SHOD &RQYHQomR

$PHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP 3DFWR GH 6mR -RVp GD &RVWD 5LFD

HGLWDGD HP  H TXH FRQVLVWH QR PDLV LPSRUWDQWH GRFXPHQWR GH

SURWHomRGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVQD5HJLmRGDV$PpULFDV





1RkPELWRGRGLUHLWRLQWHUQRD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGH

WDPEpPSURFXURXEXVFDUDHIHWLYLGDGHGRSURFHVVRFDUDFWHUL]DQGR

FRP VWDWXV GH GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO FHUWDVJDUDQWLDV SURFHVVXDLV FRPR R

GLUHLWR DR DPSOR DFHVVR j -XVWLoD H DR GHYLGR SURFHVVR OHJDO RV TXDLV

DQWHV PHVPR GD (PHQGD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO Q  Mi DEUDQJHULDP

VHJXQGRDGRXWULQDGRPLQDQWHRGLUHLWRjFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO



$FHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQDFLRQDO



$ SUHRFXSDomR FRP D FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO JDQKRX

FRQWRUQRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVHLQFOXVmRGRGLUHLWRHPGRFXPHQWRVQRUPDWLYRV

GHFDUiWHUWUDQVQDFLRQDODSDUWLUGDVHJXQGDPHWDGHGRVpFXORSDVVDGRe

FHUWR TXH QD 'HFODUDomR 8QLYHUVDO GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV GD 218 GH





 QmR FRQVWD H[SUHVVDPHQWH XP GLUHLWR DR SURFHVVR FpOHUH PDV

416

Confira-se, a propósito, o seguinte trabalho acadêmico, no qual o autor traça os aspectos históricos do

princípio da celeridade processual. KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração

do processo: propostas para sua concretização nas demandas cíveis. Recife: Dissertação de Mestrado

apresentada junto à Faculdade de Direito da UFPE, aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 20-24.

417

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

2007, p. 235.

418

Sobre a força jurídica da declaração, Fábio Konder Comparato a considera tecnicamente uma recomendação a

ser seguida pelos Estados-membros da ONU, mas esclarece, apesar disso, que ela tem força jurídica como

reveladora de princípios universais de Direito Internacional que, por sua vez, teriam força vinculante.

COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007, p.

226-227. Para Piovesan, a declaração da ONU também teria validade jurídica por ter se transformado em

152

LQGLUHWDPHQWH Mi VH IH] UHIHUrQFLD j QHFHVVLGDGH GH VROXo}HV MXGLFLDLV

HIHWLYDVSDUD D VDOYDJXDUGD GRVGLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV GR KRPHP FRPR

VHQRWDGRDUWLJR9,,,GDQRUPDLQGLFDGDLQYHUELV



$UWLJR9,,,



7RGR KRPHP WHP GLUHLWR D UHFHEHU GRV WULEXQDLV QDFLRQDLV

FRPSHWHQWHV UHPpGLR HIHWLYR SDUD RV DWRV TXH YLROHP RV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV TXH OKH VHMDP UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOD

&RQVWLWXLomRRXSHODOHLJULIRQRVVR



2 WHUPR ³UHPpGLR HIHWLYR´ FRQVLGHUDGD VXD

DEUDQJrQFLD



 SRGH VHU FODUDPHQWH FRPSUHHQVLYR GR FRQFHLWR GH

FHOHULGDGH QD PHGLGD HP TXH XP SURFHGLPHQWR MXGLFLDO GHPRUDGR

FODUDPHQWH QmR SRGH VHU FRQVLGHUDGR FRPR HIHWLYR RX VHMD DSWR SDUD

VROXFLRQDU GH IRUPD VDWLVIDWyULD XPD FRQWURYpUVLD HQWUHV DV SDUWHV

OLWLJDQWHV

1R kPELWR GR GLUHLWR HXURSHX SRU RXWUR ODGR FXMRV

SDtVHVLQWHJUDPD218HPVXDPDLRULDPDVWDPEpPID]HPSDUWHGHXPD

FRPXQLGDGH UHJLRQDO GH QDo}HV R &RQVHOKR GD (XURSD



 RV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV VmR UHJXODGRV SUHFLSXDPHQWH SHOD &RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GH

'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV



 GDWDGD GH  H TXH HQWURX HP YLJRU HP 

SRVWHULRUPHQWHDGLWDGDSRUSURWRFRORVDGLFLRQDLV





verdadeiro costume jurídico internacional. PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional

Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2007, p. 144-146.

419

No Dicionário Aurélio, versão eletrônica 3.0, o adjetivo efetivo apresenta três significações: “1. Que se

manifesta por um efeito real; positivo: 2. Permanente, estável, fixo: 3. Que merece confiança; seguro, firme.”,

todas num sentido positivo, ou seja, de algo que realmente acontece.

420

O Conselho da Europa é uma organização política supranacional (que não se confunde com a União

Européia: esta é uma comunidade menor, com mais enfoque na integração econômica) formada por 47 países

europeus. O Conselho da Europa apresenta semelhança com a OEA – Organização dos Estados Americanos em

relação aos países das Américas. Ele tem sede em Strasbourg, na França, e foi criada pela Convenção Européia

dos Direitos do Homem, tendo como enfoque maior a defesa dos direitos humanos no âmbito europeu. Maiores

informações podem ser obtidas no sítio http://www.coe.int

421

O nome oficial da convenção em inglês é: Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental

Freedoms.

422

Cf. RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise dos sistemas de

apuração de violações de direitos humanos e a implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar,

2002, p. 185-186. Após a edição dessa obra, mais três protocolos foram firmados, segundo consta do sítio oficial

do Conselho da Europa:

<http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ListeTraites.asp?MA=3&CM=7&CL=ENG>.

153

$ &RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP YDOH

UHJLVWUDU WDPEpP VH HVSHOKD QRV LGHDLV XQLYHUVDLV



 GH GHIHVD GRV

GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV LJXDOPHQWH DGRWDGRV SHOD 'HFODUDomR 8QLYHUVDO GRV

'LUHLWRV+XPDQRVGD218GHFRPRVHQRWDFODUDPHQWHGRSULPHLUR

FRQVLGHUDQGRGRWH[WRHXURSHXTXHID]UHIHUrQFLDH[SUHVVDj'HFODUDomR

GH'LUHLWRVGD218

(QRTXHVHUHIHUHjTXHVWmRHVSHFtILFDGRGLUHLWRDXP

MXOJDPHQWR HP WHPSR UD]RiYHO D &RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GLVS{V

H[SUHVVDPHQWHTXHWRGRFLGDGmRWHPGLUHLWRDXPMXOJDPHQWRMXVWRHHP

WHPSRUD]RiYHOSRUXPWULEXQDOLQGHSHQGHQWH'HIDWRFRQILUDVHRWHRU

GRGLVSRVLWLYRGRGRDUWGD&RQYHQomRHPWUDGXomROLYUH







$UWLJR±'LUHLWRDXPMXOJDPHQWRMXVWR



 ± 1D GHWHUPLQDomR GRV GLUHLWRV FLYLV H REULJDo}HV RX QR

FDVRGHDFXVDo}HVFULPLQDLVWRGRVRVLQGLYtGXRVWrPGLUHLWR

D XP MXVWR H S~EOLFR MXOJDPHQWR GHQWUR GH XP WHPSR

UD]RiYHO SRU XP WULEXQDO LQGHSHQGHQWH H LPSDUFLDO

HVWDEHOHFLGRSHODOHL>@



JULIRQRVVR



423

A tendência atual, no âmbito internacional, é o reconhecimento da universalização dos direitos humanos,

embora de forma cuidadosa e maleável em face da grande diversidade cultural dos povos do mundo, que também

deve ser respeitada. Por sua vez, há autores como Jürgen Habermas que reconhecem a dificuldade da realização

universal dos direitos humanos, em face da “tensão peculiar entre o sentido universal dos direitos humanos e as

condições locais da sua efetivação”, apesar deste filósofo reconhecer que “os direitos humanos oferecem o único

fundamento de legitimação dentre todos os reconhecidos para a política da comunidade dos povos; quase todos

os Estados adoraram o teor da carta dos direitos humanos da ONU [...]”. Cf. HABERMAS, Jürgen. A

constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p.

150-151.

424

Para conferir a tradução portuguesa do texto da Convenção, acessar o sítio oficial da Corte Européia: <

http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/7510566B-AE54-44B9-A163-

912EF12B8BA4/0/PortuguesePortugais.pdf>.

425

Texto original e completo em inglês:

“Article 6 – Right to a fair trial

1. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is entitled

to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by law.

Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from all or part of the trial in the

interests of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society, where the interests of juveniles or the

protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in

special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the interests of justice.

Disponível em : < http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Word/005.doc>. Acesso em 14/02/2008.

Cf. ainda, o texto em português: Disponível em: http://www.echr.coe.int/NR/rdonlyres/7510566B-AE54-44B9-

A163-912EF12B8BA4/0/PortuguesePortugais.pdf.. Acesso em 18/02/2008.

154

6H SRU XP ODGR p GH JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD R

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR H[SUHVVR H FDEDO GR GLUHLWR j FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO SRU

XPD QRUPD MXUtGLFD GH GLUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO SRU RXWUR WDOYH] VHMD PDLV

LPSRUWDQWH R HVWDEHOHFLPHQWR QR SODQR QDFLRQDO GH LQVWUXPHQWRV

MXUtGLFRSURFHVVXDLVUHDOPHQWHDSWRVSDUDDFRQFUHWL]DomRGHVVHGLUHLWRH

GRV RXWURV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV UHFRQKHFLGRV SRU WH[WRV MXUtGLFRV

QDFLRQDLV





1R kPELWR HXURSHX YDOH FLWDU D DPSOD SRVVLELOLGDGH

FRQTXLVWDGD SDXODWLQDPHQWH GH XP FLGDGmR SURSRU XPD TXHL[D

GLUHWDPHQWH MXQWR j &RUWH (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP DOHJDQGR

YLRODomR GH XP GLUHLWR HVWDEHOHFLGR QD &RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV

+XPDQRV EHP FRPR D SRVVLELOLGDGH GD &RUWH REULJDU RV (VWDGRVSDUWHV

GD&RQYHQomRDFXPSULUHPDVRUGHQVMXGLFLDLVLQFOXVLYHGHWHUPLQDQGRR

SDJDPHQWR GD LQGHQL]DomR



 ( R SULQFLSDO PHLR SDUD HVVD HIHWLYDomR

FRQVLVWLX VHP VRPEUD GH G~YLGD QD SDXODWLQD LQWHJUDomR GR LQGLYtGXR

OHVDGR QR VHLR GRV SURFHVVRV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV GH YLRODomR GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV





&RQILUDVHDUHVSHLWRDOLomRGH1RUEHUWR%REELRTXH

UHVVDOWDDLPSRUWkQFLDGRGLUHLWRDRDFHVVRGLUHWRj&RUWHSHORVFLGDGmRV

GRV(VWDGRVPHPEURVGR&RQVHOKRGD(XURSD



&RPR VH VDEH HVVH WLSR GH JDUDQWLD IRL SUHYLVWD SHOD

&RQYHQomR (XURSpLD GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP ILUPDGD HP

5RPDHPGHQRYHPEURGHHTXH HQWURXHPYLJRU

HP  GH VHWHPEUR GH  DWUDYpV GR SURFHGLPHQWR ±

426

Sobre a importância da Corte Européia na defesa dos direitos humanos, cf. ALEXY, Robert.

Constitucionalismo Discursivo. Trad. Luís Afonso Heck. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 103-104.

427

Cf. COMPARATO, Fábio Konder. A afirmação histórica dos Direitos Humanos. 5. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

2007, p. 269-270. E, ainda, RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise

dos sistemas de apuração de violações de direitos humanos e a implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de

Janeiro: Renovar, 2002, p. 186. Ambos os autores ressaltam a efetividade do sistema de proteção dos direitos

humanos na Europa.

428

As alterações da Convenção Européia dos Direitos Humanos promovidas pelos protocolos ns. 09 e 11

possibilitaram ao cidadão lesado o direito de petição direta à Corte Européia solicitando a reparação da violação,

independentemente da análise do caso pela antiga Comissão Européia de Direitos Humanos, órgão extinto pelo

Protocolo n. 11, que se assemelhava ao Ministério Público ou a um órgão de investigação não-judicial. Cf.

RAMOS. André de Carvalho. Processo Internacional de Direitos Humanos: análise dos sistemas de apuração de

violações de direitos humanos e a implementação das decisões no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: Renovar, 2002, p. 205-

207.

155

VDXGDGR FRPR SURIXQGDPHQWH LQRYDGRU ± GDV GHPDQGDV

LQGLYLGXDLVj&RPLVVmR(XURSpLDGRV'LUHLWRVGR+RPHPFI

DUW 



 e XPD LQRYDomR TXH UHSUHVHQWD DWp DJRUD

DSHQDV XPD SRQWD DYDQoDGD QR VLVWHPD DWXDO GD SURWHomR

LQWHUQDFLRQDOGRVGLUHLWRVGRKRPHP





1RkPELWRGR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDODPHULFDQRRGLUHLWR

DR MXOJDPHQWR HP WHPSR UD]RiYHO HVWi SUHYLVWR H[SUHVVDPHQWH QD

&RQYHQomR$PHULFDQDGH'LUHLWRVGR+RPHP3DFWRGH6mR-RVpGD&RVWD

5LFD FXMR DUW    H WDPEpP R DUWLJR  GLVS}HP GH IRUPD

DQiORJD DRDUW  GD &RQYHQomR(XURSpLD TXH IRLUDWLILFDGD SHOR %UDVLO

SRUPHLRGR'HFUHWRQSXEOLFDGRHPGHQRYHPEURGH





1RWHVH DLQGD TXH R %UDVLO WDPEpP DFDWRX D

MXULVGLomR GD &RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV SRU PHLR GH

'HFUHWR/HJLVODWLYREDL[DGRHPRTXDODXWRUL]RXRSUHVLGHQWH

GD 5HS~EOLFD D FRPXQLFDU IRUPDOPHQWH j 2UJDQL]DomR GRV (VWDGRV

$PHULFDQRV±2($WDODFHLWDomR$DFHLWDomRIRUPDOGR%UDVLOHIHWLYDPHQWH

RFRUUHXHPSRUPHLRGHQRWDHQYLDGDj2($GHSRVLWiULDGD

&RQYHQomR$PHULFDQDGH'LUHLWRVGR+RPHP





7RGDYLD HP TXH SHVH D SRVVLELOLGDGH GR %UDVLO VHU

SURFHVVDGRLQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHSRUXPDGHPRUDH[FHVVLYDQDWUDPLWDomR

GHSURFHVVRVQmRFRQVWDDLQGDDRFRQWUiULRGRTXHRFRUUHQD(XURSDHP

UHODomR j DWXDomR GD &RUWH (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV TXDOTXHU

FRQGHQDomR GLUHWD GR SDtV SRU FRQWD GD YLRODomR GR DUW    GD

&RQYHQomR$PHULFDQDGH'LUHLWRVGR+RPHP





+i WRGDYLD XP SUHFHGHQWH GD &RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQD

UHODFLRQDGRjGXUDomRUD]RiYHOGRSURFHVVRQR%UDVLODLQGDTXHQmRGLJD

UHVSHLWRDR XPSURFHVVRLQWHUQRFRQFOXtGR FRPDWUDVR7UDWDVH GRFDVR

429

Referência à redação original do tratado, anterior ao Protocolo n. 11, de 1998.

430

BOBBIO, Norberto. A Era dos Direitos. Campus: Rio de Janeiro, 1996, p. 40.

431

KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração do processo: propostas para sua

concretização nas demandas cíveis. Dissertação de Mestrado UFPE, aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 20-24. Cf.

ainda, BARRUFFINI, Frederico Liserre. Possibilidade de efetivação do direito à razoável duração do processo.

Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 31, n. 139, set. 2006, p. 268.

432

KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração do processo: propostas para

sua concretização nas demandas cíveis. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada junto à Faculdade de Direito da

UFPE. Recife: aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 90-93.

433

Ibidem, p. 93.

156

;LPHQHV/RSHVYHUVXV%UDVLOQRTXDORSDtVIRLFRQGHQDGRWHQGRHPYLVWD

XPD DXVrQFLD GH FRQFOXVmR GH SURFHVVR MXGLFLDO LQWHUQR SURSRVWR SHOD

IDPtOLDGHGHILFLHQWHPHQWDOTXHIRUDPRUWRHPFOtQLFDSVLTXLiWULFD

1HVVHFDVRRyELWRGDYtWLPDRFRUUHXHPHDWpD

GDWDGRMXOJDPHQWRSHOD &RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQDHPMXOKRGHDLQGD

QmR KDYLD VLGR SURODWDGD VHQWHQoD QD -XVWLoD EUDVLOHLUD (P IDFH GHVVD

GHPRUD H[FHVVLYD D &RUWH ,QWHUDPHULFDQD DIDVWRX D SUHOLPLQDU GH

HVJRWDPHQWR GD MXULVGLomR LQWHUQD H FRQGHQRX R %UDVLO SRU YLRODomR j

&RQYHQomR $PHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP QRWDGDPHQWH TXDQWR DRV

DUWLJRVTXHJDUDQWHPRSURFHVVRFpOHUHHHIHWLYRSHUDQWHXPWULEXQDOORFDO

LQGHSHQGHQWHHLPSDUFLDO





2 EDL[R Q~PHUR GH GHPDQGDV LQWHUQDFLRQDLV

UHODFLRQDGDV j FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO QR kPELWR GDV $PpULFDV

SURYDYHOPHQWH GHFRUUH GD DXVrQFLD GH OHJLWLPLGDGH SURFHVVXDO GR

LQGLYtGXR HP SOHLWHDU XPD LQGHQL]DomR GH IRUPD GLUHWD SHUDQWH D &RUWH

,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP SRLV VRPHQWH D &RPLVVmR

,QWHUDPHULFDQD GH 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV H RV (VWDGRVSDUWHV GHWrP

OHJLWLPLGDGH DWLYD SDUD SURPRYHU Do}HV SHUDQWH D UHIHULGD FRUWH



 7DO

UHVWULomRUHYHODVHDQDFU{QLFDHGHVWRDQWHGHRXWURVVLVWHPDVGHSURWHomR

GHGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVFRPRSRUH[HPSORGRVLVWHPDHXURSHXGHSURWHomR

GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV QR TXDO D &RUWH (XURSpLD UHFHEH SHWLo}HV GRV

LQGLYtGXRV



$FHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOHRGLUHLWRLQWHUQR



1R%UDVLOSRGHVHDILUPDUTXHRGLUHLWRDRSURFHVVRHP

WHPSRUD]RiYHOIRLSRVLWLYDGRPHVPRDQWHVGD(PHQGD&RQVWLWXFLRQDOQ

SRLVDJDUDQWLD Mi HUDSUHYLVWDQRVDUWVLWHP H  GD

&RQYHQomR$PHULFDQDGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRV3DFWRGH6DQ-RVpGD&RVWD

434

KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. Op. cit., p. 98-100.

435

PIOVESAN, Flávia. Direitos Humanos e o Direito Constitucional Internacional. 8. ed. São Paulo: Saraiva,

2007, p. 250.

157

5LFDDTXDOIRLLQFRUSRUDGDFRPRGLUHLWRLQIUDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHVGHRDQR

GH

eFHUWRTXHDUHIHULGD&RQYHQomRHQWURXHPYLJRUFRP

VWDWXVGHOHLRUGLQiULDSRLVQD pSRFDDLQGDQmRHVWDYDHPYLJRUDQRYD

UHGDomR GR   GR DUW  GD &DUWD GH  GDGD SHOD (PHQGD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO Q  TXH FRQIHULX DWHQGLGDV DOJXPDV FRQGLo}HV

IRUPDLVRQtYHOGHQRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDODRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLVVREUH

GLUHLWRVKXPDQRVILUPDGRVSHOR%UDVLO

'H TXDOTXHU IRUPD D FLWDGD (& Q  H[WLQJXLX

TXDOTXHUG~YLGDVREUHDIRUoDMXUtGLFDGRGLUHLWRDRSURFHVVRVHPGLODo}HV

LQGHYLGDVRTXDOVHPG~YLGDDWXDOPHQWHID]SDUWHGRGLUHLWRSRVLWLYRHp

PHVPR FDSD] GH HQTXDGUDUVH FRPR WtSLFD QRUPD JHUDGRUD GH GLUHLWRV

VXEMHWLYRV SDUD DTXHOHV TXH VRIUHUDP FRP D GHPRUD H[FHVVLYD QD

WUDPLWDomRGHSURFHVVRVMXGLFLDLV





&RP HIHLWR DVVLP SUHVFUHYH R QRYHO DUW  /;;9,,,

GD&)



/;;9,,,DWRGRVQRkPELWRMXGLFLDOHDGPLQLVWUDWLYR VmR

DVVHJXUDGRVDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVRHRVPHLRVTXH

JDUDQWDPDFHOHULGDGHGHVXDWUDPLWDomR



9DOH UHJLVWUDU TXH PRGHUQDPHQWH QRWDGDPHQWH QR

FDVREUDVLOHLURRGLUHLWRSURFHVVXDOSDVVRXDGHLWDUUDt]HVGLUHWDPHQWHQR

WH[WRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHOHUHWLUDQGRERDSDUWHGHVXDIRUoDYLQFXODQWHHGH

VXDV FRQFHSo}HV WHyULFDV HVVHQFLDLV $VVLP ³WRGR R GLUHLWR SURFHVVXDO

FRPRUDPRGRGLUHLWRS~EOLFRWHPVXDVOLQKDVIXQGDPHQWDLVWUDoDGDVSHOR

GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO´



 VHQGR TXH DV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV

HVWDEHOHFHP D RUJDQL]DomR H HVWUXWXUD EiVLFD GR 3RGHU-XGLFLiULR IL[DP

436

Há quem defenda, inclusive, o direito à indenização pelo Estado no caso de demora excessiva no trâmite dos

processos. Cf., a respeito, KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração do

processo: propostas para sua concretização nas demandas cíveis. Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada junto à

Faculdade de Direito da UFPE. Recife: aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 101 e segs.

437

CINTRA, Antônio Carlos de Araújo; GRINOVER, Ada Pellegrini; DIMAMARCO, Cândido Rangel. Teoria

Geral do Processo. 23. ed. Malheiros: São Paulo, 2007, p. 84.

158

SULQFtSLRV SURFHVVXDLV UHOHYDQWHV LPS}HP JDUDQWLDV IXQGDPHQWDLV

SURFHVVXDLVHWF

3RGHVH PHVPR IDODU QXP ³GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

SURFHVVXDO´ TXH UHYHOD D ³FRQGHQVDomR PHWRGROyJLFD H VLVWHPiWLFD GRV

SULQFtSLRV GR SURFHVVR´



 GH PRGR TXH QmR p UD]RiYHO DWXDOPHQWH R

HVWXGR GR GLUHLWR SURFHVVXDO VHP D FRQVLGHUDomR GRV SRQWRV GH YLVWDV

QRUPDWLYRFRQVWLWXFLRQDLV Mi TXH R FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR PRGHUQR

LQDXJXUDGR D SDUWLU GDV 5HYROXo}HV /LEHUDLV $PHULFDQD H )UDQFHVD GR

6pFXOR;9,,,HUHIRUoDGRDSyVRPRYLPHQWRKXPDQLVWDHFORGLGRDSyVD

 *XHUUD 0XQGLDO ± VHPSUH SUHRFXSRXVH FRP D IL[DomR GDV JDUDQWLDV

IXQGDPHQWDLVGRVFLGDGmRVHSRUFRQVHTrQFLDFRPRGLUHLWRjSUHVWDomR

MXULVGLFLRQDOGHIRUPDMXVWD

$ ³tQWLPD FRQH[LGDGH´ HQWUH R GLUHLWR SURFHVVXDO H

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOQDYLVmRGH&DUORV$OEHUWR$OYDURGH2OLYHLUDLPSOLFDTXH

R



>@ SURFHVVR QD VXD FRQGLomR GH DXWrQWLFD IHUUDPHQWD GH

QDWXUH]DS~EOLFDLQGLVSHQViYHOSDUDDUHDOL]DomRGD-XVWLoDH

GD SDFLILFDomR VRFLDO QmR SRGH VHU FRPSUHHQGLGR FRPR

PHUDWpFQLFDPDVVLPFRPRLQVWUXPHQWRGHUHDOL]DomRGH

YDORUHVHHVSHFLDOPHQWHGHYDORUHVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVLPS}HVH

FRQVLGHUiORFRPRGLUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDODSOLFDGR





e HYLGHQWH SRUWDQWR R UHDOFH TXH R 'LUHLWR

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO QRWDGDPHQWH DTXHOH GH tQGROH GHPRFUiWLFD FRQIHULX j

FLrQFLDSURFHVVXDOUHDILUPDQGRRFDUiWHUSXEOLFLVWDGRSURFHVVRHGDQGR

OKH³XPDTXDOLGDGHFtYLFD´UHODFLRQDGDj³JDUDQWLDGHDFHVVRGRFLGDGmRj

WXWHOD MXUtGLFD GHFODUDGD H DVVHJXUDGD SHODV &RQVWLWXLo}HV´



 IHQ{PHQR

TXHEHPVHREVHUYDQDVFRQVWLWXLo}HVPRGHUQDVSUHRFXSDGDVHPUHIRUoDU

438

Ibidem, p. 85.

439

OLIVEIRA, Carlos Alberto Alvaro de. O processo civil na perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais. Revista

Forense. Rio de Janeiro, ano 100, vol. 372, p. 77-86, mar./abr. 2004, p. 77-78.

440

THEODORO JÚNIOR, Humberto. Celeridade e efetividade da prestação jurisdicional: insuficiência da

reforma das leis processuais. Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 30, n. 125, p. 61-78, jul. 2005, p. 63.

159

D GHPRFUDFLD SRU PHLR GR GLUHLWR GH SDUWLFLSDU HIHWLYDPHQWH GR

SURFHVVR





7DOPRYLPHQWRGHLQVHUomRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGRSURFHVVR

DVVLPFRPRDFRQVLGHUDomRSHOR'LUHLWR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGRGLUHLWRGRDPSOR

HFpOHUHDFHVVRj-XVWLoDFRPRLQWHJUDQWHGRUROGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVH

SRUWDQWR FRQHFWDGR FRP D LGpLD GH GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD HYLGHQWHPHQWH

IRUDP D IRUoD FULDGRUD GH XPD QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO SRVLWLYD H H[SUHVVD

TXH SUHYr H[DWDPHQWH R GLUHLWR j HQWUHJD GD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO HP

SUD]RUD]RiYHOWDOFRPRpDQRUPDGRPRGHUQRLQFLVR/;;,,,GRDUW

GD/HL0DLRU

( D UHIHULGD QRUPD QmR p GHVWLWXtGD GH YDORU MXUtGLFR

FRDWLYR H LQWHUSUHWDWLYR SRLV FRPR LQGLFD )UHGHULFR .RHKOHU H[LVWHP

FRQVHTrQFLDV GD SRVLWLYDomR GR SULQFtSLR GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO QR

QRVVRRUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFR



$ FRQVHTrQFLD OyJLFD IRL WRUQDU LQHTXtYRFR R VWDWXV

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR LQVWLWXWR &DSSHOOHWWL DILUPD TXH DV

JDUDQWLDV IXQGDPHQWDLV GR SURFHVVR SRU PDLV DQWLJDV TXH

VHMDPIRUDPHVTXHFLGDVHHVSH]LQKDGDV3RUWDQWRSDUDTXH

WHQKDPXPDDSOLFDomRPDLVHIHWLYDWDLVJDUDQWLDVSDVVDUDP

DLQWHJUDUDVPRGHUQDV&RQVWLWXLo}HVGHYiULRVSDtVHV





$QDOLVDUVHmR VHSDUDGDPHQWH DV RXWUDV FRQVHTrQFLDV QRV

VXEWySLFRV D VHJXLU  LQFHQWLYR j SHVTXLVD H DRV HVWXGRV

GRXWULQiULRV  XVR GR SULQFtSLR FRPR UD]mR GH GHFLGLU 

DWXDomR GR 3RGHU 3~EOLFR SDUD FRQFUHWL]DomR GR

PDQGDPHQWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHGDVOHLV

TXH DWHQWHP FRQWUD D UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR H 

LQGHQL]DELOLGDGH GRV GDQRV VRIULGRV FRP D GHPRUD GR

SURFHVVR





'HQWUH RV HIHLWRV FLWDGRV SHOR LOXVWUH -XL] )HGHUDO

SRGHUVHLD UHVVDOWDU DTXHOHV DSRQWDGRV QRV LWHQV  H  TXH GL]HP

441

Mauro Cappelletti anota que as constituições modernas abarcaram institutos processuais, como a assistência

judiciária aos pobres, que procuram facilitar o acesso à Justiça. Cf. CAPPELLETTI, Mauro. Problemas de

Reforma do Processo Civil nas Sociedades Contemporâneas. Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 17, n. 65, p.

127-143, jan./mar. 1992, p. 131.

442

CAPPELLETTI, Mauro. Problemas de reforma do processo civil nas sociedades contemporâneas. Revista de

Processo, a. 17, n. 65, jan./mar. 1992, p. 139.

443

KOEHLER, Frederico Augusto Leopoldino. O princípio da razoável duração do processo: propostas para

sua concretização nas demandas cíveis. Recife: Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada junto à Faculdade de

Direito da UFPE, aprovada em 24/03/2008, p. 28.

160

UHVSHLWR j DWXDomR GR 3RGHU 3~EOLFR QD FRQFUHWL]DomR GR SULQFtSLR GD

GXUDomR UD]RiYHO GR SURFHVVR WDQWR QR DVSHFWR GH DGRomR GH PHGLGDV

LQIUDOHJDLV HP SURO GD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO FRPR WDPEpP QR TXH

FRQFHUQH j FRPSHWrQFLD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR 3RGHU /HJLVODWLYR GH FULDU

QRUPDV MXUtGLFDV OHLV TXH DWHQWHP H YLVHP DOFDQoDU D H[LJrQFLD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOGHFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

1HVVD OLQKD GH SHQVDPHQWR REVHUYHVH

SULPHLUDPHQWH TXH R DGYHQWR GD UHIHULGD HPHQGD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO WHYH R

SRVLWLYRHIHLWRGHSURYRFDUQRVGLULJHQWHVGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRRVHVWtPXORV

QHFHVViULRVSDUDTXHRUHIHULGR3RGHUWDPEpPWRPHPHGLGDVDRODGRGRV

GHPDLV 3RGHUHV GD 5HS~EOLFD HP EXVFD GD DGHTXDGD FHOHULGDGH

SURFHVVXDO FRPR EHP PRVWUD R SHQVDPHQWR GR 0LQLVWUR &pVDU $VIRU

5RFKDDWXDOSUHVLGHQWHGR6XSHULRU7ULEXQDOGH-XVWLoD



$ HPHQGD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO Q  GD UHIRUPD GR -XGLFLiULR

UHIOHWLXHVVHDQVHLRDRLQVHULUHQWUHRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

DUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVRHRVPHLRVTXHJDUDQWDPD

FHOHULGDGH GD WUDPLWDomR e GLItFLO FRQFLOLDU HVVHV GRLV

SULQFtSLRVDQWDJ{QLFRVFHOHULGDGH[VHJXUDQoD

$ GHPDQGD SRU WUDQVSDUrQFLD H SRU FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO

H[LJHXPD-XVWLoDGHTXDOLGDGH(VWDGHYHVHUEXVFDGDQmR

DSHQDV FRP XPD RX GXDV Do}HV PDV VLP FRP P~OWLSODV

LQLFLDWLYDV TXH SDVVDP SHOD EXVFD GH XPD JHVWmR PDLV

HILFLHQWH FRP R DSURYHLWDPHQWR UDFLRQDO GRV UHFXUVRV D

FDSDFLWDomRGRVPDJLVWUDGRVHVHUYLGRUHVHDUDFLRQDOL]DomR

GH SURFHGLPHQWRV SRU DYDQoRV QD LQIRUPDWL]DomR GR

SURFHVVRGHDFRUGRFRPRVSURFHGLPHQWRVSUHYLVWRVQD/HL

 SHOD UHIRUPD SURFHVVXDO H SRU WDQWDV RXWUDV

PHGLGDV





2PLQLVWURSUHVLGHQWHGR67-FRQVLGHUDTXHR-XGLFLiULR

QmR GHYH DWXDU Vy QD OXWD SHOD FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO PDV HP FRQMXQWR

FRP³WRGRVRVSDUWtFLSHVGDDWLYLGDGHMXGLFLDO´HPSUROGH³XPD-XVWLoDGH

TXDOLGDGH HIHWLYD H HP WHPSR UD]RiYHO´ GH IRUPD TXH PHVPR VHP D

DGRomR GH PHGLGDV OHJDLV p SRVVtYHO R DSULPRUDPHQWR GD DWLYLGDGH

MXGLFLiULD SRU GLYHUVRV PHLRV FRPR D PHOKRULD GR WUHLQDPHQWR H GD

444

ROCHA, Cesar Asfor. Justiça de qualidade. Folha de São Paulo. São Paulo, 06 set. 2008. Opinião, p. A3.

161

IRUPDomR GRV GLYHUVRV DWRUHV SURFHVVXDLV DSHUIHLoRDPHQWR GD JHVWmR

DGPLQLVWUDWLYDLQFUHPHQWRGDXWLOL]DomRGDLQIRUPiWLFDHWF

3DUD /XL] *XLOKHUPH 0DULQRQL R GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO j

GXUDomR UD]RiYHO GR SURFHVVR LQFLGH LQGLVWLQWDPHQWH VREUH WRGRV RV

3RGHUHVGD5HS~EOLFDHVSHFLDOPHQWHVREUHR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRRTXDOUHVWD

REULJDGRD



>@ RUJDQL]DU DGHTXDGDPHQWH D GLVWULEXLomR GD MXVWLoD D

HTXLSDU GH PRGR HIHWLYR RV yUJmRV MXGLFLiULRV D

FRPSUHHQGHUHDDGRWDUDVWpFQLFDVLGHDOL]DGDVSDUDSHUPLWLU

DWHPSHVWLYLGDGHGDWXWHODMXULVGLFLRQDODOpPGHQmRSRGHU

SUDWLFDU DWRV RPLVVLYRV H FRPLVVLYRV TXH UHWDUGHP R

SURFHVVRGHPDQHLUDLQMXVWLILFDGD





3RURXWURODGRWDPEpPKiXPDIRUWHUHODomRHQWUHDV

OHLVSURFHVVXDLVTXHLQVWLWXHPSURFHGLPHQWRVPDLVFpOHUHVHHIHWLYRVFRP

R SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD GXUDomR UD]RiYHO GR SURFHVVR VHQGR FHUWR

TXH R /HJLVODGRU p REULJDGR D HIHWLYDPHQWH EDL[DU OHJLVODomR VREUH R

DVVXQWR VRE SHQD GH LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH SRU RPLVVmR DVVLP FRPR D

UHYRJDU RV HQWUDYHV OHJLVODWLYRV TXH LPSHGHP R UiSLGR DQGDPHQWR GRV

IHLWRV

1R FDVR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV Ki SUHYLVmR H[SUHVVD

GD&RQVWLWXLomRQRTXHVHUHIHUHjVXDLQVWDODomRTXHpREULJDWyULDSRLVD

/HL0DLRUXWLOL]DVHDRVHUHIHULUDRVMXL]DGRVGRYHUER³FULDUmR´QRFDSXW

GRDUWRTXHPRVWUDD YRQWDGHFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGDLQVWLWXLomRGHXPD

-XVWLoDVLPSOHVHHIHWLYD

1RTXHSHUWLQHjHIHWLYDFULDomRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

QmR VH SRGH PDLV IDODU HP RPLVVmR GR /HJLVODGRU SRLV D PDWpULD IRL

UHJXODPHQWDGDGHIRUPDDSURSULDGDHPGXDVOHLVFRQIRUPHDQWHVUHIHULGR

QHVVDGLVVHUWDomRTXDLVVHMDPD/HLQHD/HLDV

TXDLVWURX[HUDPLQRYDo}HVFRQVLVWHQWHVSDUDRSURFHVVRFLYLOGLUHFLRQDGDV

j XPD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO PDLV FpOHUH H TXH URPSHUDP FRP

SDUDGLJPDV WUDGLFLRQDLV IRUPDOLVWDV H EXURFUiWLFRV GR SURFHVVR FLYLO

445

MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Teoria Geral do Processo. vol. 1, 2. ed., São Paulo: RT, 2007, p. 225.

162

WUDGLFLRQDOHVSHFLDOPHQWHQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRj-XULVGLomR)HGHUDOTXHIRL

IRUWHPHQWHLQIOXHQFLDGDSHOD/HLQ

$OpP GDV FLWDGDV OHLV YDOH UHJLVWUDU TXH D OHL GD

LQIRUPDWL]DomR GR SURFHVVR MXGLFLDO D /HL )HGHUDO Q 

WDPEpP WURX[H HQRUPHV DYDQoRV SDUD D FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO SRLV

FRQILUPRX QR GLUHLWR SRVLWLYR DOJXPDV SUiWLFDV MXGLFLDLV Mi HP XVR QD

pSRFDQRkPELWRSRUH[HPSORGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVQRVHQWLGR

GDUHDOL]DomRGHDWRVSURFHVVXDLVHLQWLPDo}HVSRUPHLRHOHWU{QLFR

1D YHUGDGH QmR H[LVWHP ³UHFHLWDV XQLYHUVDOPHQWH

YiOLGDV´



SDUDDREWHQomRGHXPPDLRUJUDXGHFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOH

GD SUySULD HILFLrQFLD GD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO FRPR XP WRGR LVWR p

WDPEpP FRQVLGHUDQGRVH R DVSHFWR TXDOLWDWLYR GDV GHFLV}HV TXH QmR

QHFHVVLWDP VHU WmRVRPHQWH FpOHUHV PDV WDPEpP MXVWDV H UD]RiYHLV

SRLV FRP HIHLWR R DFHVVR j -XVWLoD GHYH LPSOLFDU QXP UHVXOWDGR

PDWHULDOPHQWHMXVWR



HQmRDSHQDVH[SHGLWR

'HYHVHFRQFRUGDUSRUWDQWRFRP+XPEHUWR7KHRGRUR

-~QLRU TXDQGR DILUPD TXH R ³DSULPRUDPHQWR GD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO

QmRDFRQWHFHUiVRPHQWHHPYLUWXGHGHPRGLILFDo}HVSURFHGLPHQWDLVQHP

WDPSRXFRGRVLPSOHVFUHVFLPHQWRQXPpULFRGRVMXt]HVGLVSRQtYHLV´VHQGR

TXHpSHUWLQHQWHDSUHRFXSDomRFRPD³UHIRUPDVLPXOWkQHDRXVXFHVVLYD

GRVDJHQWHVTXHLUmRRSHUDUDVQRUPDVUHQRYDGDV´





$OpP GDV DOWHUDo}HV OHJLVODWLYDV R URPSLPHQWR GH

SDUDGLJPDVFXOWXUDLVEXURFUiWLFRV H IRUPDOLVWDVDUUDLJDGRV QDDWLYLGDGH

GR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR p PHGLGD GH H[WUHPD LPSRUWkQFLD QD OXWD SHOD

HIHWLYLGDGHFHOHULGDGH GR SURFHVVR FRPR EHP H[S}H )UDQFLVFR *ODXEHU

3HVVRD$OYHV



446

MOREIRA, José Carlos Barbosa. O desafio da celeridade na prestação jurisdicional. Revista da Escola de

Magistratura do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, v. 9, n. 36, 2006, p. 80.

447

Sobre o tema da “justiça das decisões” como parte integrante do direito ao acesso à Justiça, cf. CINTRA,

Antônio Carlos de Araújo; GRINOVER, Ada Pellegrini; DIMAMARCO, Cândido Rangel. Teoria Geral do

Processo. 23. ed. Malheiros: São Paulo, 2007, p. 40-41.

448

THEODORO JÚNIOR, Humberto. Celeridade e efetividade da prestação jurisdicional: insuficiência da

reforma das leis processuais. Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 30, n. 125, jul. 2005, p. 70.

163

1R HQWDQWR R SOXV GD HTXDomR p FRPR WXGR QD DWLYLGDGH

KXPDQDDYRQWDGHGHGDUYD]mRDLVVRFRPRYDORU(ODpD

SUHPLVVD REULJDWyULD HP WRGD HVVD EXVFD (VVHQFLDO TXH VH

IRUPH XPD FXOWXUD MXUtGLFD GH SUHVWtJLR j UDSLGH] HP

GHWULPHQWRGHH[SHGLHQWHVFXOWXUDOPHQWH DUUDLJDGRVTXHVH

FRQVWLWXDPQXPHQWUDYHDHVVDQHFHVViULDHPSUHVD





1DYHUGDGHRSUREOHPDGDPRURVLGDGHSURFHVVXDOpGH

QDWXUH]D FRPSOH[D H PXOWLIDFHWDGD H HQYROYH GLYHUVRV PHLRV SDUD VXD

VROXomRTXHSDVVDPSHODUHIRUPDGDVOHLVSURFHVVXDLVSHODPXGDQoDGH

PHQWDOLGDGHGRVRSHUDGRUHVSHODXWLOL]DomRQRSURFHVVRGHLQVWUXPHQWRV

WHFQROyJLFRV HOHWU{QLFRV GLVSRQtYHLV QD PRGHUQLGDGH SHOD PHOKRU

HVWUXWXUDomRItVLFDHSHVVRDOGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRHWDPEpPSHODDGRomRGH

PRGHUQDV SRVWXUDV JHUHQFLDLV GD PiTXLQD S~EOLFD QR UHIHULGR 3RGHU

HWF





3RU RXWUR ODGR DLQGD TXH R SULQFtSLR GD UD]RiYHO

GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR WHQKD KRMH DFROKLGD H[SUHVVD H HVSHFtILFD QR WH[WR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHOHWDPEpPHVWiLQVHULGRGHQWURGDQRUPDWLYLGDGHGHRXWUR

SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GH JUDQGH LPSRUWkQFLD RX VHMD D SDUWLU GD

DEUDQJrQFLD QRUPDWLYD GR SULQFtSLR GD LQDIDVWDELOLGDGH GD MXULVGLomR

WDPEpP FKDPDGR GH GLUHLWR DR DPSOR DFHVVR j -XVWLoDSUHYLVWR QR DUW

;;;9GD/HL0DLRU



GHIRUPDTXHVyVHSRGHIDODUHPDPSORDFHVVR

j-XVWLoDVHWDODFHVVRRFRUUHUGHIRUPDFpOHUHVHPGLODo}HVLQGHYLGDVH

GHQWURGHXPSUD]RUD]RiYHO([LVWHXPDHYLGHQWHLQWHUGHSHQGrQFLDHQWUH

RGLUHLWR DR DFHVVRj -XVWLoD H R GLUHLWR j UiSLGD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO

VHQGRTXHQRQRVVRHQWHQGLPHQWRRGLUHLWRjFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOSRGH

SHUIHLWDPHQWH VHU HQTXDGUDGR FRPR XPD IDFHWD GR SULQFtSLR GD

LQDIDVWDELOLGDGH GR DFHVVR j -XVWLoD GHVGH TXH VH FRQVLGHUH HVWH HP

449

ALVES, Francisco Glauber Pessoa. A efetividade como axiologia: premissa obrigatória para um processo

célere. In: FUZ, Luiz; NERY Jr., Nelson; WAMBIER, Teresa Arruda Alvim (coords.). Processo e Constituição:

estudos em homenagem ao professor José Carlos Barbosa Moreira. São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 146-152, p. 152.

450

Alguns doutrinadores referem-se à necessidade de alterações legislativas e avanços no funcionamento

administrativo dos tribunais em geral. Cf., entre outros, ZARIF, Cláudio Cintra. Da necessidade de repensar o

processo para que ele seja realmente efetivo. In: FUZ, Luiz; NERY Jr., Nelson; WAMBIER, Teresa Arruda

Alvim (coords.). Processo e Constituição: estudos em homenagem ao professor José Carlos Barbosa Moreira.

São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 139-145, p. 145.

451

DANTAS, Frederico Wildson da Silva. O princípio constitucional da inafastabilidade: estudo com enfoque no

ativismo judicial. Revista da Escola da Magistratura Federal de Pernambuco, Recife: TRF da 5ª Região, n. 17,

mar/2008, p. 99.

164

VHQWLGR DPSOR H QmR FRPR R VLPSOHV GH GLUHLWR GH DFLRQDU R -XGLFLiULR

VHPFRQVLGHUDo}HVFRPDHIHWLYDHDGHTXDGDWXWHODMXULVGLFLRQDO

2SULQFtSLRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGRDFHVVRj-XVWLoDDEUDQJHD

³QRomRDPSODGRDFHVVRjRUGHPMXUtGLFDMXVWD´TXHFRPSUHHQGHGLYHUVRV

GLUHLWRV SURFHVVXDLV LQFOXLQGRVH R GLUHLWR j WXWHOD MXULVGLFLRQDO ³HIHWLYD

FpOHUHHDGHTXDGD´





3RGHVH LJXDOPHQWH LQVHULU R GLUHLWR j GXUDomR

UD]RiYHO GR SURFHVVR GHQWUR GR FDPSR QRUPDWLYR GR GHYLGR SURFHVVR

OHJDO



 HQWHQGLGR HVWH FRPR ³EDVH GH VXVWHQWDomR GRV SULQFtSLRV

SURFHVVXDLV GD &RQVWLWXLomR RV TXDLV HP ~OWLPD DQiOLVH SRGHP VHU

UHFRQGX]LGRV j QRomR GH SURFHVVR MXVWR H GH WXWHOD MXULVGLFLRQDO

DGHTXDGD´



3DUFHODGDGRXWULQDDQWHVPHVPR GRDGYHQWRGD(PHQGD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO Q  FRQVLGHUDYD FRP UD]mR TXH R SULQFtSLR GD

FHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOFRPRJDUDQWLDGD&RQVWLWXLomRSRGLDVHUGHULYDGRGD

FOiXVXOD GR GHYLGR SURFHVVR OHJDO



 SRLV D QRomR GH SURFHVVR MXVWR H

DGHTXDGRQmRVHFRPSDWLELOL]DFRPXPDGHPRUDH[FHVVLYDQRWHPSRGH

WUDPLWDomRGRVSURFHVVRV





&RPHIHLWRQRGL]HUGH&OiXGLR&LQWUD=DULI



1HVVDVHDUDHPTXHSHVHQRVVRHQWHQGLPHQWRMiHVSRVDGR

QRVHQWLGRGHTXHDVLPSOHVH[LVWrQFLDGDFOiXVXODGRGHYLGR

SURFHVVR OHJDO Mi p SRUVLVy VXILFLHQWH D SRGHUPRVDILUPDU

TXH Mi HVWDYD LPSOtFLWR HP QRVVD &RQVWLWXLomR )HGHUDO D

REULJDomR GH TXH R SURFHVVR GHYHULD VHU UHVROYLGR FRP D

PDLRUEUHYLGDGHSRVVtYHO





452

CAMBI, Eduardo. Neoconstitucionalismo e neoprocessualismo. In: FUZ, Luiz; NERY Jr., Nelson;

WAMBIER, Teresa Arruda Alvim (coords.). Processo e Constituição: estudos em homenagem ao professor José

Carlos Barbosa Moreira. São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 662-683, p. 674.

453

Cf. CINTRA, Antônio Carlos de Araújo; GRINOVER, Ada Pellegrini; DIMAMARCO, Cândido Rangel.

Teoria Geral do Processo. 23. ed. Malheiros: São Paulo, 2007, p. 93.

454

DANTAS, Frederico Wildson da Silva. O princípio constitucional da inafastabilidade: estudo com enfoque no

ativismo judicial. Revista da Escola da Magistratura Federal de Pernambuco, Recife: TRF da 5ª Região, n. 17,

p. 83-113, mar. 2008, p. 97.

455

Trata-se de posição de vários doutrinadores, conforme estudo de: ZARIF, Cláudio Cintra. Da necessidade de

repensar o processo para que ele seja realmente efetivo. In: FUZ, Luiz; NERY Jr., Nelson; WAMBIER, Teresa

Arruda Alvim (coords.). Processo e Constituição: estudos em homenagem ao professor José Carlos Barbosa

Moreira. São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 139-145, p. 143.

456

BARRUFFINI, Frederico Liserre. Possibilidade de efetivação do direito à razoável duração do processo.

Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 31, n. 139, p. 265-279, set. 2006, p. 268.

457

ZARIF, Cláudio Cintra. Op. cit., p. 143.

165

(QWUHWDQWR QR SODQR GRJPiWLFR SiWULR D UHIHUrQFLD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDODWXDOGDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDOpVHPG~YLGDRQRYHOLQFLVR

/9;;,,,GRDUWGD&DUWD3ROtWLFDGHLQFOXtGRSHOD(&Q

GHIRUPDTXHQmRpPDLVQHFHVViULR±DLQGDTXHWDOIRVVHMXULGLFDPHQWH

SRVVtYHO ± LQIHULU R GLUHLWR j FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO GLUHWDPHQWH GRV

SULQFtSLRVGRDFHVVRj-XVWLoDHRXGRGHYLGRSURFHVVROHJDOQRUPDVHVVDV

LQVHUWDV QR FRQFHLWR DPSOR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV QD PRGDOLGDGH

JDUDQWLDIXQGDPHQWDO





4XHVWmR LQWHUHVVDQWH GL] UHVSHLWR j SRVVLELOLGDGH GD

QRUPDHPHVWXGRSURGX]LUHIHLWRVLPHGLDWRVRXVHMDVHSUHVHQWHRXQmR

XPD DXWRDSOLFDELOLGDGH GR LQFLVR /;;9,,, GR  6REUH D HILFiFLD GD

UHIHULGDQRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOHPSULQFtSLRQmRVHGHYHFRQFRUGDUFRPDV

SRVLo}HV GRXWULQiULDV TXH D FRQVLGHUDP FRPR PHUD ³SURPHVVD´

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO´





'HIDWRRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQRGHFDUiWHUSyV

SRVLWLYLVWD UHMHLWD D LGpLD GH QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV FRP SRXFD IRUoD

YLQFXODQWHUHDILUPDQGRDQHFHVVLGDGHGHFRQIHULUPDLRUHILFiFLDDRWH[WR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO R TXH VH DPROGD SHUIHLWDPHQWH j UHDOLGDGH FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

EUDVLOHLUDQRTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjGRJPiWLFDGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVTXH

³HVWmR YLYHQGR R VHX PHOKRUPRPHQWR QD KLVWyULDGR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

SiWULR´



 DR PHQRV QR TXH VH UHIHUH j SRVVLELOLGDGH GH FRQFUHWL]DomR

PDLVHIHWLYDDLQGDTXHWDOVHGrGHIRUPDJUDGXDO

3RU LVVR p TXH JR]D GH H[WUHPR SUHVWtJLR QD GRXWULQD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOQDFLRQDORFRQFHLWRGHIRUoDQRUPDWLYDGD&RQVWLWXLomRQD

PHGLGDHPTXHHVWD³QmRpDSHQDVXPDFDUWDGHLQWHQo}HVSROtWLFDVPDV

458

É bastante conhecida a tradicional divisão dos direitos fundamentais em direitos fundamentais propriamente

ditos e em garantias fundamentais, no sentido de que as garantias são instrumentais e visam assegurar os bens

jurídicos protegidos essenciais pelos direitos fundamentais. Cf. SANTOS. Gustavo Ferreira. Direitos

fundamentais e pré-condições da democracia. Revista da Escola da Magistratura Federal do TRF da 5ª Região.

Recife: TRF da 5ª Região, n. 15, p. 151-157, ago. 2007, p. 152.

459

No mesmo sentido, conferir a posição de: BARRUFFINI, Frederico Liserre. Possibilidade de efetivação do

direito à razoável duração do processo. Revista de Processo. São Paulo, ano 31, n. 139, p. 265-279, set. 2006, p.

269.

460

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 82.

166

TXHHVWiGRWDGDGHFDUiWHUMXUtGLFRLPSHUDWLYR´



(QRSODQRGRGLUHLWR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO SRVLWLYR SiWULR WDO FRQVWDWDomR GRXWULQiULD p SOHQDPHQWH

UHIRUoDGDSHODQRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGRDUWGD&)FRPRQRV

HQVLQD,QJR:6DUOHW



3RU HVWDV UD]}HV Ki FRPR VXVWHQWDU D H[HPSOR GR TXH

RFRUULGRQDGRXWULQDDDSOLFDELOLGDGHLPHGLDWDSRUIRUoDGR

DUW    GH QRVVD /HL )XQGDPHQWDO GH WRGRV RV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV FRQVWDQWHV GR &DWiORJR DUWV  D

 EHP FRPR GRV ORFDOL]DGRV HP RXWUDV SDUWHV GR WH[WR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOHQRVWUDWDGRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV





(QWHQGHVH FRPR 6DUOHW TXH p SOHQDPHQWH SRVVtYHO

UHIHULUVH D XPD ³SUHVXQomR HP IDYRU GD DSOLFDELOLGDGH LPHGLDWD H GD

SOHQLWXGH HILFDFLDO GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV´



 VHP SUHMXt]R GR

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR GR IDWR GH TXH FHUWDV QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV JR]DP GH

EDL[D GHQVLGDGH QRUPDWLYD H jV YH]HV QHFHVVLWDP GH LQWHJUDomR

OHJLVODWLYD SDUD VXD FRPSOHWD DSOLFDomR 7RGDYLD QmR H[LVWH QRUPD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOPHUDPHQWHSURJUDPiWLFD



GHVWLWXtGDGH WRGRH TXDOTXHU

HIHLWR MXUtGLFR VHPSUH VHQGR SRVVtYHO H[WUDLU GH QRUPDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV

DEHUWDV RX SUHGRPLQDQWHPHQWH SULQFLSLROyJLFDV DOJXP WLSR GH HILFiFLD

MXUtGLFD

1RTXHGL]UHVSHLWRjQRUPDFRQVWLWXFLRQDOVREDQiOLVH

³$UW  /;;9,,,  D WRGRV QR kPELWR MXGLFLDO H DGPLQLVWUDWLYR VmR

DVVHJXUDGRVDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVRHRVPHLRVTXHJDUDQWDPD

FHOHULGDGH GH VXD WUDPLWDomR´ SRGHVH FRQFOXLU TXH VH WUDWD GH QRUPD

GRWDGDGHHILFiFLDLPHGLDWDDLQGDTXHDVXDIRUPXODomRWDPEpPLQGLTXH

XPD UD]RiYHO DEHUWXUD VHPkQWLFD TXH SRVVLELOLWD D LQWHUYHQomR GR

OHJLVODGRURUGLQiULRSDUDXPDPHOKRUFRQILJXUDomRGRGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDO

461

CAMBI, Eduardo. Neoconstitucionalismo e neoprocessualismo. In: FUZ, Luiz; NERY Jr., Nelson;

WAMBIER, Teresa Arruda Alvim (coords.). Processo e Constituição: estudos em homenagem ao professor José

Carlos Barbosa Moreira. São Paulo: RT, 2006, p. 662-683, p. 664.

462

SARLET, Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado,

2007, p. 275-276.

463

Ibidem, p. 289.

464

Ibidem, p. 279.

167

WHQGR HP YLVWD DV GLYHUVDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH DSOLFDomR GD QRUPD GH

DFRUGRFRPFLUFXQVWkQFLDVIiWLFDVDVPDLVYDULDGDVSRVVtYHLV

1HVVH VHQWLGR D QRUPD FLWDGD LPS}H WDUHIDV DR

OHJLVODGRU REULJDQGRR D OHJLVODU



 R TXH OKH Gi FHUWR FDUiWHU

SURJUDPiWLFR PDV SRU RXWUR ODGR GHL[DVH SHUPLWLU VHU XWLOL]DGD

GLUHWDPHQWH SHOD $GPLQLVWUDomR 3~EOLFD RX SHOR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR QD

LQWHUSUHWDomRGHWH[WRVOHJDLVHPIDYRUGDVROXomRTXHPHOKRUVHDMXVWH

DRSULQFtSLRGDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

2XWUR PRGR GH VHU GD HILFiFLD LPHGLDWD GR GLUHLWR DR

SURFHVVRFpOHUHGiVHFRPDSRVVLELOLGDGHGDQRUPDVHUYLUGHIXQGDPHQWR

SDUDDGHFUHWDomRGDLQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHGHQRUPDOHJDOTXHLPSOLTXHQR

DWUDVRLQMXVWLILFDGRGRSURFHVVRRXQDKLSyWHVHGHDILUPDomRSHOR3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR GD LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGH GHRPLVVmR GR OHJLVODGRUQR FDVR GH

DXVrQFLDGHFULDomRGHQRUPDVRXHVWUXWXUDVPDWHULDLVHKXPDQDVDSWDV

SDUDSURSRUFLRQDUDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

1HVVH VHQWLGR /XL] *XLOKHUPH 0DULQRQL PHQFLRQD R

GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO j HIHWLYLGDGH GR SURFHVVR HQWHQGLGR HP WHUPRV

DPSORVUHODFLRQDQGRRDRVGHYHUHVGHSURWHomRGR(VWDGRRVTXDLVQmR

VHULDPDSHQDVH[LJtYHLVGR/HJLVODGRUPDVWDPEpPGR(VWDGR-XL]



2X VHMD Ki GLUHLWR GHYLGRSHOR (VWDGROHJLVODGRU j HGLomR

GH GLUHLWR PDWHULDO GH SURWHomR DVVLP FRPR QRUPDV GH

GLUHLWR LQVWLWXLGRUDV GH WpFQLFDV SURFHVVXDLV FDSD]HV GH

SURSLFLDUHIHWLYDSURWHomR0DVR(VWDGRMXL]WDPEpPSRVVXL

GHYHUGHSURWHomRTXHUHDOL]DQRPRPHQWRHPTXHSURIHUH

DVXDGHFLVmRDUHVSHLWRGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV





'HYHRMXL]SRUWDQWR³VHFRPSRUWDUGHDFRUGRFRPR

GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO j HIHWLYLGDGH GD WXWHOD MXULVGLFLRQDO´



 RX VHMD

WRPDQGRGHFLV}HVMXGLFLDLVFRPEDVH HP LQWHUSUHWDo}HVSHUPLWLGDVSHODV

JDUDQWLDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVGRDPSORDFHVVRj-XVWLoDHHVSHFLDOPHQWHGD

UD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVR1DVSDODYUDVGH0DULQRQL

465

Ibidem, p. 279.

466

MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Técnica Processual e Tutela dos Direitos. São Paulo: RT, 2004, p. 187.

467

Ibidem, p. 189.

168

3RUWDOUD]mRRMXL]WHPRGHYHUGHLQWHUSUHWDUDOHJLVODomRj

OX] GR GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO j WXWHOD MXULVGLFLRQDO HVWDQGR

REULJDGR D H[WUDLU GD UHJUD SURFHVVXDO VHPSUH FRP D

ILQDOLGDGHGHHIHWLYDPHQWHWXWHODURVGLUHLWRVDVXDPi[LPD

SRWHQFLDOLGDGHGHVGH±HLVVRQHPSUHFLVDULDVHUGLWR±TXH

QmRVHMDYLRODGRRGLUHLWRGHGHIHVD





3RU RXWUR ODGR R GHYHU GH SURWHomR GR GLUHLWR j

FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO WDPEpP VH HVWHQGH DR (VWDGRMXL] HQTXDQWR

DGPLQLVWUDGRU S~EOLFR LVWR p DQWHV PHVPR GD DWXDomR GLWD MXGLFLDO

SURSULDPHQWHGLWDeTXHWDPEpPFRPSHWHDR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRVHJXLURV

PDQGDPHQWRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV TXH LQIRUPDP D $GPLQLVWUDomR 3~EOLFD

QRWDGDPHQWH RSULQFtSLR GD HILFLrQFLD DGPLQLVWUDWLYDLQVFULWR QR DUW 

FDSXWGD&RQVWLWXLomRGH

&RPR FRQVHTrQFLD GHVVH GHYHU GHYH R 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR DGRWDU PRGHUQDV WpFQLFDV GH JHVWmR YLVDQGR j RWLPL]DomR GRV

UHFXUVRVS~EOLFRVGLUHFLRQDGRVjSUHVWDomRMXULVGLFLRQDOHWDPEpPID]HUDV

HVFROKDVUD]RiYHLVTXDQWR j DORFDomRGHMXt]HVHVHUYLGRUHVSURFXUDQGR

DWHQGHUDVYDUDVQDVTXDLVDGHPDQGDMXULVGLFLRQDOpPDLVLQWHQVD

1RWDVH FODUDPHQWH SRUWDQWR QDV KLSyWHVHV FLWDGDV

TXHRDUW/;;9,,,GD&DUWD3ROtWLFDGHDSUHVHQWDWtSLFRFDUiWHU

GHQRUPDGRWDGDGHHILFiFLDLPHGLDWDSRLVSHUPLWHTXHGHODVHH[WUDLDP

FRQWH~GRV REULJDFLRQDLV LPSRVLWLYRV DR (VWDGR LQGHSHQGHQWHPHQWH

PHVPRGDLQWHUYHQomRGROHJLVODGRUFRPRQRFDVRGRVGHYHUHVGRMXL]QD

LQWHUSUHWDomR UD]RiYHO GRV WH[WRV OHJDLV HP SURO GD HIHWLYLGDGH GR

SURFHVVR H WDPEpP QR TXH VH UHIHUH jV REULJDo}HV DGPLQLVWUDWLYDV GR

3RGHU-XGLFLiULR

7DPEpP p SRVVtYHO GHIHQGHU TXH D QRUPD

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR GLUHLWR j UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR VLUYD FRPR

IXQGDPHQWR SDUD D SURODomR GH VHQWHQoD FRQGHQDWyULD FRQWUD R (VWDGR

SDUD GHWHUPLQDU R SDJDPHQWR GH LQGHQL]DomR SRU SHUGDV H GDQRV

FRQIRUPHH[SOLFLWDGRDQWHULRUPHQWHQHVWHWySLFR

468

Ibidem, p. 189.

169

2 TXH QmR SRGH FRQVLGHUDU HP QHQKXPD KLSyWHVH p

WUDWDU D QRUPD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GR DUW  /;;9,,, FRPR VLPSOHV QRUPD

SURJUDPiWLFDGHVWLWXtGDGHTXDOTXHUHIHLWRMXUtGLFR



 2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV

FtYHLV



$OJXQVLPSRUWDQWHVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVHVWmR

FRQHFWDGRV GLUHWDPHQWH DRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV FtYHLV FRPR RV

VmR RV GLUHLWRV SUHYLGHQFLiULRV RV GLUHLWRV GH DVVLVWrQFLD VRFLDO H RV

GLUHLWRVGRKRPHPWUDEDOKDGRUDSOLFDGRVDRVVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRVIHGHUDLV

'HVQHFHVViULR DWp PHVPR UHDILUPDU TXH WDLV GLUHLWRV

DSUHVHQWDPFDUiWHUGHGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVWHQGRHPYLVWDDH[SUHVVmR

SUHYLVmRQRURODUWFDSXWHLQFLVRVGD&RQVWLWXLomRGHFRPRMi

DQDOLVDGRDQWHULRUPHQWH

1R TXH SHUWLQH DRV GLUHLWRV SUHYLGHQFLiULRV H

DVVLVWHQFLDLV D FRPSHWrQFLD SURFHVVXDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV

FtYHLV GHFRUUH WHQGR HP YLVWD TXH FRPSHWH D XPD DXWDUTXLD IHGHUDO R

,QVWLWXWR 1DFLRQDO GH 6HJXUR 6RFLDO ± ,166



 D RSHUDFLRQDOL]DomR H

SDJDPHQWR GRV EHQHItFLRV SHFXQLiULRV GHYLGRV SHOD 3UHYLGrQFLD 6RFLDO H

SHOD$VVLVWrQFLD6RFLDORTXHDWUDLDFRPSHWrQFLDGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDOSRU

IRUoDGDQRUPDGRDUW,GD&RQVWLWXLomRGH

$/HL)HGHUDOQGLVFLSOLQDTXDLVRVEHQHItFLRV

SUHYLGHQFLiULRV VXSRUWDGRV SHOR (VWDGR SRU PHLR GR 5HJLPH *HUDO GH

3UHYLGrQFLD 6RFLDO SUHYHQGR D FRQFHVVmR GH DSRVHQWDGRULDV GLYHUVDV

LGDGH WHPSR GH FRQWULEXLomR LQYDOLGH] HVSHFLDO SHQVmR SRU PRUWH

DX[tOLRGRHQoDVDOiULRPDWHUQLGDGHVDOiULRIDPtOLDDX[tOLRUHFOXVmRHWF

QRVWHUPRVGRUHJUDPHQWRGRDUWGDFLWDGDQRUPDOHJDO

-iD/HLQUHJXODPHQWDD$VVLVWrQFLD6RFLDO

UDPR GD 6HJXULGDGH 6RFLDO TXH QmR H[LJH FRQWULEXLomR GRV SDUWLFXODUHV

469

Trata-se de autarquia criada pelo Decreto n° 99.350, de 27 de junho de 1990, mediante a fusão do IAPAS

com o INPS.

170

SUHYHQGRRVHXDUWRGLUHLWRDRSDJDPHQWRGHXPEHQHItFLRSHFXQLiULR

PHQVDO GH FDUiWHU DVVLVWHQFLDO QR YDORU GH XP VDOiULR PtQLPR SDUD RV

LGRVRV H RV GHILFLHQWHV FRQVLGHUDGRV SREUHV 7DPEpP VH WUDWD GH

SUHVWDomRSHFXQLiULDFRPIXQGDPHQWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOMiTXHRDUW9

GD&DUWD3ROtWLFDSUHYrGHIRUPDH[SUHVVDHVVHEHQHItFLR

2V GLUHLWRV VDODULDLV GRV VHUYLGRUHV S~EOLFRV IHGHUDLV

DWLYRVHLQDWLYRVWDPEpPSRGHPVHUGHPDQGDGRVQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLVFtYHLVQRWDGDPHQWHQRFDVRGHRPLVVmRGR(VWDGRGHSDJDPHQWR

GHYHUEDVUHPXQHUDWyULDVRXSDJDPHQWRLQFRUUHWRDPHQRU

&RPR R QRVVR SDtV VH FRQVWLWXL GH XPD IHGHUDomR

³IUDFD´ RX VHMD IRUWHPHQWH FHQWUDOL]DGD QD 8QLmR H VHP XPD

GHVFHQWUDOL]DomR PDLV DEUDQJHQWH SDUDRV (VWDGRVPHPEURV REVHUYDVH

XPD JUDQGH HVWUXWXUD DGPLQLVWUDWLYD GR SRGHU FHQWUDO H FRP LVVR XP

JUDQGH Q~PHUR GH VHUYLGRUHV IHGHUDLV GDV PDLV YDULDGDV FDWHJRULDV H

QtYHLV$VVLPWDPEpPVmREDVWDQWHFRPXQVDo}HVMXGLFLDLVSURSRVWDVSRU

VHUYLGRUHV FRQWUD yUJmRV IHGHUDLV YLVDQGR DR SDJDPHQWR FRUUHWR GH

GLUHLWRVUHPXQHUDWyULRVQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

7RGDYLD FRPR PRVWUDP DV HVWDWtVWLFDV DGLDQWH

UHODWDGDV D JUDQGH PDLRULD GRV SURFHVVRV FRP RUGHQV GH SDJDPHQWR

H[SHGLGDV QRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV GL] UHVSHLWR DRV EHQHItFLRV

SUHYLGHQFLiULRV RX DVVLVWHQFLDLV R TXH VH H[SOLFD SHOR IDWR GH TXH D

LPHQVDGHVLJXDOGDGHVRFLDOHGHUHQGDTXHSHUGXUDQRQRVVRSDtVDFDED

FULDQGR XP DPELHQWH IDYRUiYHO SDUD D FRQFHVVmR GH EHQHItFLRV GHVVD

QDWXUH]D SHOR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR H[DWDPHQWH HP IXQomR GD SUySULD

ILQDOLGDGHLJXDODGRUDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

3RU RXWUR ODGR FRPR D FRPSHWrQFLD GRV MXL]DGRV

IHGHUDLVFtYHLVGHOLQHDGDSHORDUWGD/HLQpOLPLWDGDjV

FDXVDV FRP YDORU GH DWp  VDOiULRV PtQLPRV H RV EHQHItFLRV

SUHYLGHQFLiULRV H DVVLVWHQFLDLV SOHLWHDGRV VmR HP UHJUD GH EDL[R YDORU

PXLWDV YH]HV GH YDORU HTXLYDOHQWH DR PtQLPR RFRUUHX D TXDVH TXH

FRPSOHWD WUDQVIHUrQFLD GDV FDXVDV SUHYLGHQFLiULDV H DVVLVWHQFLDLV GDV

YDUDVIHGHUDLVFRPXQVSDUDRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV

171

( RV GLUHLWRV SOHLWHDGRV QHVVHV SURFHVVRV FRQILJXUDP

WtSLFRVGLUHLWRVSUHVWDFLRQDLVGHFXQKRVRFLDO





(QWUHWDQWR FRPR Mi H[SOLFLWDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH D

GRXWULQDWHPDQRWDGRRFDUiWHULQGLYLVtYHORXLQWHUUHODFLRQDOGDVGLYHUVDV

GLPHQV}HVRXJHUDo}HVGRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVSRLVVHULDLPSRVVtYHOD

UHDOL]DomRGRVGLUHLWRVFLYLVGHGHIHVD±OLEHUDLVFOiVVLFRV±HSROtWLFRVVHP

D HIHWLYDomR GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HFRQ{PLFRV H FXOWXUDLV



 Mi TXH HVWHV

SUHSDUDPRVHUKXPDQRSDUDXPDFRQGLomRGHYLGDPDWHULDOPHQWHGLJQD

TXH OKH SHUPLWH XWLOL]DU VXD OLEHUGDGH GH IRUPD SURYHLWRVD SDUD R

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHVXDSHUVRQDOLGDGH





2X VHMD QmR FDEH IDODU HP OLEHUGDGH LQGLYLGXDO RX

PHVPRHPLJXDOGDGHMXUtGLFDIRUPDOVHPFRPSUHHQGHUTXHRSOHQRJR]R

GHVVHV GLUHLWRV EiVLFRV GHSHQGH GR LPSOHPHQWR GH XP PtQLPR GH

UHTXLVLWRV PDWHULDLV EiVLFRV SDUD D VREUHYLYrQFLD GR KRPHP H VHX

GHVHQYROYLPHQWR FRPR SHVVRD



 $VVLP WDPEpP QR TXH VH UHIHUH DRV

GLUHLWRV SROtWLFRV SRLV DSHQDV Ki SRVVLELOLGDGH GH SDUWLFLSDomR QD YLGD

SROtWLFDVHH[LVWHXPDPtQLPDFRQGLomRPDWHULDOSDUDRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR

GRLQGLYtGXRTXH OKHSHUPLWH VH PDQLIHVWDUDGHTXDGDPHQWHSRUPHLRGH

YRWRVRSLQL}HVHWF

2VGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVVmRFRQVLGHUDGRVGLUHLWRVGHVHJXQGD

JHUDomRRXGLPHQVmRFRPRSUHIHUHPDOJXQVHUHIOHWHPXPDUHDomRDR

OLEHUDOLVPREXUJXrVFDSLWDOLVWDTXHSHUPLWLXH[DJHURVHGHVLJXDOGDGHVQD

FODVVHWUDEDOKDGRUDQDpSRFDGDLQGXVWULDOL]DomRGD(XURSDQR6pFXOR;,;

470

A propósito, uma classificação razoável dos direitos fundamentais é aquela exposta pelo constitucionalista

português José Carlos Vieira de Andrade, que os divide em: direitos de defesa (de cunho liberal), direitos de

participação (políticos) e direitos prestacionais (nos quais estão incluídos os direitos sociais em geral), já exposta

antes no trabalho. Vide p. 73 e segs., nas quais a divisão dos direitos fundamentais apresenta-se mais detalhada.

471

TRINDADE, Antônio Augusto Cançado. O legado da Declaração Universal e o Futuro da Proteção

Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. In: AMARAL JR., Alberto; PERRONE-MOISÉS, Cláudia Maria (org.). O

Cinqüentenário da Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem. São Paulo: EDUSP, 1999, p. 29.

472

Grande parcela da doutrina pátria ressalta que, no plano constitucional brasileiro, a Constituição de 1988 tenta

superar o modelo tradicional de democracia formal, pela “via da constitucionalização dos direitos sociais e da

criação de instrumentos de judicialização dessas pretensões de caráter positivo”. Cf. MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira.

Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio Leite (coord.). Constituição e

Crise Política. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte, 2006, p. 464.

473

Para Peces-Barba Martínez, a “liberdade promocional” tem três dimensões: suprimento das necessidades

básicas e vitais do ser humano, de sua manutenção e de sua melhoria, as quais complementam a liberdade

clássica de não interferência. Cf. MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones de Derechos Fundamentales.

Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 140-143.

172

1HVVHVHQWLGRRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVVmREDVHDGRVQRVYDORUHVGDLJXDOGDGH

PDWHULDO H GD VROLGDULHGDGH H WrP XPD ³IXQomR HTXLOLEUDGRUD GDV

GHVLJXDOGDGHV VRFLDLV´ FRQWUiULD j ³F{PRGD LGHRORJLD LQGLYLGXDOLVWD GR

ODLVVH]IDLUH´



2(VWDGR6RFLDOHSRUWDQWRDFRQFHSomRQRUPDWLYDGRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVWHPDIXQomRGHSHUPLWLUTXHJUXSRVPHQRVSULYLOHJLDGRV

SRVVDPHIHWLYDPHQWHXWLOL]DURVGLUHLWRVIRUPDLVGLYLGLGRVLJXDOPHQWH





( HVVD LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO WDPEpP p FRQGLomR SDUD R

OLYUHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRSHVVRDO HFXOWXUDO GR KRPHP QDVRFLHGDGHTXHp

XP SUHVVXSRVWR QHFHVViULR SDUD XP PHOKRU XVXIUXWR GDV OLEHUGDGHV

SROtWLFDV



 TXH SHUPLWHP DR LQGLYtGXR SDUWLFLSDU DWLYDPHQWH H

HIHWLYDPHQWHGDVGHFLV}HVSROtWLFDVGDFRPXQLGDGHHVWDWDOTXHLQWHJUD

1R SODQR GR 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUR YDOH

UHJLVWUDUTXHD³DJHQGDVRFLDO´



HVWiLQVHULGDORJRQRFRPHoRGD&DUWD

&RQVWLWXFLRQDOGHRTXHMiPRVWUDDLPSRUWkQFLDGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

DSDUWLUGDHQDUHGHPRFUDWL]DomRGRSDtVLQFOXVLYHWHQGRHPYLVWDTXH

FRQVWDXPFDStWXORHVSHFtILFRSDUDRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVQRWH[WRGHR

TXHPRVWUDDFODUDRSomRGR&RQVWLWXLQWHGHSDUDD³VXSHUDomRGDV

GHVLJXDOGDGHVVRFLDLVHUHJLRQDLV´





5HVWD HYLGHQWH SRUWDQWR XPD FRQH[mR HQWUH RV

MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV H RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV WDLV FRPR

VD~GH SUHYLGrQFLD VRFLDO MXVWD UHPXQHUDomR GRV DSRVHQWDGRV H

VHUYLGRUHVHWFSRLVWRGRVHVVHVGLUHLWRVSRGHPVHUGHPDQGDGRVSHUDQWH

RVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

7DO DVSHFWR Mi IRL UHVVDOWDGR SHOR 0LQLVWUR *LOPDU

0HQGHV R TXDO DSRQWRX D H[LVWrQFLD GH XP ³VLJQLILFDWLYR SDSHO VRFLDO´

GHVVDQRYDLQVWLWXLomRMXGLFLiULDEUDVLOHLUDTXHGHIDWRDFDERXSRUWRUQDU

474

LUÑO, Antonio-Henrique Perez. Los derechos fundamentales. 9. ed. Madri: Editorial Tecnos, 2007, p. 183-

184.

475

HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Trad. Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São

Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001, p. 83-84.

476

Para Peces-Barba, existem três dimensões da liberdade: a de não interferência, de cunho clássico; a

promocional, de caráter social, e a de participação política. Cf. MARTÍNEZ. Gregorio Peces-Barba. Lecciones

de Derechos Fundamentales. Madri: Dykinson, 2004, p. 140-146.

477

MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira. Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Constituição e Crise Política. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte, 2006, p.465.

478

Ibidem, p. 465.

173

XPDHVSpFLHGHDJHQWHGHFLVLYRQDFRQFUHWL]DomRGHGLUHLWRVGHDVVLVWrQFLD

VRFLDOHSUHYLGHQFLiULD´





3DUD /XL] *XLOKHUPH 0DULQRQL Ki XPD YHUGDGHLUD

REULJDomR GH FULDomR GH ³yUJmRV H SURFHGLPHQWRV MXULVGLFLRQDLV

GLIHUHQFLDGRV SDUD SHUPLWLU R DFHVVR GRV HFRQRPLFDPHQWH PHQRV

IDYRUHFLGRV j MXVWLoD´



 D TXDO FRPR DQDOLVDGR DQWHULRUPHQWH HVWi

FRQHFWDGD DRV GHYHUHV GH SURWHomR GRV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV 1R TXH

WDQJH DRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV QmR p SRVVtYHO HP IDFH GR SULQFtSLR GD

GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD TXH R RUGHQDPHQWR MXUtGLFR QmR IRUPDWH ³R 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULR GH PRGR D DWHQGHU DRV PDLV SREUHV SHQD GH GHL[iORV j

PDUJHPGDOHJDOLGDGHHHQWUHJXHVjVUHODo}HVGHIRUoDRTXHFHUWDPHQWH

FRQGX]LULDDXPDSHULJRVDGHVHVWDELOL]DomRVRFLDO´





+i DVVLP XPD IRUWH FRQH[mR HQWUH RV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H D QHFHVVLGDGH GH FULDomR GH yUJmRV MXGLFLDLV

HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQFDUUHJDGRVGDHQWUHJDGDSUHVWDomRMXULVGLFLRQDOGHEHQV

GHPHQRUYDORUVHQGRTXHLQGLUHWDPHQWHWDOFRQH[mRYHPDUHIRUoDURV

SDUkPHWURV GHPRFUiWLFRV QD PHGLGD HP TXH QmR H[LVWH GHPRFUDFLD

HIHWLYD QD DXVrQFLD GH UHDLV GLUHLWRV GH SDUWLFLSDomR GH IRUPD OLYUH H

FRQVFLHQWH QD YRQWDGH GD FRPXQLGDGH SROtWLFD ( WDO SDUWLFLSDomR

IRUoRVDPHQWH GRWDGD GH OLYUH DUEtWULR H FRP HIHWLYD SRVVLELOLGDGH GH

PDQLIHVWDomR FRQVLVWHQWH Vy SRGH RFRUUHU VH D WRGRV LQGLYtGXRV GD

FROHWLYLGDGH IRU DVVHJXUDGR XP PtQLPR GH FRQGLo}HV PDWHULDLV GH

H[LVWrQFLDQRWDGDPHQWHQDVHVIHUDVGDVD~GHHGXFDomRPRUDGLDHUHQGD

PtQLPD

$OJXQV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV SRUWDQWR VmR ³SUpFRQGLo}HV´

GDGHPRFUDFLD



QDPHGLGDHPTXHDSHQDVSHVVRDVHPERDVFRQGLo}HV

GH YLGD SRGHP HVFROKHU OLYUHPHQWH VHXV JRYHUQDQWHV H FREUDU XPD

DWXDomRHVWDWDOHILFLHQWHHPGHIHVDGRVUHDLVLQWHUHVVHVFROHWLYRV

479

MENDES, Gilmar Ferreira. Integração Social e Perspectivas da Democracia. In: SAMPAIO, José Adércio

Leite (coord.). Constituição e Crise Política. Del Rey, Belo Horizonte, 2006, p. 473.

480

MARINONI, Luiz Guilherme. Técnica Processual e Tutela dos Direitos. São Paulo: RT, 2004, p. 103.

481

Ibidem, p. 103-104.

482

SANTOS. Gustavo Ferreira. Direitos fundamentais e pré-condições da democracia. Revista da Escola da

Magistratura Federal do TRF da 5ª Região. Recife: TRF da 5ª Região, n. 15, p. 151-157, ago. 2007, p. 152.

174

3RU LVVR D LPSRUWkQFLD GD FRQFUHWL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV QD FRPXQLGDGH VHQGR GH JUDQGH UHOHYkQFLD D DWXDomR GR 3RGHU

-XGLFLiULRQDFRQFUHWL]DomRGHVVHVGLUHLWRVQRFDVRGHIDOKDVRXRPLVV}HV

GRV GHPDLV SRGHUHV HVWDWDLV FRPR XP WRGR 2 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR QD

YHUGDGHQmRpR~QLFRQHPRPDLVLPSRUWDQWHFRQFUHWL]DGRUGRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVRVTXDLVGHYHUVHULPSOHPHQWDGRVSHODFRPXQLGDGH

SROtWLFD JOREDOPHQWH FRQVLGHUDGD SULQFLSDOPHQWH SHOD DWXDomR GRV

3RGHUHV/HJLVODWLYRH([HFXWLYR



'XUDomRGRVSURFHVVRVQRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLVGH5HFLIH3(

DQiOLVHGRVGDGRVHVWDWtVWLFRVRILFLDLV



$ILPGHPHOKRULOXVWUDUDUHDOLGDGHSUiWLFDGRVMXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV QR TXH SHUWLQH j FRQFUHWL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV SURFHGHXVH D XPD DQiOLVH GRV GDGRV HVWDWtVWLFRV

GRV -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV )HGHUDLV &tYHLV GH 5HFLIH3( FRP R REMHWLYR GH

DIHULUHQWUHRXWURVSDUkPHWURVRWHPSRGHWUDPLWDomRGRVSURFHVVRVTXH

HQYROYHPGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVFRPRRVGLUHLWRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVDVVLVWHQFLDLVH

VDODULDLV

$ SHVTXLVD UHVWULQJLXVH DRV SURFHVVRV GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVHPWUDPLWDomRQDFLGDGHGH5HFLIH3(WHQGRHPYLVWDD

LPSRVVLELOLGDGHSUiWLFDGHDQiOLVHGRVGDGRVGHYiULDVYDUDVIHGHUDLVEHP

FRPR SHOR IDWR GH TXH FRQIRUPH VHUi H[SOLFLWDGR DGLDQWH DSHQDV QDV

FDSLWDLVGRV(VWDGRVFRQWDVHFRPMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVDXW{QRPRV

SHOR PHQRV QR kPELWR GR 75) GD  5HJLmR WULEXQDO TXH HQJORED VHLV

(VWDGRVGD5HJLmR1RUGHVWH

&RPHIHLWRQDFDSLWDOGR(VWDGRGH3HUQDPEXFRIRUDP

LQVWDODGRV D SDUWLU GD HGLomR GD /HL Q   WUrV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV



 FRP FRPSHWrQFLD H[FOXVLYD SDUD FDXVDV FtYHLV GH

483

Os três juizados especiais federais de Recife correspondem às 14ª, 15ª e 19ª Varas Federais de Pernambuco e

estão instalados em prédio próprio, no centro da cidade de Recife-PE, de fácil acesso à população. As demais

varas federais, cíveis, criminais e de execução fiscal, encontram-se instaladas em outra localidade, mais afastada

do centro urbano.

175

PHQRU FRPSOH[LGDGH HQWHQGLGDV HVWDV FRPR DV GH YDORU LQIHULRU D 

VHVVHQWDVDOiULRVPtQLPRV

7DLV MXL]DGRV LQWHJUDP D 6HomR -XGLFLiULD GH

3HUQDPEXFR TXH SRU VXD YH] FRPS}H D MXULVGLomR GR 7ULEXQDO 5HJLRQDO

)HGHUDO GD  5HJLmR WDPEpP LQWHJUDGR SHORV (VWDGRV GH 6HUJLSH

$ODJRDV 3DUDtED 5LR *UDQGH GR 1RUWH H &HDUi 2V MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLVFtYHLVGR5HFLIHDRFRQWUiULRGHDOJXQVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

GRLQWHULRUGR(VWDGRGH3HUQDPEXFRHGHRXWURV(VWDGRVGD5HJLmRGD

-XVWLoD)HGHUDOVmRGRWDGRVGHHVWUXWXUDGHXPDYDUDIHGHUDODXW{QRPD

GH IRUPD HTXLYDOHQWH j HVWUXWXUD GDV GHPDLV YDUDV IHGHUDLV GH

FRPSHWrQFLDGLYHUVDVH[HFXomRILVFDOFULPLQDOHFtYHO

(OHV IXQFLRQDP QD SUiWLFD FRPR YDUDV SULYDWLYDV GH

SURFHVVRVFtYHLVVXEPHWLGRVDRULWRGDV/HLVQVH

-iRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGDVFLGDGHVGRLQWHULRUQDVTXDLVKi9DUD

)HGHUDOLQVWDODGDDVVLPFRPRRVMXL]DGRVFULPLQDLVGRLQWHULRUHWDPEpP

GDV FDSLWDLV VmR HVWUXWXUDGRV GH IRUPD QmRDXW{QRPD LVWR p

IXQFLRQDQGR GHQWUR GDV HVWUXWXUDV GH RXWUDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV DV TXDLV

SRGHPWHUDVPDLVGLYHUVDVFRPSHWrQFLDVHSURFHVVDUXPDYDULHGDGHGH

ULWRV TXH QmR R ULWR GD /HL  1HVVD VLWXDomR SRUWDQWR QmR VH

SRGHIDODUHPMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVSURSULDPHQWHGLWRVSRLVRTXHH[LVWHQD

YHUGDGH p XPD 9DUD )HGHUDO FRPXP TXH GHWpP D FRPSHWrQFLD GH

SURFHVVDU IHLWRV SHOR ULWR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV DOpP GH SRGHU ID]HU

WUDPLWDU RXWURV WLSRV GH SURFHVVRV 'HVVD IRUPD Ki XPD

GHVFDUDFWHUL]DomRGDHQWLGDGHFRPRMXL]DGRHVSHFLDOQmRID]HQGRVHQWLGR

SHVTXLVDUDGXUDomRGDWUDPLWDomRGRVSURFHVVRVVXEPHWLGRVDRULWRGRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVWHQGRHPYLVWDDSURIXVmRGHULWRVGLYHUVRVYHULILFDGD

QHVVDVYDUDVIHGHUDLVFRPXQV

$VVLP FRQVLGHUDVH UD]RiYHO D GHOLPLWDomR GR REMHWR

GD SHVTXLVD TXDQWR DRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV GD FDSLWDO SRLV WDLV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV FRQVLVWHP HP DPRVWUD EDVWDQWH FRQVLGHUiYHO GD

WRWDOLGDGHGHSURFHVVRVHPWUDPLWDomRQR(VWDGRGH3HUQDPEXFR

176

3DUDWHUVHXPDLGpLDLQLFLDOGDLPSRUWkQFLDTXDQWLWDWLYD

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVHP5HFLIHFRQYpPDSUHVHQWDUDOJXQVQ~PHURVTXH

LOXVWUDPDGLVWULEXLomRGHSURFHVVRVQRDQRGH&RPHIHLWRDWpRGLD

 GH MXOKR GH  IRUDP GLVWULEXtGRV 

 SURFHVVRV QRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV GH 5HFLIH HQTXDQWR TXH QDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV FRPXQV

GHVWD FLGDGH FKHJRXVH DR Q~PHUR GH  GH QRYRV SURFHVVRV

DMXL]DGRV LQFOXLQGRVH QHVVH PRQWDQWH DOpP GRV SURFHVVRV FtYHLV RV

H[HFXWLYRVILVFDLVHRVSURFHVVRVFULPLQDLV

&RQVLGHUDQGRVH DSHQDV RV SURFHVVRV GLVWULEXtGRV QDV

YDUDV IHGHUDLV FtYHLV FRPXQV RX VHMD GH FRPSHWrQFLD SDUD DV FDXVDV

FtYHLV GH PDLRU FRPSOH[LGDGH IRUDP GLVWULEXtGRV DWp  GH MXOKR GH

 FHUFD GH 

 SURFHVVRV



 2V SURFHVVRV DMXL]DGRV QR MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGH5HFLIHLPSOLFDPHPFHUFDGHFLQTHQWDHVHWH

SRUFHQWRGRWRWDOGHGHPDQGDVQRYDVGLVWULEXtGDVHPFRPREHP

PRVWUDRJUiILFRDEDL[R







57%

25%

18%

Juizados 21.449 Varas Cíveis Comuns 9.573 Varas de Execução Fiscal e Criminais 6.779



484

Os dados foram colhidos das estatísticas publicadas pela Corregedoria-Geral do TRF da 5ª Região.

Disponível em: http://www.trf5.gov.br/content/view/185/274. Acesso em 19/08/2008.

485

Os dados do gráfico foram importados de planilhas elaborados no programa EXCEL, da Microsoft, e

arredondados de acordo com as casas decimais após a vírgula, da seguinte forma: se o percentual ficou superior a

50, após a vírgula, o arredondamento dá-se para cima e vice-versa. Exemplo: o percentual de 24,70% foi

arredondado para 25%.

177

3RU RXWUR ODGR FRQVLGHUDQGRVH SDUD ILQV GH

FRPSDUDomR DSHQDV D SURSRUomR SURFHVVRV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV

IHGHUDLV[SURFHVVRVGHQDWXUH]DFtYHOH[FOXLQGRVHRVDXWRVGDH[HFXomR

ILVFDO H RV FULPLQDLV R Q~PHUR GH SURFHVVRV DMXL]DGRV QRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGH5HFLIHIRLFHUFDGH

FHQWRHYLQWHHTXDWURSRU

FHQWR VXSHULRU DR Q~PHUR GH SURFHVVRV SURWRFRODGRV QDV YDUDV FtYHLV

FRPXQV-iHPUHODomRDRQ~PHURWRWDOGHSURFHVVRVDMXL]DGRVQDVYDUDV

IHGHUDLVRUGLQiULDVFtYHLVGHH[HFXomRILVFDOHFULPLQDLVTXHQmRVmRGH

FRPSHWrQFLD GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV R TXDQWLWDWLYR GH SURFHVVRV GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVIRL

WULQWDHXPYtUJXODGRLVSRUFHQWR

VXSHULRU

7DLV Q~PHURV PRVWUDP D LPSRUWkQFLD GD IXQomR

MXULVGLFLRQDO GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV GH 5HFLIH QR FRQWH[WR GD MXULVGLomR

IHGHUDO HP 3HUQDPEXFR ( HVWD LPSRUWkQFLD WDPEpP GL] UHVSHLWR j

MXULVGLomRIHGHUDOHPWRGRRWHUULWyULRQDFLRQDO

&RP HIHLWR SRGHVH FRQVWDWDUVH D SDUWLU GR HVWXGR

GDVHVWDWtVWLFDVQDFLRQDLVTXHRIHQ{PHQRGHDPSOLDomRTXDQWLWDWLYDGRV

SURFHVVRV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV WDPEpP VH UHSHWH HP QtYHO

QDFLRQDO SRLV GHVGH R PrV GH MDQHLUR GH  GDWD QD TXDO IRUDP

HIHWLYDPHQWH LQVWDODGRV RV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SHUFHEHVH XPD

SUHYDOrQFLD TXDQWLWDWLYD GRV SURFHVVRV GH FRPSHWrQFLD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV HP FRPSDUDomR DRV SURFHVVRV GDV GHPDLV YDUDV IHGHUDLV

WUDGLFLRQDLV

'HIDWRMiQRDQRGHRXVHMDDSHQDVXPDQR

DSyV D LQVWDODomR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV D TXDQWLGDGH GH

SURFHVVRV DMXL]DGRV SHOR QRYR ULWR SURFHVVXDO VXSHURX R PRQWDQWH GRV

SURFHVVRVDMXL]DGRVQDVGHPDLVYDUDVIHGHUDLVGHWRGDVDVFRPSHWrQFLDV

1R DQR GH  SRU H[HPSOR RV SURFHVVRV GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVUHSUHVHQWDUDPFHUFDGHFLQTHQWDHRLWR

SRU FHQWR GR WRWDO GRV SURFHVVRV DMXL]DGRV HP WRGD D -XVWLoD )HGHUDO

QDFLRQDO(PRQ~PHURFDLXXPSRXFRSDUDFLQTHQWDHWUrV

SRU FHQWR PDV DLQGD p VLJQLILFDWLYD D FLUFXQVWkQFLD GH TXH RV MXL]DGRV

178

HVSHFLDLVUHFHEHPDPDLRUSDUWHGRVSURFHVVRVGHFRPSHWrQFLDGD-XVWLoD

)HGHUDODWXDOPHQWH

1R SUHVHQWH DQR DWp  D SURSRUomR VH

PDQWpPFRQIRUPHPRVWUDRJUiILFRDQWHULRU

&RQILUDVHSDUDXPDPHOKRULOXVWUDomRGDTXHVWmRRV

VHJXLQWHV JUiILFRV TXH PRVWUDP D FLWDGD FRPSDUDomR DWp R DQR GH







0% 0% 0% 0%

25%

43%

58%

56%

51%

53%

100% 100% 100% 100%

75%

57%

42%

44%

49%

47%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

JEF's Justiça Federal Comum

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

1800000

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

JEF's Justiça Federal Comum



486

Os dados foram colhidos do sítio eletrônico oficial do Conselho da Justiça Federal, órgão constitucional

Coordenador da Justiça Federal no Brasil. Disponível em: http://daleth.cjf.jus.br/atlas/proctramdisjulrem.htm.

Acesso em 27/08/2008.

179

2 VHJXLQWH JUiILFR PRVWUD D TXDQWLGDGH GH SURFHVVRV

DMXL]DGRV QD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO GHVGH R DQR GH  LQGLFDQGR R Q~PHUR

DEVROXWRGHSURFHVVRVGLVWULEXtGRVHPFDGDDQRGHWDOKDQGRVHWDPEpPD

SURSRUomR HQWUH RV SURFHVVRV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV H RV GDV

GHPDLVYDUDVIHGHUDLV

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Seções

(total)

838.643 1.079.158 1.097.964 1.002.095 1.368.061 2.107.941 2.643.324 2.538.362 2.298.107 2.474.704

JEF's 0 0 0 0 348.809 916.442 1.533.647 1.421.702 1.166.005 1.302.255

Justiça

Federal

Comum 838.643 1.079.158 1.097.964 1.002.095 1.019.252 1.191.499 1.109.677 1.116.660 1.132.102 1.172.449

JEF's 0% 0% 0% 0% 25% 43% 58% 56% 51% 53%

Justiça

Federal

Comum 100% 100% 100% 100% 75% 57% 42% 44% 49% 47%



$SUHVHQWHDQiOLVHGRVGDGRVWRGDYLDpPDLVUHVWULWD

HQYROYHQGRDSHQDVRVSURFHVVRVTXHWUDPLWDUDPQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVGH

5HFLIH3(2XQLYHUVRSHVTXLVDGRFRUUHVSRQGHDRVSURFHVVRVTXHWLYHUDP

RUGHQVGHSDJDPHQWRUHTXLVLomRGHSHTXHQRYDORU539RXSUHFDWyULR

H[SHGLGDV QR DQR GH  HQWUH  H  H TXH

HQYROYHUDPGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVVRFLDLVDTXLHQWHQGLGRVRVUHIHUHQWHVD

EHQHItFLRV SUHYLGHQFLiULRV DVVLVWHQFLDLV H j UHPXQHUDomR GRV VHUYLGRUHV

S~EOLFRVHPLOLWDUHV

3DUD TXH R SURFHVVR IRVVH LQFOXtGR QD SHVTXLVD D

UHVSHFWLYD 539 WHYH TXH VHU H[SHGLGD RX VHMD DVVLQDGD SHOR MXL] QR

SHUtRGR DFLPD UHIHULGR PHVPR TXH R SURFHVVR WHQKD LQLFLDGR QRV DQRV

DQWHULRUHVD2TXHLPSRUWRXSDUDDLQFOXVmRQDSHVTXLVDIRLRDQR

GR SDJDPHQWR GD FRQGHQDomR HQWHQGLGR HVWH FRPR VHQGR R DQR GH

H[SHGLomRGD539

6DEHVH TXH DV 539V YrP VHQGR SDJDV QD -XVWLoD

)HGHUDO QR SUD]R GH DWp  VHVVHQWD GLDV GD GDWD GD H[SHGLomR GH

IRUPDTXHSDUDRVHIHLWRVGDSHVTXLVDRSDJDPHQWRSUHVXPHVHRFRUULGR

VHPSUH QR PHVPR DQR GD H[SHGLomR DLQGD TXH HIHWLYDPHQWH SDUD DV

180

539V H[SHGLGDV QRV PHVHV GH QRYHPEUR H GH]HPEUR GH  R

SDJDPHQWRUHDOWHQKDRFRUULGRQRLQtFLRGRDQRGH

3RU ILP SDUD D PHGLomR GR WHPSR GH WUDPLWDomR GRV

SURFHVVRVVyIRUDPDQDOLVDGRVRVSURFHVVRVFRPVHQWHQoDIDYRUiYHODRV

SDUWLFXODUHVSRLVVyQHVVHFDVRpSRVVtYHOPHGLURWHPSRQHFHVViULRSDUD

DFRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV QD PHGLGDHP TXH QRV FDVRV

GHLPSURFHGrQFLDGR SHGLGR QD YHUGDGH QmRKRXYH DUHDOL]DomR MXGLFLDO

GH XP GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO PDV DQWHV RFRUUHX D QHJDomR GD H[LVWrQFLD

GHVVH GLUHLWR FRQVLGHUDGD D VLWXDomR LQ FRQFUHWR GD SDUWH GHPDQGDQWH

TXH QmR VH VXEVXPLD D XP GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO UHFRQKHFLGR SHOR

RUGHQDPHQWR





(PVXPDRVFULWpULRVSDUDDGHOLPLWDomRGRVSURFHVVRV

SHVTXLVDGRVIRUDPRVVHJXLQWHV



D SURFHVVRV TXH WLYHUDP VHQWHQoD IDYRUiYHO DRV

FLGDGmRVHIRUDPSDJRVQRDQRGHRXVHMDFRP

539H[SHGLGDQRUHIHULGRDQR



E SURFHVVRV QRV TXDLV IRUDP GLVFXWLGRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV SUHYLGHQFLiULRV DVVLVWHQFLDLV H

TXHVW}HVVDODULDLVGRVVHUYLGRUHVIHGHUDLV



$ SDUWLU GRVGDGRV H[WUDtGRV GR VLVWHPD LQIRUPDWL]DGR

GH SURFHVVR HOHWU{QLFR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV GD  5HJLmR GD

-XVWLoD)HGHUDOGHQRPLQDGRGH6LVWHPD&UHWDIRLSRVVtYHOORFDOL]DURWRWDO

GH  FLQFR PLO WUH]HQWRV H WULQWD UHTXLVLo}HV GH SHTXHQR YDORU

539VH[SHGLGDVQRDQRGHHQWUHGHMDQHLURHGHGH]HPEUR

487

A título ilustrativo, a velocidade de julgamento dos processos em geral, no âmbitos dos juizados especiais

federais de Recife, incluindo tanto os processos com sentença procedente como os com sentença improcedente, é

da seguinte ordem: 117 dias, conforme extrato do sistema informatizado denominado CRETA tirado em

02/12/2008. Disponível em: <http://ww1.jfpe.gov.br/cretape/>.

181

GRUHIHULGRDQRSHORVWUrVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVGH5HFLIH3(HTXH

VHUHIHUHPjVSUHVWDo}HVSHFXQLiULDVGHGLUHLWRIXQGDPHQWDOVRFLDO





$QWHV GD DQiOLVH GRV SUD]RV GH WUDPLWDomR SDUD XPD

PHOKRU FRQWH[WXDOL]DomR GRV GDGRV SURFXURXVH LOXVWUDU RXWURV DVSHFWRV

TXDQWLWDWLYRVGRVMXL]DGRVHPUHODomRDIDWRVUHOHYDQWHVFRPRRWLSRGR

GLUHLWRSOHLWHDGRDH[LVWrQFLDRXQmRGHDFRUGRSDUDDVROXomRGROLWtJLR

SDUD YHULILFDU VH D ILQDOLGDGH GH FRQFLOLDomR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV HVWi

VHQGRDWHQGLGD VH KRXYHRXQmRD LQWHUYHQomRGHDGYRJDGRKDELOLWDGR

QRVHQWLGRGHHVFODUHFHUVH KiXPDPDLRUIDFLOLGDGHGHDFHVVRj-XVWLoD

SHORV SDUWLFXODUHV R YDORU GDV UHTXLVLo}HV H[SHGLGDV TXH LQGLFD D

LPSRUWkQFLDHFRQ{PLFDGRVMXL]DGRVQDiUHDGHDWXDomRHDUHDOL]DomRRX

QmRGHDXGLrQFLDGHFRQFLOLDomR

2SULPHLURLWHPDQDOLVDGRGL]UHVSHLWRDRWLSRGHGLUHLWR

VRFLDO SOHLWHDGR TXH SRGH VHU GH  TXDWUR HVSpFLHV SDUD RV ILQV GR

SUHVHQWH HVWXGR GLUHLWR GH FDUiWHU SUHYLGHQFLiULR DVVLVWHQFLDO

UHPXQHUDWyULRGHVHUYLGRUS~EOLFRHGHVHUYLGRUPLOLWDU

$ VHJXLQWH WDEHOD PRVWUD D UHSDUWLomR GDV 539V

VHJXQGRDFODVVLILFDomRSURSRVWDILFDQGRFODURTXHDJUDQGHPDLRULDGRV

GLUHLWRVVRFLDLVUHFRQKHFLGRVSHORV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLVGL]UHVSHLWR

DEHQHItFLRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVFHUFDGH(VVHVSURFHVVRVHQYROYHP

WDQWRDFRQFHVVmRGHQRYRVEHQHItFLRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVFRPRDUHYLVmRGR

YDORU GH SDJDPHQWR GRV PHVPRV (P UHODomR DRV GLUHLWRV GH QDWXUH]D

DVVLVWHQFLDOWRGRVRVSURFHVVRVHVWXGDGRVGL]HPUHVSHLWRjFRQFHVVmRGR

EHQHItFLRDVVLVWHQFLDOSUHYLVWRQRDUW9GD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDORX

VHMD DR GLUHLWR DR SDJDPHQWR PHQVDO GH XPD SUHVWDomR GH XP VDOiULR

PtQLPRSDUDRVLGRVRVRXGHILFLHQWHVSREUHV



0DWpULD

3UHYLGHQFLiULD 







$VVLVWHQFLDO 







488

Os dados foram extraídos do Sistema Processual CRETA, em uso na 5ª Região da Justiça Federal, Versão 3.3,

por meio de rotinas executadas pela equipe de informática que presta assessoria técnica ao TRF da 5ª Região.

Disponível em: <http://ww1.jfpe.gov.br/cretape/>.

182

5HPXQHUDomR

HUYLGRU

S~EOLFR









5HPXQHUDomR

VHUYLGRUPLOLWDU











7RWDO 







MATÉRIA

61,44%

34,35%

4,07%

0,13%

Previdenciário - 3275 Assistencial - 1831 Servidor Público - 217 Militar - 7



1R TXH SHUWLQH j HILFiFLD GR VLVWHPD GH FRQFLOLDomR

SHUFHEHVHGH SODQRTXH XPDSDUWH UHOHYDQWHRX VHMDPDLV GD PHWDGH

GRVSURFHVVRVDQDOLVDGRVFLQTHQWDHGRLVSRUFHQWRIRLUHVROYLGD

SRUPHLRGHWUDQVDomRMXGLFLDOFRQIRUPHPRVWUDDWDEHODDVHJXLU



183

52%

48%

Processos com Acordo Homologado - 2791 Processos sem Acordo - 2539



7UDWDVHVHPG~YLGDGHQ~PHURGHJUDQGHUHOHYkQFLD

SRLVFRPSURYDRIRUWHSRWHQFLDOGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVQRVHQWLGR

GHXPD-XVWLoDPDLVFpOHUHHHIHWLYDGHYHQGRVHWDOUHVXOWDGRjQRUPDGR

DUW SDUiJUDIR~QLFR GD/HL Q  TXHDXWRUL]D GH IRUPD

H[SUHVVDRV DGYRJDGRVS~EOLFRV D FHOHEUDUDFRUGRVSDUDD UHVROXomRGH

FRQWURYpUVLDV GH SHTXHQD PRQWD ( R VXFHVVR GHVVD QRUPD WDPEpP Vy

SRGH RFRUUHU HP IDFH GD QRYD PHQWDOLGDGH FRQFLOLDWyULD LQVWDXUDGD QR

kPELWR GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO TXH LPSUHJQRX PDJLVWUDGRV IXQFLRQiULRV

DGYRJDGRV H DV SUySULDV SDUWHV TXH SUHIHULUDP UHVROYHU ORJR VXDV

SHQGrQFLDVMXUtGLFDVPHVPRTXHjFXVWDGHXPDSHUGDHFRQ{PLFDSDUFLDO

GHVHXGLUHLWR

$ WtWXOR LOXVWUDWLYR WDPEpP p LPSRUWDQWH PRVWUDU R

TXDQWLWDWLYR GH SURFHVVRV TXH IRUDP DMXL]DGRV VHP D DWXDomR GH XP

DGYRJDGR OHJDOPHQWH FRQVWLWXtGR VHQGR TXH  WUH]H SRU FHQWR GRV

SURFHVVRVHVWXGDGRVQmRQHFHVVLWDUDPGDDWXDomRGHDGYRJDGRV



184

87%

13%

Processos com Advogado - 4.624 Processos sem Advogado - 706



1R TXH SHUWLQH DR PRQWDQWH SDJR SHOR (VWDGR SDUD

VDOGDUDV539VWHPRVRVVHJXLQWHVQ~PHURV



9DORU7RWDOGR3DJDPHQWR5393UHFDWyULR5



9DORU0pGLRGR3DJDPHQWR5393UHFDWyULR5



(VVHV Q~PHURV UHIOHWHP D LPSRUWkQFLDHFRQ{PLFD GRV

MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVHP5HFLIHH5HJLmR0HWURSROLWDQDSRLVKRXYH

XPLQJUHVVRQDHFRQRPLDORFDOGHTXDVHPLOK}HVGHUHDLVHPXPDQR

3RURXWURODGRRYDORUPpGLRGHSDJDPHQWRGDV539VIRLGDRUGHPGH

PLOUHDLVDSUR[LPDGDPHQWHTXHQmRpYDORUGHVSUH]tYHOFRQVLGHUDQGRVH

TXH ERD SDUWH GD FOLHQWHOD GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV p GH SHVVRDV

FRPHVFDVVRVUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURV

$ SURSyVLWR YDOH UHJLVWUDU TXH Ki HVWXGR PRVWUDQGR

TXHQRkPELWRGD5HJLmRGD-XVWLoD)HGHUDO



RYDORUWRWDOGDV539V

SDJDV QR DQRGH IRL VXSHULRUD GRLVELOK}HV GHUHDLV TXDQWLDHVVD

489

Abrange São Paulo e Mato Grosso do Sul.

185

VXSHULRU j WRWDOLGDGH GRV SUHFDWyULRV SDJRV QR PHVPR DQR HP WRGD D

-XVWLoD)HGHUDOLQFOXLQGRVHRVSUHFDWyULRVRULJLQDGRVGH6mR3DXOR





7DO GDGR PRVWUD D IRUoD HFRQ{PLFD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV RV TXDLV DR FRQFUHWL]DUHP GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

VRFLDLVSHUPLWLUDPRLQJUHVVRGHFLIUDVUHOHYDQWHVQDHFRQRPLDQDFLRQDO

2XWUR SDUkPHWUR LPSRUWDQWH SHVTXLVDGR FRQVLVWLX QR

TXDQWLWDWLYR GH SURFHVVRV TXH GHPDQGDUDP D UHDOL]DomR GH DXGLrQFLD

VHQGR TXH SDUWH FRQVLGHUiYHO GRV SURFHVVRV DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH 

TXDUHQWD H VHWH SRU FHQWR GLVSHQVRX D UHDOL]DomR GR UHIHULGR DWR

SURFHVVXDO

3URFHVVRVFRP$XGLrQFLD 







3URFHVVRVVHP$XGLrQFLD 







53%

47%

Processos com Audiência - 2800 Processos sem Audiência - 2530



7DO Q~PHUR UHIOHWH FRP WRGD D FHUWH]D D UHDOLGDGH

HVSHFtILFDGDV FDXVDVHPWUDPLWDomRQD -XVWLoD)HGHUDODV TXDLVPXLWDV

YH]HVWUDWDPGHJUDQGHVTXHVW}HVGHGLUHLWRIHGHUDOTXHQmRDSUHVHQWDP

D QHFHVVLGDGH GH SURGXomR GH SURYD HP DXGLrQFLD FRPR SRU H[HPSOR

490

COSTA, Yvete Flávio da; SOUZA, Peterson de. A efetividade do Processo nos Juizados Especiais Federais.

Revista Direito Federal, a. 23, n. 83. p. 259-266, Brasília: AJUFE, jan./mar. 2006, p. 264.

186

RFRUUHQRVSURFHVVRVGHUHYLVmRGRYDORUGRVEHQHItFLRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVRX

GHFRQFHVVmRGHUHDMXVWHVDODULDOSDUDRVVHUYLGRUHVS~EOLFRV

1HVVHVWLSRVGHGHPDQGDVMXGLFLDLVHPUHJUDQmRKi

QHFHVVLGDGH GH UHDOL]DomR GH DXGLrQFLD SDUD D RLWLYD GR GHSRLPHQWR

SHVVRDOHGHWHVWHPXQKDVEDVWDQGRDDQiOLVHGRRUGHQDPHQWRMXUtGLFRH

GHGRFXPHQWRVDQH[DGRVSHODVSDUWHV

3RU ILP FDEH DQDOLVDU RV UHVXOWDGRV GLUHWDPHQWH

UHODFLRQDGRV FRP R REMHWLYR ILQDO GD SHVTXLVD TXH HUD R GH PHGLU D

YHORFLGDGHGHWUDPLWDomRGRVSURFHVVRVGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVQR

TXHSHUWLQHjVFDXVDVHQYROYHQGRGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV

3DUD WDQWR HVWDEHOHFHXVH  ODSVRV SURFHVVXDLV H

SURFXURXVHPHGLURWHPSRGHWUDPLWDomRHPFDGDXPGHOHVRSULPHLUR

FREUHRSHUtRGRLQWHUPHGLDGRHQWUHDGDWDGRDMXL]DPHQWRHDSURODomRGD

VHQWHQoD R VHJXQGR HQWUH R DMXL]DPHQWR H R WUkQVLWR HP MXOJDGR R

WHUFHLURDSDUWLUGRDMXL]DPHQWRDWpDH[SHGLomRGDRUGHPGHSDJDPHQWR

HRTXDUWRSRUILPGRDMXL]DPHQWRDWpRDUTXLYDPHQWRGRSURFHVVR

$ SDUWLU GRV GDGRV FROKLGRV GR 6LVWHPD &UHWD

FRQVWDWRXVH RV VHJXLQWHV SUD]RV GH WUDPLWDomR GRV SURFHVVRV FRPR

PRVWUDPRVTXDGURVDEDL[R

Data do ajuizamento até a sentença 227

Data do ajuizamento até o trânsito em

julgado 284

Data do ajuizamento até a expedição da

RPV 350

Data do ajuizamento até o Arquivamento 367

187

TEMPO DE TRAMITAÇÃO (DIAS)

227

284

350

367

100

200

300

400

Ajuizamento até a

Sentença

Ajuizamento até o

Trânsito

Ajuizamento até a

RPV

Ajuizamento até o

Arquivamento



2V UHVXOWDGRV PRVWUDP TXH R WHPSR GH WUDPLWDomR

WRWDO GRV SURFHVVRV GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV HQYROYHQGR GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV FRQVLGHUDQGRVH R ODSVR FRPSUHHQGLGR HQWUH R DMXL]DPHQWR GD

DomR H R DUTXLYDPHQWR p HP PpGLD XP SRXFR VXSHULRU D XP DQR RX

VHMDGHGLDV

9DOH UHVVDOWDU TXH GHQWUR GHVVH SHUtRGR RFRUUHP

WRGRV RV DWRV SURFHVVXDLV QHFHVViULRV j HQWUHJD HIHWLYD GD SUHVWDomR

MXULVGLFLRQDO HP FRQFUHWR D VDEH FDGDVWUDPHQWR HGLVWULEXLomR FLWDomR

SHUtFLDVHIRURFDVRDXGLrQFLDTXDQGRFDEtYHOVHQWHQoDMXOJDPHQWR

GHHYHQWXDOUHFXUVRUHDOL]DomRGRFiOFXORHRSDJDPHQWRGRGLUHLWRVRFLDO

GHPDQGDGR

-i HP UHODomR j H[SHGLomR GD 539 R WHPSR GH

WUDPLWDomRUHVWDXPSRXFRLQIHULRUDXPDQRSRUYROWDGHGLDV1RWH

VHTXHRWUkQVLWRHPMXOJDGRQRVSURFHVVRVSHVTXLVDGRVWHPRFRUULGRHP

SUD]R UD]RDYHOPHQWH LQIHULRU RX VHMD HP FHUFD GH  GLDV PDLV RX

PHQRVVHQGRTXHDGHPRUDYHULILFDGDHQWUHHVVDGDWDHDH[SHGLomRGD

539 MXVWLILFDVH SHOD QHFHVVLGDGH GH HODERUDomR GH FiOFXOR RX WDPEpP

SHOR WHPSR GHPDQGDGR SDUD D LPSODQWDomR GD REULJDomR GH ID]HU TXH

SRGHRFRUUHUDQWHVGD539QRFDVRGHQHFHVVLGDGHGHDSXUDURYDORUGD

188

UHQGD PHQVDO LQLFLDO GR EHQHItFLR SUHYLGHQFLiULR DQWHV GD UHDOL]DomR GRV

FiOFXORV

$ FRPSDUDomR GHVVHV GDGRV FRP RV SUD]RV GH

WUDPLWDomR GDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV FRPXQVH WDPEpP GRV SURFHVVRV MXGLFLDLV

HP JHUDO QRWDGDPHQWH QD -XVWLoD &RPXP PRVWUD TXH R DUFDERXoR

QRUPDWLYRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVHVWiGHDFRUGRFRPRSULQFtSLR

GDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVRMiTXHRSUD]RGHXPDQRQmRSRGHVHU

FRQVLGHUDGRH[FHVVLYRRXIRUDGHXPSDUkPHWUR³UD]RiYHO´'HIDWRVHR

SDJDPHQWR GD FRQGHQDomR GiVH GHQWUR GR SHUtRGR GH  GLDV WDO

VLJQLILFDTXHRVDYDQoRVWUD]LGRVSHODV/HLVQVH

SHUPLWHPRDOFDQFHGDFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO

3RU RXWUR ODGR p IDWR QRWyULR TXH SURFHVVRV MXGLFLDLV

HP YDUDV RUGLQiULDV FRVWXPDP WUDPLWDU SRU ORQJRV DQRV FRPR VH QRWD

WDPEpP GD H[WHQVD OLWHUDWXUD MXUtGLFD VREUH R WHPD QR %UDVLO GH PRGR

TXHRPLFURVVLVWHPD SURFHVVXDOGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SRGHVHU

FRQVLGHUDGR GH ERD TXDOLGDGH H HVWLPXODGR SDUD DEDUFDU FDGD YH] PDLV

FRPSHWrQFLDV GHVGH TXH HYLGHQWHPHQWH DFRPSDQKDGD GH XPD LQIUD

HVWUXWXUDPDWHULDOHKXPDQDDGHTXDGD

3RGHVHDILUPDUSRUWDQWRQRTXHVHUHIHUHDRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV TXH XVXDOPHQWH VmR SOHLWHDGRV QRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVRVSURFHVVRVHPWUDPLWDomRWrPDWHQGLGRDRGLUHLWRj

GXUDomRUD]RiYHOMiTXHRSUD]RGHFHUFDGHXPDQRSDUDDWUDPLWDomR

WRWDO GR IHLWR DWp D GDWD GR SDJDPHQWR GD FRQGHQDomR QmR SRGH VHU

FRQVLGHUDGR IRUD GRV SDGU}HV UD]RiYHLV PHVPR HP FRPSDUDomR j

GXUDomRGHSURFHVVRVTXHWUDPLWDPQD-XVWLoDGHSDtVHVGHVHQYROYLGRV

'HIDWRFRPRYLVWRDQWHVPHVPRQRkPELWRGRVSDtVHV

GR &RQVHOKR GD (XURSD Ki SURFHVVRV HQYROYHQGR GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV TXH

GXUDUDP ORQJRV DQRV H TXH SRU LVVR D &RUWH (XURSpLD GH 'LUHLWRV

+XPDQRVYHPGHWHUPLQDQGRRSDJDPHQWRGHLQGHQL]DomRDRVLQGLYtGXRV

OHVDGRVSHODGHPRUDH[FHVVLYD

189



&RQFOXV}HV



2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV ± TXH KRMH SRGHP VHU

FRPSUHHQGLGRV FRPR D SRVLWLYDomR GRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV

LQWHUQDFLRQDOPHQWHUHFRQKHFLGRV±VXUJHPGHIRUPDSDXODWLQDQDKLVWyULD

KXPDQDSHORPHQRVGHVGHD,GDGH0pGLDQDTXDOLGHDLVGHOLEHUGDGHH

MXVWLoDH[HUFLWiYHLVFRQWUDRVVREHUDQRVMiFRPHoDYDPDVHGHOLQHDU

(VWHVGLUHLWRVEiVLFRVGHOLEHUGDGHHLJXDOGDGHSHUDQWH

D OHL VHUYLUDPVH GRV LGHDLV LOXPLQLVWDV DSUHVHQWDGRV QRV 6pFXORV ;9, D

;9,,, SDUD VH WUDQVIRUPDUHP QRV GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV XQLYHUVDLV TXH

SDVVDUDP D VHU LQVFULWRV QRV WH[WRV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV GRV SULPyUGLRV GR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR QRWDGDPHQWH QRV (VWDGRV 8QLGRV GD $PpULFD H QD

)UDQoD UHYROXFLRQiULD GR 6pFXOR ;9,,, RQGH VH SUHYLX TXH SDUD TXH

H[LVWLVVH XPD FRQVWLWXLomR KDYHULD GH VH SUHYHU D JDUDQWLD GH GLUHLWRV

FRPR QRV PRVWUD R DUW  GD 'HFODUDomR GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP H GR

&LGDGmRGH

-i RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV HYROXHP

SRVWHULRUPHQWH DRV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV H VmR FRQVLGHUDGRV GLUHLWRV

UHODFLRQDGRV DR SULQFtSLR GD LJXDOGDGH IiWLFD QD FRPXQLGDGH SROtWLFD H

HVWmR LQWLPDPHQWH FRQHFWDGRV DR SULQFtSLR GD VROLGDULHGDGH VRFLDO TXH

GHYHUHJHUXPDFRPXQLGDGHGHSHVVRDVOLYUHVHLJXDLV

(OHV VXUJHP FRPR UHDomR MXVILORVyILFD FRQWUD D

SHUVSHFWLYD UDGLFDO GRVGLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV FOiVVLFRV TXH QmR FXPSULUDP GH

PRGR SHUIHLWR FRP RV LGHDLV GH LJXDOGDGH H[LJLGRV SHOR SULQFtSLR GD

VROLGDULHGDGH VRFLDO H DQWHV DWHQGLDP DSHQDV DRV LQWHUHVVHV EXUJXHVHV

SUHRFXSDGRVWmRVRPHQWHFRPDOLEHUGDGHLQGLYLGXDODTXDOOKHVSHUPLWLX

R DPSOR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR FRPR FODVVH VRFLDO GRPLQDQWH H TXH JHURX

FRPR FRQVHTrQFLD JUDYHV SUREOHPDV VRFLDLV HP UHODomR jV FODVVHV

WUDEDOKDGRUDVQmRGHWHQWRUDVGRFDSLWDO

$VVLP H WDPEpP FRP IXQGDPHQWR QDV GRXWULQDV

VRFLDOLVWDV RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HFRQ{PLFRV H FXOWXUDLV DRV SRXFRV

190

SDVVDUDPVHULQVHULGRVHPWH[WRVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVFRPRQRFDVRGD&DUWD

GR0p[LFRGHHWDPEpPQD&RQVWLWXLomRGHJHUPkQLFDGH:HLPDU

GH  VRIUHQGR XP UHWURFHVVR QR SHUtRGR GDV JUDQGHV *XHUUDV

0XQGLDLV

1R 3yV*XHUUD HQWUHWDQWR FRP D SUHGRPLQkQFLD GR

(VWDGR 6RFLDO H 'HPRFUiWLFR GH 'LUHLWR QD PDLRU SDUWH GD (XURSD H R

UHVWDEHOHFLPHQWR GR YDORU GD GLJQLGDGH KXPDQD QD FRPXQLGDGH

LQWHUQDFLRQDO FKRFDGD SHORV KRUURUHV QD]LVWDV RV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV IRUDP

VHQGR ODUJDPHQWH UHFRQKHFLGRV H HIHWLYDGRV QR FKDPDGR ³SULPHLUR

PXQGR´ VHP SUHMXt]R GD FRQFUHWL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV OLEHUDLV WUDGLFLRQDLV

QmRHVTXHFLGRVSHODGRXWULQDGR(VWDGR6RFLDOGH'LUHLWR

7DPEpP QR SODQR GR 'LUHLWR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GHXVH R

UHFRQKHFLPHQWR SDXODWLQR GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV HFRQ{PLFRV H FXOWXUDLV

KDYHQGR DWXDOPHQWH XPD WHQGrQFLD j XQLYHUVDOL]DomR GRV GLUHLWRV

KXPDQRV H D XPD PDLRU LQWHUGHSHQGrQFLD HQWUH R 'LUHLWR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO

TXH VH SUHWHQGH PDLV HIHWLYR H GRWDGR GH HIHLWRV SUiWLFRV H DV

FRQVWLWXLo}HV ORFDLV 'H IDWR R H[HPSOR GR &RQVHOKR GD (XURSD PRVWUD

TXHpSRVVtYHODDSOLFDomRGLUHWDGHWH[WRVQRUPDWLYRVLQWHUQDFLRQDLV±QR

FDVRD&RQYHQomR(XURSpLDGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRV±QRkPELWRGRVSDtVHV

LQWHJUDQWHVLQFOXVLYHSRUPHLRGHFRQVHTrQFLDVGLUHWDVFRPRPRVWUDP

SRU H[HPSOR DV FRQGHQDo}HV TXH YrP VHQGR DSOLFDGDV DRV (VWDGRV

HXURSHXV SHOD &RUWH (XURSpLD GRV 'LUHLWRV GR +RPHP HVSHFLDOPHQWH

TXDQGRRWHPDpDUD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVR

1R TXH WDQJHDR SUREOHPD GD HILFiFLD QRUPDWLYD  GRV

GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV FRQYpP UHVVDOWDU TXH HOD DSUHVHQWD

FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV SHFXOLDUHV SRLV D PDLRULD GHVVHV GLUHLWRV HQYROYH D

H[LJrQFLDGHRIHUHFLPHQWRGHSUHVWDo}HVMXUtGLFDVHPDWHULDLVSRUSDUWHGR

(VWDGR DR FRQWUiULR GR TXH RFRUUH FRP RV GLUHLWRV LQGLYLGXDLV OLEHUDLV

TXHHPUHJUDDSHQDVH[LJHPDEVWHQo}HVHVWDWDLV

e FHUWR HQWUHWDQWR TXH RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

VRFLDLV SRGHP GH DFRUGR FRP FHUWDV OLPLWDo}HV PDWHULDLV VHUHP

SOHLWHDGRV MXGLFLDOPHQWH DLQGD TXH D HILFiFLD LQWHJUDO RX GLUHWD GRV

191

GLUHLWRV QmR VHMD WRWDOPHQWH DFHLWD QR TXH SHUWLQH DRV GLUHLWRV

SUHVWDFLRQDLV 7RGDYLD D WHQGrQFLD SHOR PHQRVQR kPELWR GD MXULVGLomR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO EUDVLOHLUD p D DFHLWDomR GD HILFiFLD GLUHWD GRV GLUHLWRV

VRFLDLVQRWDGDPHQWHRGLUHLWRjVD~GHRjHGXFDomR

(HVVDWHQGrQFLDVHMXVWLILFDSHORIDWRGHTXHRVGLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV WDO FRPR SUHYLVWR QD &DUWD 3ROtWLFD GH 

RVWHQWDP XP FDUiWHU GH IXQGDPHQWDOLGDGH GH VLPLODU GLPHQVmR DR GRV

GLUHLWRVOLEHUDLVFOiVVLFRVRXVHMDRVFKDPDGRVGLUHLWRVGHGHIHVDFRQWUDR

DUEtWULRHVWDWDO

2FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQRSiWULRFDPLQKD±VRERV

LQIOX[RV HVSHFLDOPHQWH GDV GRXWULQDV FRQVWLWXFLRQDLV HXURSpLDV GR 3yV

*XHUUD KDXULGDV GR DPELHQWH GHPRFUiWLFR Oi SUHYDOHFHQWH QD VHJXQGD

PHWDGH GR 6pFXOR ;;  QR VHQWLGR GD EXVFD GD PDLRU HIHWLYLGDGH GDV

QRUPDVFRQVWLWXFLRQDLVTXHWHQGHPDVHULQWHUSUHWDGDVGHIRUPDPHQRV

SRVLWLYLVWD H GRJPiWLFD $ QRYD LQWHUSUHWDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GHFRUUH GR

DPSOR VLVWHPD GH YDORUHV KXPDQRV H VRFLDLV FROKLGRV UDFLRQDOPHQWH H

DFROKLGRV SHODV FRQVWLWXLo}HV GHPRFUiWLFDV PRGHUQDV H HVSHFLDOPHQWH

SHOD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDOGHRTXHWHPOHYDGRDSDUFHODGDGRXWULQD

HDMXULVSUXGrQFLDDDGPLWLUXPDIRUWHLQWHUYHQomRGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRQD

FRQFUHWL]DomR GH GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV SUHVWDFLRQDLV VHP FRQWXGR

RSHUDUVHRDEDQGRQRGRVSULQFtSLRVGDVREHUDQLDSRSXODUHGDVHSDUDomR

GRVSRGHUHV

(RXWURQmRSRGHULDVHURFDPLQKRDVHUVHJXLGRSRLVp

QRUPD H[SUHVVD GD &RQVWLWXLomR GH  TXH RV GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV

WrP ³DSOLFDomR LPHGLDWD´ DUW    GH IRUPD TXH SRUWDQWR R

OHJLVODGRURUGLQiULRHRVJRYHUQRVGHRFDVLmRHVWmRSOHQDPHQWHYLQFXODGRV

DRVGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV

(PTXHSHVHDGLVFULFLRQDULHGDGHOHJLVODWLYDFRQVWLWXLU

VH GH FDUDFWHUtVWLFD DLQGD SUHVHQWH QD WHRULD MXVSROtWLFD PRGHUQD HOD p

WHPSHUDGD H PLWLJDGD SHOD IRUWH YLQFXODomR GR OHJLVODGRU DRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLVUHFRQKHFLGRVSHORSDFWRQRUPDWLYRVXSUHPRGDFROHWLYLGDGH

192

( XP GRV OLPLWHV j LQWHUYHQomR GR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR

FRQVWLWXLVHGDFKDPDGD³FOiXVXODGDUHVHUYDGRSRVVtYHO´TXHDSUHVHQWD

GRLV DVSHFWRV R IiWLFR H R MXUtGLFR PDV TXH QmR LPSOLFD HP yELFH

DEVROXWRjFRQFUHWL]DomRMXGLFLDOGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVFRQIRUPHDOLiVYHP

GHFLGLQGRR6XSUHPR7ULEXQDO)HGHUDOHPGHWHUPLQDGDVPDWpULDVRTXDO

SDUHFHH[LJLUTXHDDXVrQFLDGHUHFXUVRVILQDQFHLURVSDUDDUHDOL]DomRGR

GLUHLWRWHPTXHVHUGHPRQVWUDGDGHIRUPDFODUDSHOR(VWDGRHPFDGDFDVR

FRQFUHWR

5HVVDOWHVHLQFOXVLYH TXHDMXULVSUXGrQFLD UHFHQWHGD

QRVVD&RUWH6XSUHPDYHPFRQIHULQGRXPDPDLRUHIHWLYLGDGHDRVGLUHLWRV

VRFLDLV TXH GHPDQGDP D HQWUHJD SHOR (VWDGR GH SUHVWDo}HV PDWHULDLV

SRVLWLYDVQD iUHDGH VD~GHH GHHGXFDomR R TXHPHUHFH HORJLRVWHQGR

HP YLVWD D QRVVD JUDQGH GHVLJXDOGDGH VRFLDO H D WUDGLFLRQDO H QRWyULD

GHILFLrQFLDGRVDGPLQLVWUDGRUHVS~EOLFRVQRWHPD

$VVLPSRUWDQWRDFRQFUHWL]DomRMXGLFLDOGHVVHVGLUHLWRV

DWHQGHjGHVHMDGD ³IRUoDQRUPDWLYDGDFRQVWLWXLomR´DOpPGHLPSHOLU RV

DJHQWHV S~EOLFRV D PHOKRU FXLGDU GRV VHUYLoRV S~EOLFRV HVVHQFLDLV VRE

SHQDGHVRIUHUHPRFRQWUROHMXUtGLFRGDSUySULDFRPXQLGDGHSUHMXGLFDGD

SRU PHLR GH Do}HV MXGLFLDLV GRWDGDV GH IRUoD FRQGHQDWyULD H QmR

PHUDPHQWHVXJHVWLYD

1R TXH WDQJH j FRQFUHWL]DomR MXGLFLDO GRV GLUHLWRV

IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV GHVWDFDPVH D LQVWLWXLomR MXUtGLFD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVSRUPHLRGRVTXDLVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVSRGHPVHUGHPRGR

HWHPSRUD]RiYHLVSHUVHJXLGRVMXGLFLDOPHQWH

2VMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVIRUDPFULDGRVSHOD/HLQ

HPFXPSULPHQWRDRPDQGDPHQWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOGRDUW

GD &) $ UHIHULGD OHL LQWURGX]LX QD -XULVGLomR )HGHUDO SiWULD HQRUPHV

PRGLILFDo}HV URPSHQGR FRP SDUDGLJPDV IRUPDOLVWDV EXURFUiWLFRV H

HOLWLVWDV TXH VHPSUH DFRPSDQKDUDP D LPDJHP GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO GHVGH

VXDFULDomRWHQGR HPYLVWDTXH HVWD HUDUHFRQKHFLGDFRPRXPD-XVWLoD

PDLVDIDVWDGDGDVRFLHGDGHHGRVSUREOHPDVGRGLDDGLDGDFRPXQLGDGH

193

$RDGDSWDUD-XVWLoD)HGHUDOSDUDDUHDOLGDGHGRVHQWmR

H[LVWHQWHVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVHVWDGXDLVFULDGRVSHOD/HLQD/HL

Q  SHUPLWLX XPD PDLRU FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO SRU PHLR GD

FULDomR GH XP ULWR VLPSOLILFDGR LQIRUPDO H GLQkPLFR ± TXH LQFOXVLYH

SURSRUFLRQRXDDSOLFDomRGHLGpLDVFULDWLYDVSHORVMXt]HVHVHUYLGRUHVHP

SURO GD PDLRU HIHWLYLGDGH SURFHVVXDO  H WDPEpP SHOR DIDVWDPHQWR GRV

SULYLOpJLRVSURFHVVXDLVGD)D]HQGD3~EOLFD

$VLPSOLILFDomRHFHOHULGDGHVSURFHVVXDLVQRkPELWRGD

-XVWLoD)HGHUDOLPSOLFDUDPQDDSUR[LPDomRGHVWDFRPDVFDPDGDVPHQRV

IDYRUHFLGDV GD SRSXODomR QRWDGDPHQWH DTXHOHV LQGLYtGXRV TXH

QHFHVVLWDPGHDX[tOLRSHFXQLiULRGR(VWDGRSDUDXPDVREUHYLYrQFLDGLJQD

2V UHVXOWDGRV LPHGLDWRV FRPSURYDUDP R VXFHVVR GD

LQLFLDWLYDOHJDO HDXWRPDWLFDPHQWH HVWLPXODUDPRUHGLUHFLRQDPHQWR GDV

GHPDQGDV GH FRPSHWrQFLD GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO GDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV

WUDGLFLRQDLVSDUDRQRYRPLFURVVLVWHPDSURFHVVXDOTXHDWXDOPHQWHUHFHEH

PDLV SURFHVVR GR TXH WRGDV DV RXWUDV YDUDV IHGHUDLV FtYHLV FRPXQV

FULPLQDLVHGHH[HFXomRILVFDO

3DVVDGRV PDLV GH  VHLV DQRV GD LQVWDODomR HIHWLYD

GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SRGHVH FODUDPHQWH FRQFOXLU SHOR VHX

VXFHVVRQRWDGDPHQWHQRTXHVHUHIHUHjFHOHULGDGHSURFHVVXDO(PTXH

SHVHDH[LVWrQFLDGHSUREOHPDVPHQRUHVSHQGHQWHVTXHDLQGDLQWHUIHUHP

QDHIHWLYLGDGHSURFHVVXDOQmRVHSRGHGHVPHUHFHUWUDEDOKRGROHJLVODGRU

HWDPEpP GR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRQD LPSODQWDomRGHVVHQRYRPLFURVVLVWHPD

SURFHVVXDO

'H IDWR R SUHVHQWH HVWXGR GDV HVWDWtVWLFDV RILFLDLV

PRVWUD TXH SHOR PHQRV QR kPELWR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV GH

5HFLIH3( RV SURFHVVRV HQYROYHQGR GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV H TXH WrP VHQWHQoD

IDYRUiYHO DRV SDUWLFXODUHV HVWmR VHQGR ILQDOL]DGRV HP DSUR[LPDGDPHQWH

XP DQR  GLDV HP PpGLD LQFOXVLYH FRP R SDJDPHQWR GR YDORU GD

FRQGHQDomR GHQWUR GHVVH SHUtRGR (P DOJXQV FDVRV TXHVW}HV

SUHYLGHQFLiULDV UHODFLRQDGDV D EHQHItFLRV SRU LQFDSDFLGDGH SRGHP VHU

UHVROYLGDV HP PHQRV GH  PHVHV TXDQGR RFRUUH D FRQFLOLDomR HP

194

DXGLrQFLD RX TXDQGR R ,166 QmR LQWHUS}H UHFXUVR FRQWUDD VHQWHQoD GH

SURFHGrQFLDWHQGRHPYLVWDDLQH[LVWrQFLDGHUHH[DPHQHFHVViULR

( D H[SHULrQFLD PRVWUD TXH LVWR RFRUUH FRP PXLWD

IUHTrQFLD DR FRQWUiULR GR TXH VXFHGLD TXDQGR R GLUHLWR DR EHQHItFLR

SUHYLGHQFLiULRHUDGLVFXWLGRHPDomRRUGLQiULDQDVYDUDVIHGHUDLVVXMHLWD

DRUHH[DPHQHFHVViULRHDRVGHPDLVWUkPLWHVEXURFUiWLFRVRTXHPXLWDV

YH]HVOHYDYDRSURFHVVRDGXUDUDQRV

2 PLFURVVLVWHPD GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV WHP

DPSOR UHVSDOGR QR SULQFtSLR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO GD UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR

SURFHVVRSRVLWLYDGRSHOD(PHQGD&RQVWLWXFLRQDOQRTXDOJR]D

GH HILFiFLD LPHGLDWD WHQGR HP YLVWR R VHX VWDWXV GH GLUHLWRJDUDQWLD

IXQGDPHQWDOQDIRUPDGRGRDUWGD&DUWD3ROtWLFDGH

3RU RXWUR ODGR SRGHVH FRQVLGHUDU TXH R SULQFtSLR GD

FHOHULGDGH SURFHVVXDO Mi VH HQFRQWUDYD SUHVHQWH QR WH[WR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

DQWHV PHVPR GD UHIHULGD HPHQGD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO WHQGR HP YLVWD VXD

DGHTXDomR DR FRQWH~GR QRUPDWLYR GR GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO DR DPSOR

DFHVVRj-XVWLoDRXPHVPRGRGHYLGRSURFHVVROHJDOTXHMiDPSDUDYDPR

GLUHLWR DR SURFHVVR FpOHUH H HIHWLYR DQWHV GD SRVLWLYDomR OHYDGD D HIHLWR

UHFHQWHPHQWH

'DtGHFRUUHTXHGHYHVHUUHFKDoDGDTXDOTXHUWHQWDWLYD

GHGLPLQXLomRGD DEUDQJrQFLDGRV MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLVRXPHVPR

GH DOWHUDomR GH DVSHFWRV QRUPDWLYRV SRQWXDLV TXH SRVVDP UHGX]LU R

SRWHQFLDO GH FHOHULGDGH DWXDOPHQWH LQFUXVWDGR QR PLFURVVLVWHPD

SURFHVVXDO3RGHVHIDODUDWpPHVPRQDH[LVWrQFLDGHXPD³SURLELomRGH

UHWURFHVVR´



 FRQVWLWXFLRQDO TXDQWR j SURWHomR SURFHVVXDO FRQIHULGD DRV

FLGDGmRV HVSHFLDOPHQWH RV KLSRVVXILFLHQWHV SHOR VLVWHPD GRV MXL]DGRV

HVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

'HYHVH OHPEUDU TXH QRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV

DRFRQWUiULRGRTXHVXFHGHQRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVHVWDGXDLVKiXPDIRUWH

GHPDQGDGHGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVQRWDGDPHQWHGRVGLUHLWRVSUHYLGHQFLiULRVH

491

Sobre a proibição do retrocesso, oriunda da tradição jurisprudencial constitucional germânica, Cf. SARLET,

Ingo Wolfgang. A eficácia dos Direitos Fundamentais. 8. ed. Porto Alegre: Livraria do Advogado, 2007, p. 442

e segs.

195

DVVLVWHQFLDLVSRUSDUWHGDVFDPDGDVPHQRVIDYRUHFLGDVGDSRSXODomRGH

IRUPD TXH R VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO QmR SRGH UHWURFHGHU HP WHUPRV GH

UHVXOWDGRV VRE SHQD GH YLRODomR GH GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV EiVLFRV TXH

UHODFLRQDPVH IRUWHPHQWH FRP R SULQFtSLR GD LJXDOGDGH PDWHULDO H

SRUWDQWRFRPDSUySULDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD

3HORFRQWUiULRRVLVWHPDGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLV

DLQGDSRGHVHUDSHUIHLoRDGRHPIDYRUGHXPDDLQGDPDLVFpOHUHSUHVWDomR

MXULVGLFLRQDOQRWDGDPHQWHSRUPHLRGHPHOKRULDVOHJDLVHHVWUXWXUDLVWDLV

FRPR GLPLQXLomR GDV SRVVLELOLGDGHV GH LQWHUSRVLomR GH UHFXUVRV SDUD D

7XUPD1DFLRQDOGH8QLIRUPL]DomRRXSDUDR67-DLQGDSUHYLVWDVSHOD/HL

QUHVWULo}HVPDWHULDLVSDUDDDGPLVVmRGHUHFXUVRVSDUDDV

LQVWkQFLDV QDFLRQDLV FRPR H[ JU D LQVWLWXLomR GH XPD ³UHSHUFXVVmR

JHUDO´ SUHYLVmR GH PDLRU YHUED RUoDPHQWiULD SDUD R SDJDPHQWR GH

SHULWRV PpGLFRV PHOKRULD GD 'HIHQVRULD 3~EOLFD GD 8QLmR LQVWLWXLomR

HVVHQFLDOjIXQomRMXULVGLFLRQDOGR(VWDGRQDIRUPDGLWDSHORDUWGD

&) TXH p FRQGLomR IXQGDPHQWDO SDUD D HIHWLYD GHIHVD MXGLFLDO GRV

KLSRVVXILFLHQWHV SRU PHLR GD FRQWUDWDomR GH XP PDLRU Q~PHUR GH

GHIHQVRUHV S~EOLFRV H WDPEpP SHOD UHHVWUXWXUDomR PDWHULDO GR yUJmR

PDLRUDYDQoR QD PHQWDOLGDGH FRQFLOLDWyULD GRV DGYRJDGRVGD 8QLmRTXH

QmR DFRPSDQKDUDP R SHUILO FRQFLOLDGRU H DOWDPHQWH HORJLiYHO GRV

SURFXUDGRUHVGR,166RXGRVDGYRJDGRVGD&DL[D(FRQ{PLFD)HGHUDO

$SHVDUGDVLPSHUIHLo}HVDLQGDH[LVWHQWHVRVUHVXOWDGRV

DQDOLVDGRVLQGLFDPTXHRIRUWDOHFLPHQWRGRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVp

R ³FDPLQKR FHUWR´ D VHJXLU SDUD XPD PHOKRU SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO QR

kPELWRGD-XULVGLomR)HGHUDO

( R H[HPSOR GRV MXL]DGRV HVSHFLDLV IHGHUDLV SRGH VHU

VHJXLGRSHORVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVHVWDGXDLVSULQFLSDOPHQWHSHODDGPLVVmR

GD)D]HQGD3~EOLFDFRPRUpDVHUIHLWDPHGLDQWHDOWHUDomROHJLVODWLYDH

SHODXWLOL]DomRGHPRGHUQRVVLVWHPDVGHLQIRUPiWLFDHPSUROGDFHOHULGDGH

HGHVEXURFUDWL]DomRGRSURFHVVR

2VMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVSRUWDQWRFRQVLVWHPHP

VLVWHPD SURFHVVXDO DGHTXDGR DR DWHQGLPHQWR QR kPELWR GD -XVWLoD

196

)HGHUDO GD JDUDQWLD IXQGDPHQWDO GD UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR

FRQIRUPHSUHYLVmRH[SUHVVDGRDUW/;;9,,,GD&RQVWLWXLomR)HGHUDO

( D UD]RiYHO GXUDomR GR SURFHVVR WHP JUDQGH

LPSRUWkQFLDQRVSURFHVVRVTXHHQYROYHPRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLVIXQGDPHQWDLV

WHQGR HP YLVWD D ILQDOLGDGH HVSHFtILFD GHVVHV GLUHLWRV TXH p D GH

HTXDOL]DomRGDVGHVLJXDOGDGHVKXPDQDV~QLFRPHLRGHVHDWLQJLURSOHQR

GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHXPDFRPXQLGDGHSROtWLFDMXVWDIXQGDGDQRSULQFtSLR

GDGLJQLGDGHKXPDQD



197



5HIHUrQFLDV



$$51,2 $XOLV 'HUHFKR 5DFLRQDOLGDG \ &RPXQLFDFLyQ 6RFLDO (QVD\RV

VREUH )LORVRILD 'HO 'HUHFKR 0p[LFR ') 'LVWULEXLFLRQHV )RQWDPDUD





$/(;<5REHUW7HRUtDGHORV'HUHFKRV)XQGDPHQWDOHV&HQWURGH(VWXGLRV

&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV0DGUL



BBBBBBBBBBBBBB 7HRUtD GHO 'LVFXUVR \ 'HUHFKRV &RQVWLWXFLRQDOHV

0p[LFR')'LVWULEXFLRQHV)RQWDPDUD



BBBBBBBBBBBBBB&RQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR'LVFXUVLYR7UDG/XtV$IRQVR+HFN

3RUWR$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGR



$/9(6)UDQFLVFR*ODXEHU3HVVRD$HIHWLYLGDGHFRPRD[LRORJLDSUHPLVVD

REULJDWyULD SDUD XP SURFHVVR FpOHUH ,Q )8= /XL] 1(5< -U 1HOVRQ

:$0%,(5 7HUHVD $UUXGD $OYLP FRRUGV 3URFHVVR H &RQVWLWXLomR

HVWXGRV HP KRPHQDJHP DR SURIHVVRU -RVp &DUORV %DUERVD 0RUHLUD 6mR

3DXOR57S



$/9,0 (GXDUGR $UUXGD  &XUVR GH 'LUHLWR 3URFHVVXDO &LYLO 9RO  6mR

3DXOR57



$/9,0 - ( &DUUHLUD -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV )HGHUDLV )RUHQVH 5LR GH

-DQHLUR



$/9,0-(&DUUHLUD-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV&tYHLV(VWDGXDLV /HL 

&XULWLED-XUXi



$/9,0-(&DUUHLUD$/9,0/XFLDQD*RQWLMR&DUUHLUD&RPHQWiULRVj/HL

GRVMXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVIHGHUDLVFtYHLV&XULWLED-XUXi



$1'5$'( -RVp &DUORV 9LHLUD GH 2V 'LUHLWRV )XQGDPHQWDLV QD

&RQVWLWXLomR3RUWXJXHVDGHHG&RLPEUD$OPHGLQD



$1'5$'(-RVp&DUORV9LHLUDGH2V'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLVQR6pFXOR;;,

'LVSRQtYHO HP  KWWSZZZJHRUJHOLPD[SJFRPEUDQGUDGHSGI!

$FHVVRHP



$33,2(GXDUGR&RQWUROHMXGLFLDOGDVSROtWLFDVS~EOLFDVQR%UDVLO&XULWLED

-XUXi



$5$1*25RGROIR'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLV6RFLDLV-XVWLoD&RQVWLWXFLRQDOH

'HPRFUDFLD5HYLVWDGR0LQLVWpULR3~EOLFRGR5LR*UDQGHGR6XOQS

3RUWR$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGRVHWGH]

198



$5$Ò-2 (XJrQLR 5RVD GH 2 SULQFtSLR GD UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO H

SRQGHUDomR FRP UHJUDV D HOH SHUWLQHQWHV YLDJHP QD LUUHDOLGDGH GR

FRWLGLDQRILQDQFHLUR5HYLVWDGD6HomR-XGLFLiULDGR5LRGH-DQHLURQ

S



%$5$&+2 -RVp $OIUHGR GH 2OLYHLUD -XULVGLomR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO GD

/LEHUGDGH ,Q 6$03$,2 -RVp $GpUFLR /HLWH FRRUG -XULVGLomR

&RQVWLWXFLRQDOH'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLV%HOR+RUL]RQWH'HO5H\S





%$5&(//26 $QD 3DXOD GH %$55262 /XtV 5REHUWR 2 FRPHoR GD

+LVWyULD D QRYD LQWHUSUHWDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO H R SDSHO GRV SULQFtSLRV QR

GLUHLWR EUDVLOHLUR ,Q ,QWHUSUHWDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO 6,/9$ 9LUJtOLR $IRQVR

GDRUJ6mR3DXOR0DOKHLURVS



%$5&(//26 $QD 3DXOD GH $OJXQV SDUkPHWURV QRUPDWLYRV SDUD D

SRQGHUDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO ,Q %$55262 /XtV 5REHUWR RUJ $ QRYD

LQWHUSUHWDomRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOSRQGHUDomRGLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLVHUHODo}HV

SULYDGDVHG5LRGH-DQHLUR5HQRYDUS



%$55262/XtV5REHUWR,QWHUSUHWDomRHDSOLFDomRGD&RQVWLWXLomRHG

6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB )XQGDPHQWRV 7HyULFRV H )LORVyILFRV GR 1RYR 'LUHLWR

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO %UDVLOHLUR 3yVPRGHUQLGDGH WHRULD FUtWLFD H SyV

SRVLWLYLVPR ,Q %$55262 /XtV 5REHUWR RUJ $ QRYD LQWHUSUHWDomR

FRQVWLWXFLRQDO SRQGHUDomRGLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV HUHODo}HV SULYDGDV

HG5LRGH-DQHLUR5HQRYDU



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 1HRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR H FRQVWLWXFLRQDOL]DomR GR

GLUHLWR 5HYLVWD GH 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO H ,QWHUQDFLRQDO 6mR 3DXOR 57

DQRQSMDQPDU



%$558)),1, )UHGHULFR /LVHUUH 3RVVLELOLGDGH GH HIHWLYDomR GR GLUHLWR j

UD]RiYHOGXUDomRGRSURFHVVR5HYLVWDGH3URFHVVR6mR3DXORDQRQ

SVHW



%$<Ï1-XDQ&DUORV'HUHFKRVGHPRFUDFLD\FRQVWLWXFLRQ'LVSRQtYHOHP

KWWSGHVFDUJDVFHUYDQWHVYLUWXDOFRPVHUYOHW6LUYH2EUDVGR[D

GLVFXVLRQHV9ROBSGI!$FHVVRHP



%,*2/,1 *LRYDQL $ UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO FRPR OLPLWH j HILFiFLD H

HIHWLYLGDGH GRV GLUHLWRV VRFLDLV 5HYLVWD GR 0LQLVWpULR 3~EOLFR Q 

PDLVHW3RUWR$OHJUH



%2%%,21RUEHUWR$(UDGRV'LUHLWRV5LRGH-DQHLUR&DPSXV



199

%2%%,21RUEHUWR7HRULDGR2UGHQDPHQWR-XUtGLFRHG%UDVtOLD81%





%2&+(1(. $QW{QLR &pVDU &RPSHWrQFLD &tYHO GD -XVWLoD )HGHUDO H GRV

-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV6mR3DXOR57



%21$9,'(6 3DXOR &XUVR GH GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO  HG 6mR 3DXOR

0DOKHLURV



%21$9,'(63DXOR'R(VWDGROLEHUDODR(VWDGR6RFLDOHG6mR3DXOR

0DOKHLURV



&Æ0$5$ $OH[DQGUH )UHLWDV  -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV FtYHLV HVWDGXDLV H

IHGHUDLV XPD DERUGDJHP FUtWLFD  5LR GH -DQHLUR (GLWRUD /XPHQ -XULV





&$0%, (GXDUGR 1HRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR H QHRSURFHVVXDOLVPR ,Q )8=

/XL] 1(5< -U 1HOVRQ :$0%,(5 7HUHVD $UUXGD $OYLP FRRUGV

3URFHVVRH&RQVWLWXLomRHVWXGRVHPKRPHQDJHPDRSURIHVVRU-RVp&DUORV

%DUERVD0RUHLUD6mR3DXOR57S



&$127,/+2--*RPHV'LUHLWRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOH7HRULD GD&RQVWLWXLomR

HG&RLPEUD$OPHGLQD



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (VWXGRV VREUH 'LUHLWRV )XQGDPHQWDLV &RLPEUD

&RLPEUD(GLWRUD



&$33(//(77, 0DXUR 3UREOHPDV GH UHIRUPD GR SURFHVVR FLYLO QDV

VRFLHGDGHVFRQWHPSRUkQHDV5HYLVWDGH3URFHVVRDQMDQPDU





&$33(//(77,0DXUR*$57+%U\DQW$FHVVRj-XVWLoD7UDG(OOHQ*UDFLH

1RUWKIOHHW3RUWR$OHJUH6HUJLR)DEULV(GLWRU



&+,0(17,5LFDUGR&XQKD7HRULD H SUiWLFDGRV MXL]DGRVHVSHFLDLVFtYHLV

HG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



&,175$ $QW{QLR &DUORV GH $UD~MR *5,129(5 $GD 3HOOHJULQL

',0$0$5&2 &kQGLGR 5DQJHO 7HRULD *HUDO GR 3URFHVVR  HG

0DOKHLURV6mR3DXOR



&,77$',12 *LVHOH 3OXUDOLVPR 'LUHLWR H -XVWLoD 'LVWULEXWLYD (OHPHQWRV

GD )LORVRILD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO &RQWHPSRUkQHD  HG /XPHQ -XULV 5LR GH

-DQHLUR



&203$5$72)iELR.RQGHU$ DILUPDomR KLVWyULFD GRV'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV

HG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



200

&267$)OiYLR'LQRGH&DVWURH$IXQomRUHDOL]DGRUDGR3RGHU-XGLFLiULRH

D UHDOL]DomR GDV SROtWLFDV S~EOLFDV QR %UDVLO  5HYLVWD 'LUHLWR )HGHUDO D

Q%UDVtOLD$-8)(RXWGH]S



&267$<YHWH)OiYLRGD628=$3HWHUVRQGH$HIHWLYLGDGHGR3URFHVVR

QRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV 5HYLVWD 'LUHLWR )HGHUDO DQS

%UDVtOLD$-8)(MDQPDU



&81+$/HRQDUGR-RVp&DUQHLURGD$)D]HQGD3~EOLFDHPMXt]RHG6mR

3DXOR'LDOpWLFD



'$17$6 )UHGHULFR :LOGVRQ /DFHUGD 8QLYHUVDOLVPR YHUVXV UHODWLYLVPR

FXOWXUDODDILUPDomRXQLYHUVDOGRVGLUHLWRVKXPDQRVQRkPELWRGR'LUHLWR

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO,QWHUQDFLRQDO5HYLVWDGD(VFRODGD0DJLVWUDWXUD)HGHUDOGD

5HJLmRQPDU



BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB)UHGHULFR:LOGVRQ/DFHUGD2SULQFtSLRFRQVWLWXFLRQDO

GDLQDIDVWDELOLGDGHHVWXGR FRP HQIRTXHQR DWLYLVPRMXGLFLDO5HYLVWD GD

(VFRODGD0DJLVWUDWXUD)HGHUDOGH3HUQDPEXFR5HFLIH75)GD5HJLmR

QSPDU



',028/,6 'LPLWUL 0$57,16 /HRQDUGR 7HRULD *HUDO GRV 'LUHLWRV

)XQGDPHQWDLV6mR3DXOR57



',1$0$5&2 &kQGLGR 5DQJHO  0DQXDO GRV -XL]DGRV &tYHLV   HG 6mR

3DXOR0DOKHLURV



BBBBBBBBBBBBBB $ LQVWUXPHQWDOLGDGH GR SURFHVVR  HG 6mR 3DXOR

0DOKHLURV



',33(/+RUVW&RQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPRPRGHUQR,QWURGXFFWLyQDXPD+LVWRULD

TXH QHFHVLWD VHU HVFULWD 'LVSRQtYHO HP 

KWWSKFUHGLULVHVDUWLFXORVKWPOQXPHURKWPO! $FHVVR HP





',33(/ +RUVW +LVWyULD GR &RQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR 0RGHUQR QRYDV

SHUVSHFWLYDV/LVERD)XQGDomR&DORXVWH*XOEHQNLDQ



)$&+,1 /XtV (GVRQ 'HIHVD GD &RQVWLWXLomR &RUWHV 6XSUHPDV H (VWDGR

6RFLDO'HPRFUiWLFR5HYLVWDGD(VFROD1DFLRQDOGD0DJLVWUDWXUDDQR,,Q

SDEU



)(55$=2FWiYLR/XL]0RWWD'LUHLWRjVD~GHHVFDVVH]HR-XGLFLiULR)ROKD

GH6mR3DXOR6mR3DXORDJR2SLQLmR&DGHUQR$



)(55< /XF $SUHQGHU D YLYHU ILORVRILD SDUDRV QRYRV WHPSRV 2EMHWLYD

5LRGH-DQHLUR



201

)5,6&+(,6(1/Xt]D&ULVWLQD)RQVHFD$&RQVWLWXLomR%UDVLOHLUDGHH

DMXVWLFLDELOLGDGHGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV5HYLVWD'LUHLWR)HGHUDODQ

%UDVtOLD$-8)(RXWGH]S



*$5&,$ (PHUVRQ 3ULQFtSLR GD 6HSDUDomR GRV 3RGHUHV RV yUJmRV

MXULVGLFLRQDLVHDFRQFUHomRGRVGLUHLWRVVRFLDLV5HYLVWD'LUHLWR)HGHUDOD

Q%UDVtOLD$-8)(RXWGH]S



*5(&2 /HRQDUGR $ UHIRUPD GR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR H R DFHVVR j MXVWLoD

5HYLVWD 'LDOpWLFD GH 'LUHLWR 3URFHVVXDO Q  6mR 3DXOR 'LDOpWLFD

MXQS



*5(&2),/+29LFHQWH'LUHLWRSURFHVVXDOFLYLOEUDVLOHLUR9HG6mR

3DXOR6DUDLYD



+$*( -RUJH  2PLVVmR LQFRQVWLWXFLRQDO H 'LUHLWR 6XEMHWLYR %UDVtOLD

%UDVtOLD-XUtGLFD



+b%(5/( 3HWHU +HUPHQrXWLFD FRQVWLWXFLRQDO 7UDG *LOPDU )HUUHLUD

0HQGHV3RUWR$OHJUH6HUJLR)DEULV(GLWRU



+b%(5/( 3HWHU 1RYRV KRUL]RQWHV H GHVDILRV GR FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

5HYLVWD GH 'LUHLWR GR (VWDGR 5LR GH -DQHLUR DQR  Q  S 

DEUMXQ



+$%(50$6 -UJHQ $ FRQVWHODomR SyVQDFLRQDO HQVDLRV SROtWLFRV 7UDG

0iUFLR6HOLJPDQQ6LOYD6mR3DXOR/LWWHUD0XQGL



+(66(.RQUDG$ IRUoDQRUPDWLYD GD FRQVWLWXLomR 7UDG*LOPDU)HUUHLUD

0HQGHV3RUWR$OHJUH6HUJLR)DEULV(GLWRU



.5(// $QGUHDV - 'LUHLWRV VRFLDLV H FRQWUROH MXGLFLDO QR %UDVLO H QD

$OHPDQKD RV GHVFDPLQKRV GH XP GLUHLWR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO FRPSDUDGR

3RUWR$OHJUH6HUJLR)DEULV



.2(+/(5)UHGHULFR$XJXVWR/HRSROGLQR2SULQFtSLRGDUD]RiYHOGXUDomR

GR SURFHVVR SURSRVWDV SDUD VXD FRQFUHWL]DomR QDV GHPDQGDV FtYHLV

'LVVHUWDomR GH 0HVWUDGR DSUHVHQWDGD MXQWR j )DFXOGDGH GH 'LUHLWR GD

8)3(5HFLIHDSURYDGDHP



/(,9$6 3DXOR *LOEHUWR &RJR 7HRULD GRV 'LUHLWRV )XQGDPHQWDLV 6RFLDLV

3RUWR$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGR



/,0$ *HRUJH 0DUPHOVWHLQ 3URWHomR -XGLFLDO GRV 'LUHLWRV )XQGDPHQWDLV

GLiORJR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO HQWUH R %UDVLO H D $OHPDQKD 'LVSRQtYHO HP

KWWSZZZJHRUJHPOLPD[SJFRPEUDOHPDQKDSGI! $FHVVR HP





202

/8f2$QWRQLR+HQULTXH3HUH]/RVGHUHFKRVIXQGDPHQWDOHVHG0DGUL

(GLWRULDO7HFQRV



0$&+$'2 $JDSLWR $ QRYD UHIRUPD GR 3RGHU -XGLFLiULR 5HYLVWD 'LUHLWR

)HGHUDODQ%UDVLOLD%RRNVHOOHUPDUDEUPDLS



0$,$ $QW{QLR &DYDOFDQWL $V WUDQVIRUPDo}HV GRV VLVWHPDV MXUtGLFRV

FRQWHPSRUkQHRV DSRQWDPHQWRV DFHUFD GR QHRFRQVWLWXFLRQDOLVPR

'LVSRQtYHO HP KWWSZZZPXQGRMXULGLFRDGYEU! $FHVVR HP





0$5,121,/XL]*XLOKHUPH7pFQLFD3URFHVVXDOH7XWHODGRV'LUHLWRV6mR

3DXOR57



0$5,121,/XL]*XLOKHUPH7HRULD*HUDOGR 3URFHVVRYROHG6mR

3DXOR57



0$57Ë1(= *UHJRULR 3HFHV%DUED 'HUHFKRV 6RFLDOHV \ 3RVLWLYLVPR

-XUtGLFR(VFULWRVGH)LORVRILD-XUtGLFD\3ROtWLFD0DGUL'\NLQVRQ



0$57Ë1(=*UHJRULR3HFHV%DUED/HFFLRQHVGH'HUHFKRV)XQGDPHQWDOHV

0DGUL'\NLQVRQ



0$57,166HUJLR 3LQWR 'LUHLWR GD 6HJXULGDGH 6RFLDO HG 6mR3DXOR

$WODV



0(//2 &OiXGLR $UL 2V GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV VRFLDLV H R FRQFHLWR GH

GLUHLWR VXEMHWLYR 5HYLVWD GR 0LQLVWpULR 3~EOLFR GR 5LR *UDQGH GR 6XO Q

S3RUWR$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGRVHWGH]



0(1'(6 *LOPDU )HUUHLUD  'LUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV H FRQWUROH GH

FRQVWLWXFLRQDOLGDGHHG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



0(1'(6 *LOPDU )HUUHLUD ,QWHJUDomR 6RFLDO H 3HUVSHFWLYDV GD

'HPRFUDFLD ,Q 6$03$,2 -RVp $GpUFLR /HLWH FRRUG &RQVWLWXLomR H

&ULVH3ROtWLFD%HOR+RUL]RQWH'HO5H\S



0(1'(6 *LOPDU )HUUHLUD &2(/+2 ,QRFrQFLR 0iUWLUHV %5$1&2 3DXOR

*XVWDYR *RQHW %UDQFR +HUPHQrXWLFD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO H 'LUHLWRV

)XQGDPHQWDLV%UDVtOLD%UDVtOLD-XUtGLFD



0,*8(/$OIRQVR5XL]'HUHFKRV OLEHUDOHV \ GHUHFKRV VRFLDOHV 'LVSRQtYHO

HP

KWWSGHVFDUJDVFHUYDQWHVYLUWXDOFRPVHUYOHW6LUYH2EUDVGR[D

FXDGHUQRYRO,,GR[DBSGI! $FHVVR HP





203

025$(6$OH[DQGUH GH'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO HG6mR3DXOR$WODV





025(,5$-RVp&DUORV%DUERVD1RYRSURFHVVRFLYLOEUDVLOHLURHG5LR

GH-DQHLUR)RUHQVH



025(,5$-RVp&DUORV%DUERVD7HPDVGHGLUHLWRSURFHVVXDORLWDYDVpULH

6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



1(5<-Ò1,251HOVRQ 7HRULD *HUDO GRV 5HFXUVRV  HG6mR3DXOR 57





1(5< -Ò1,25 1HOVRQ :$0%,(5 7HUHVD $UUXGD $OYLP FRRUGV

$VSHFWRV SROrPLFRV H DWXDLV GRV UHFXUVRV FtYHLV H GH RXWURV PHLRV GH

LPSXJQDomR jV GHFLV}HV MXGLFLDLV 6pULH DVSHFWRV SROrPLFRV H DWXDLV GRV

UHFXUVRVY6mR3DXOR57



12%5( -U (GtOVRQ 3HUHLUD -XL]DGRV (VSHFLDLV )HGHUDLV 5HYLVWD 'LUHLWR

)HGHUDODQ%UDVtOLD$-8)(RXWGH]S



2/,9(,5$ &DUORV $OEHUWR $OYDUR GH 2 SURFHVVR FLYLO QD SHUVSHFWLYD GRV

GLUHLWRVIXQGDPHQWDLV5HYLVWD)RUHQVH5LRGH-DQHLURDQRYRO

SPDUDEU



2/,9(,5$ 5RGULJR 1DYDUUR GH $ DYDOLDomR GH SURGXWLYLGDGH GRV MXt]HV

IHGHUDLV H DV FDXVDV OLPLWDGRUDV GD SUHVWDomR MXULVGLFLRQDO 5HYLVWD GR

&HQWURVGH (VWXGRV-XGLFLiULRV GR &RQVHOKRGD -XVWLoD)HGHUDO DQR;Q

SPDU



3(5(,5$*XLOKHUPH%ROORULQL3HUHLUD-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV)HGHUDLV&tYHLV

5LRGH-DQHLUR/XPHQ-XULV



3(5(,5$ -DQH 5HLV *RQoDOYHV ,QWHUSUHWDomR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO H 'LUHLWRV

)XQGDPHQWDLV5LRGH-DQHLUR5HQRYDU



3(5(,5$ -DQH 5HLV *RQoDOYHV $SRQWDPHQWRV VREUH D DSOLFDomR GDV

QRUPDV GH GLUHLWR IXQGDPHQWDO QDV UHODo}HV MXUtGLFDV HQWUH SDUWLFXODUHV

,Q %$55262 /XtV 5REHUWR RUJ $ QRYD LQWHUSUHWDomR FRQVWLWXFLRQDO

SRQGHUDomR GLUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV H UHODo}HV SULYDGDV  HG 5LR GH

-DQHLUR5HQRYDUS



3,29(6$1 )OiYLD 'LUHLWRV +XPDQRV H R 'LUHLWR &RQVWLWXFLRQDO

,QWHUQDFLRQDOHG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



5$026$QGUpGH&DUYDOKR3URFHVVR,QWHUQDFLRQDOGH'LUHLWRV+XPDQRV

DQiOLVH GRV VLVWHPDV GH DSXUDomR GH YLRODo}HV GH GLUHLWRV KXPDQRV H D

LPSOHPHQWDomRGDVGHFLV}HVQR%UDVLO5LRGH-DQHLUR5HQRYDU



204

5$026&DUORV(QULTXH$SURPHVVDGHGXUDomRUD]RiYHOGRSURFHVVRHR

'LUHLWR3URFHVVXDO3~EOLFR5HYLVWD 'LDOpWLFD GH 'LUHLWR 3URFHVVXDOQ

6mR3DXOR'LDOpWLFDQRYS



5(,1$/'2)LOKR'HPyFULWR5DPRV-XL]DGRV(VSHFLDLV&tYHLVFRPHQWiULRV

j/HLQHG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



5(=(.-RVp)UDQFLVFR'LUHLWR LQWHUQDFLRQDO S~EOLFRFXUVRHOHPHQWDU

HG6mR3DXOR6DUDLYD



52&+$&iUPHQ/~FLD$QWXQHV5RFKD2PtQLPRH[LVWHQFLDOHRSULQFtSLR

GD UHVHUYD GR SRVVtYHO 5HYLVWD /DWLQR$PHULFDQD GH (VWXGRV

&RQVWLWXFLRQDLV%HOR+RUL]RQWHQSMDQMXQ



52&+$&HVDU$VIRU-XVWLoDGHTXDOLGDGH)ROKDGH6mR3DXOR6mR3DXOR

VHW2SLQLmRS$



52&+$ 'DQLHO 0DFKDGR GD FRRUG  7HPDV $WXDLV GH 'LUHLWR

3UHYLGHQFLiULRH$VVLVWHQFLDO3RUWR$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGR



52&+$'DQLHO0DFKDGRGD6$9$5,6-RVp$QWRQLRFRRUGV&XUVRGH

(VSHFLDOL]DomR HP 'LUHLWR 3UHYLGHQFLiULR 'LUHLWR 3UHYLGHQFLiULR

&RQVWLWXFLRQDO9RO&XULWLED-XUXi(GLWRUD



6$/'$1+$ 1HOVRQ )RUPDomR GD 7HRULD &RQVWLWXFLRQDO  HG 5LR GH

-DQHLUR5HQRYDU



6$1726 *XVWDYR )HUUHLUD 'LUHLWRV IXQGDPHQWDLV H SUpFRQGLo}HV GD

GHPRFUDFLD 5HYLVWD GD (VFROD GD 0DJLVWUDWXUD )HGHUDO GR 75) GD 

5HJLmR5HFLIH75)GD5HJLmRQSDJR



6$1726 )LOKR 2UODQGR 9HQkQFLR GRV$ GRJPDWL]DomR GD DPSOD GHIHVD

yELFH j HIHWLYLGDGH GR SURFHVVR 5LR GH -DQHLUR (GLWRUD /XPHQ -XULV





6$5/(7,QJR:ROIJDQJ$HILFiFLDGRV'LUHLWRV)XQGDPHQWDLVHG3RUWR

$OHJUH/LYUDULDGR$GYRJDGR



6,/9$-RVp$IRQVRGD6LOYD$SOLFDELOLGDGHGDV1RUPDV&RQVWLWXFLRQDLV

HG6mR3DXOR0DOKHLURV



6,/9$-RVp$IRQVRGD6LOYD&XUVRGH'LUHLWR&RQVWLWXFLRQDO3RVLWLYR

HG6mR3DXOR0DOKHLURV



7$9$5(6$QGUp5DPRV&XUVRGH'LUHLWR&RQVWLWXFLRQDOHG6mR3DXOR

6DUDLYD



Livros Grátis
( http://www.livrosgratis.com.br )
 
Milhares de Livros para Download:
 
Baixar livros de Administração
Baixar livros de Agronomia
Baixar livros de Arquitetura
Baixar livros de Artes
Baixar livros de Astronomia
Baixar livros de Biologia Geral
Baixar livros de Ciência da Computação
Baixar livros de Ciência da Informação
Baixar livros de Ciência Política
Baixar livros de Ciências da Saúde
Baixar livros de Comunicação
Baixar livros do Conselho Nacional de Educação - CNE
Baixar livros de Defesa civil
Baixar livros de Direito
Baixar livros de Direitos humanos
Baixar livros de Economia
Baixar livros de Economia Doméstica
Baixar livros de Educação
Baixar livros de Educação - Trânsito
Baixar livros de Educação Física
Baixar livros de Engenharia Aeroespacial
Baixar livros de Farmácia
Baixar livros de Filosofia
Baixar livros de Física
Baixar livros de Geociências
Baixar livros de Geografia
Baixar livros de História
Baixar livros de Línguas

Baixar livros de Literatura
Baixar livros de Literatura de Cordel
Baixar livros de Literatura Infantil
Baixar livros de Matemática
Baixar livros de Medicina
Baixar livros de Medicina Veterinária
Baixar livros de Meio Ambiente
Baixar livros de Meteorologia
Baixar Monografias e TCC
Baixar livros Multidisciplinar
Baixar livros de Música
Baixar livros de Psicologia
Baixar livros de Química
Baixar livros de Saúde Coletiva
Baixar livros de Serviço Social
Baixar livros de Sociologia
Baixar livros de Teologia
Baixar livros de Trabalho
Baixar livros de Turismo
 
 