vi
ABSTRACT
BORGES, Luís Antônio Coimbra. Technical and legal aspects that justify the
establishment of permanent preservation areas. 2008. 192 p. Thesis
(Doctorate in Forestry Science) - Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG.
1
The Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), the main protected area
instituted by law in Brazil, were created by the Forestry Code (Law 4.771/65).
Due to their ecological importance and supply of environmental goods and
services to mankind, APP are technically recognized as areas that should be
preserved. However, there is not a univocal perception on this point, as a matter
of fact there is a divergent understanding with relationship to their objectives.
This research aimed to analyze the technical and legal aspects that justify the
institution of APP foreseen in the art. 2nd of the Forest Code of 1965 (water
stream, reservoirs, water springs, hill tops, hillsides, sandbanks, dunes,
mangrove, edge of plateaus and areas above 1800m of altitude) and those
delivered by CONAMA 303/02 Resolution (APP associated to the fauna
protection). It was concluded that: there are lacks in the federal law, what allows
interpretations contrary to the spirit of the law. Many of these interpretations that
are divergent of the spirit of the Law are due to linguistic preciosity and the
distorted use of the hermeneutic; APP should be preserved and, in case of their
degradation, the legislation clearly establish that, it doesn't matter the cause of
the environmental damage, the environmental liability should be healed;
CONAMA, in the lack of the executive's specific regulation, regulated APP in
reservoirs, sandbanks, swamps, dunes, hill tops and plateau edges; CONAMA
cannot edit norms that thwarts the federal laws, however it is legally
competent to regulate them; APP in urban areas present many conflicts and, in
the attempt of solving the problems, the county master plan seeks to order the
occupation and the preservation of the environment in those areas; the
implementation of APP are subdivided in four types, according to the general
purpose: 1st, the ones that protect the hydrologic resources; 2nd, the ones that
protect the soil; 3rd, the ones that protect the coastal environment; and 4th, the
ones that protect the fauna; the variation of nomenclature and of objectives of
APP cause conflicts and misunderstandings. It is recommended the adoption of
words or expressions that do not allow double interpretation. It is recommended,
for example, the use of “intervention” instead of “suppression” and “area”
instead of “forest”; the implementation of APP along the water stream, legally,
1 Advising Comitte: José Luiz Pereira de Rezende (Adviser) - UFLA, José Aldo Alves Pereira –
UFLA, Sebastião Renato Valverde - UFV, Antônio Carlos da Silva Zanzini – UFLA, Renato Luiz
Grisi Macedo – UFLA.