Âmbito Hospitalar
Ano XIX • nº 181 • Nov.Dez/2006 • 5
HBV. Em relação ao HIV, o entecavir e o
adefovir possuem uma baixa probabili-
dade de induzirem resistência e podem
ser utilizados na mesma terapia combi-
nada. Outra opção de tratamento para
pacientes co-infectados com a função
imune preservada, é a terapia combina-
da para a hepatite B com tenofovir e la-
mivudina ou emtricitabina (Shire &
Sherman, 2005).
A terapia de escolha tem sido a lami-
vudina que é oralmente administrada. No
entanto as taxas de resistência à lamivu-
dina em monoterapia são de 50% após 2
anos de tratamento e de 90% após 4
anos, sugerindo que a lamivudina deve
ser utilizada agora em terapia combina-
da com análogos mais modernos (Benha-
mou et al. 1999). As taxas de resistência
ao tenofovir são baixas, no entanto mais
dados são necessários para saber quando
esse medicamento deve ser utilizado em
monoterapia para o tratamento da hepa-
tite B. Um estudo recente com dois gru-
pos de pacientes co-infectados HBV-HIV
(um com pacientes virgens de tratamen-
to para a lamivudina e o outro que já ha-
viam utilizado esse medicamento) reve-
lou que a terapia combinada de tenofo-
vir e lamivudina como parte do trata-
mento anti-retroviral foi superior na su-
pressão do DNA do HBV quando os mes-
mos medicamentos eram utilizados sozi-
nhos, não fazendo parte da terapia com-
binada. É recomendado testes de quanti-
ficação do DNA do HBV e do HIV em pa-
cientes co-infectados que estão em tra-
tamento antiviral a cada três meses. De-
ve-se suspeitar clinicamente de resistên-
cia do HBV se a carga viral do paciente
for superior a 1-log na base 10. A resis-
tência do HBV à todas as terapias podem
ser confirmadas através de genotipagem
e/ou seqüenciamento do gene da poli-
merase do HBV. Mutações relacionadas
ao IFN ainda não foram identificada
(Levy & Grant, 2006).
CONCLUSÃO
A co-infecção HBV-HIV é comum
mundialmente. Vários análogos de nu-
cleos(t)ídeos são utilizados como parte
da terapia anti-retroviral combinada. Os
anti-retrovirais devem ser selecionados
e monitorados para minimizar o risco de
desenvolvimento de resistência tanto
para o HBV quanto para o HIV. Dadas as
rápidas taxas de mutações na polimera-
se do HBV e a freqüência com que estas
ocorrem, o uso da terapia combinada é
mais benéfico para os pacientes.
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INFECTOLOGIA
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