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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO TOCANTINS
CAMPUS UNIVERSITÁRIO DE PALMAS
MESTRADO EM CIÊNCIAS DO AMBIENTE
MARCOS CLODOALDO MORAIS GARCIA
FATORES AMBIENTAIS RELACIONADOS À NIDIFICAÇÃO DE PODOCNEMIS
EXPANSA, NO RIO JAVAÉS, ENTORNO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO
ARAGUAIA, TOCANTINS.
PALMAS
2006
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MARCOS CLODOALDO MORAIS GARCIA
FATORES AMBIENTAIS RELACIONADOS À NIDIFICAÇÃO DE PODOCNEMIS
EXPANSA, NO RIO JAVAÉS, ENTORNO DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO
ARAGUAIA, TOCANTINS.
Dissertação apresentada ao curso de Pós-
Graduação em Ciências do Ambiente da
Universidade Federal do Tocantins, como
requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em
Ciências do Ambiente.
Por: Marcos Clodoaldo Morais Garcia
Orientadora: Prof.ª Dr.ª Adriana Malvasio
PALMAS
2006
Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação (CIP)
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Bibliotecário: Paulo Roberto Moreira de Almeida
CRB-2 / 1118
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TERMO DE APROVAÇÃO
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AGRADECIMENTOS
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O?8:G#
PHCQ5?  " :#
)5?  RKF
#
:.4.!"!4
 )G!5+7"7=47 5, !F))G
)0 ) ) G  I F
)#
))E#
S6)4GIM
/T#
4(3&#
SUMÁRIO
LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES######################################################################################## 
RESUMO################################################################################################################### D
ABSTRACT############################################################################################################### D
1 INTRODUÇÃO###################################################################################################### 3
2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA################################################################################# U
3 OBJETIVOS########################################################################################################## &V
V#3747W514#################################################################################################### &V
4 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS###################################################################################### &
#3:GP7########################################################################## &
#&*+GEE,######################################################## &U
#V4+!F,############################################### &U
#5".!############################################################################### &(
#U6!####################################################################################### &(
#(7E########################################################################################### &(
#X+,###################################################### &X
#>CF+,################################################################## &>
#<7F################################################################################# &>
5 RESULTADOS###################################################################################################### V'
U#3")547EV'
U#& I4V&
U#V ICF4VV
U# I%")51V
U#U I")51VX
U#(0*V<
6 DISCUSSÃO######################################################################################################### V
(#3")547")#V
(#&")%46)#U
(#V ICFF0*#>
7 CONCLUSÕES##################################################################################################### U3
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS######################################################################### U&
APÊNDICES (U
vii
LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES
"3-7D)E I# &X
"&-7D) ICF4.!# &>
"V- ")547E8
15IP. expansa 4!
4# V'
"- I!32&2
4EP. expansa. V&
"U- I!32&2
4V*P. expansa. VV
"(- CF#4.! V
"X - I%+Y,E")+Z,
5Podocnemis expansa. "
CE+,")5# VU
"> - I%+Y,E")+Y,
5  1  Podocnemis expansa.   *G 
CE+,")5# V(
" < - I  ")  5  1 
Podocnemis expansa. "*GE
")5+,*# V>
" 3' - I  ")  5  1 
Podocnemis expansa.    "  "0 E +*
".!)E&'',
")5+,# V>
"33-0*Podocnemis expansa. V<
"3&- I*$7E
4")547")
5Podocnemis expansa. V
"3V- I7F+E,#
4")547")
5P. expansa. 
" 3 - I  *$   4
")  5 % E 4 7
")5Podocnemis expansa.!# U
viii
"3U- I7F+E,#
4")%547
")5# X
"3(- ICFF**# <
"3X- I7F$CFF0
*# U'
)3-:GP7 &
I3-")5EP. expansa 
4!4# V3
I&-")5E P. expansa 
4!4#
V3
IV/%+Y,E")+Z,5
1Podocnemis expansa. VU
I/E")51
Podocnemis expansa
V(
IU/")51 Podocnemis expansa.
5".!)E&''#
V<
I(/))
'
IX/ C*
'
I>/ C*3
I</C4*3
I3'/C*E)E&
ix
RESUMO
Podocnemis expansa +!//GQ,     )
(')#1E)
/ N  D))E# 7E
H)P. expansa
) !  )N E
!!)[F
)P. expansa. 
  ! 0 )+! ) ,  
 !+5E?/7",#
!<+!&'',)
  )# 7 !  )F     
# ).G3&E
!I)
!)#G
 ) !I F  
)F)!N
)!)#1
F#LI))
D)
#  )   EI)0 )) ! 
!   )  V  !  ) 
))NV)#)!3X3
   ![   +X(&!=\!, V' G   
![)&<3UG)
)&&# )E!
!)D
)#I
))
E#LI!
))F
!!![#
/E$Podocnemis expansa)!#
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ABSTRACT
Podocnemis expansa+ G,]KE
('K#"E\]!E)EK
D)]KE#"E]\KE
  EE!   P. expansa   E )  E
EKE!EE)E
E!E)E!KEE)E
EEEKP. expansa#"EE))!
EE+!),E)E
\ !+?5/4",#"EK]\)<
K+ !4)1&'',E#5
!4)E!)E1E
))#  E E3& EK ]  E
!)EK)]
!E))# )E)
GEKEEE
))E]!EK]E)
EE]EE!E!E!E#"E
#"E)E)]E))
]EEDEE)EK
E!!#^EE)EE]E
G+E\,EVG)
EVKE#5E!EE3X3)]!E
!]+X(&!=\!,V'E!E
E]E&<)]!3UEEE)E]E&&
)]!#5]EE\]E!E)]EE
))]!EEE
# KEEE)!]E
!))E!EE#
"E!!)]!EEE)E!E\
EEE\  ]E!
!#
RK/]$Podocnemis expansa, E)]!!
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1 INTRODUÇÃO
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)IM0F"
)?M)
+65"L 6*M"67?? %3<>,#)!
J  )  Q  )    )
)) )
))0F+E,
)  J   )  )    )
)G)#
F))
!0I!)D&)HI)
I!E+65"L 6*M"67?? %3<>,#
!+764"M? 6?1%63<><,! 4
P!!5E4KE1W#
 !0 Podocnemis ) )  ) 
 4)!)[Q
G)))GQ+5?  3<><,#
Podocnemis expansa +!//GQ,    )
3<(X#1E/N
D))E)
!)E
  )# ).   / 
)  E  8G E  !
H))) ))
)+P*% M :L13<>&,#
P. expansa )  ) )  )D
+65"L 6*M"67?? %3<>,#4)F)G
 GQ!!) +8 _1:55&''3,#4!
+1:5 3<<(,)D)
  ) I$ !!  I!   )
)E
1
E# 1)F   )
3''DF+5?  3<><,#
 )D U' +764"M ? 6?1%6 3<><,)
)!)+766756 %516M
 4"61&'',#
*766756 %516+&''V, !
7" Podocnemis unifilis  D 
!   # 7     ) ).
N)DH
D !# 7  .!    
)#
EP. expansa P. unifilis!
)    5E  ?   )0 
Q)!.!H!
 !        F  #
) )!I   E   
)N    )   )  J)
)  )     
+766756 %516M 4"61&''V,#
6 *1 +&''3,      ! +, ) 
))!)G#7
E))
J'#*!//GQ)
F#
4!766756 %516+&''V, !)
N
!/GQ))#1
!5?  E+I
),)!!
#
4!6747*7M%65M1667 +3<<U,0
)! 
)#4!))G
2
!)
#)
)F!)!#7
)ID
 E HI    )  Q   
 )   ) ) )# 7 
+E,EI)[!I
 ) # I   G    
))I#
41%_ +3<<&,!P. unifilis, )
   ) N   IM
)DI# 
)I/G
I)`EE
    ) N   )
D#   EI )     )
)0
E)#
 :8 451+&''3,6[EID
DE!!QEP. expansa,))
 E  H + )  D,
))!#
 7  " P. unifilis +HI, P. expansa +!//
GQ,0))H
6) F5? 6
6I+6 =5?  ,5G"+ "%6 "54,
)H#
1)N)H
CQ6! GQEG
)6 =5?   "%6 "54#
N !  )  )  
EP. expansa)
3
)))HI
I0 .) 0    !
E.? !)G+%74
76756 3<UM45"L3<X<M5?  3<><M766756 %516&''V,#
1!))P. expansa
)N.
 ! )  ) !   Q
I))#
4
REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
L.)[Q
 ? P. expansa ))   !//
G.)QI! 4#
1DI6 G
 61+65"L 6*3<X<61_73<(,#
F))!)$
))# )))#
1  ) )  .  !    
D)#
)).H
)E)N.
  0    +1%LM L75476M  6: *
3<<V,#
4! 65"L 6*M "67?? % +3<>, )     
!!) ? 
)[))HHD
))#
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5
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 G      ) 
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6
          
)F )  ))N E     
)E)))N
+7__%"53<<>,#
P. expansa P. unifilis ))
)J!)#
*    ! H  )D F +5?  
3<><,#
I )  " D  ! G.
)  ! )[ .   ) )
E ) G   + , )  
+.,+,+85  #3<XV,#
:L1 +3<>U,   !  GQ  ). 
Podocnemis expansa)
!$G)#1
 G  ) G )E !  Q GQ
IE!)
!GH#
*+5?  3<><3<><_ _55&'''_ _55M8 *7
?76&''',GF
))NG.)
)D!E#
1)D)
I)EE!
  )!  /  
     I/   Q )
)E+764"M? 6?1%63<><1%LM
*67^4M *:7M6%M4 85"_ROM^7::4&''3,#
4! 5??14M "5R:7 +3<(<, EI    ) 
N     D E 
 ) )   ))N  Q#
65"L 6*M "67?? % +3<>,    E  
))NQ GQ#
   N  )H )!  E
7
 /  E )  ) I 
!!+1%LML75476M 6: *3<<V,#
  )  Q GQ ) 
)))!
))+81"3<<
) Q  ! GQ EI  0 
G ) E   + , .   
))!#1QI!)E
 E  I ) I #  
)  )   ) E 
! )  )    
 )  F   ))N ) 
P.expansaP. unifilis+? " %43<<>,#
 !/E!G
)QI+)) P. expansa P. unifilis,
)!)#4)!
EG!)EE+5?  3<><,#
)QD!
   J )  GQ )!  
!)!I#
 )! )+)I , E)E +G.
))E!)HI
!),FE+G)E
.,EG!!E)
+? "743><&76756 3<U8 ::7M :55"1M45:8 3<XV45"L
3<X<3<X<5?  3<><4 "143<>U3<<,#
)0))QF!
)!EG!)EE
+)E,/)
))         I #
7)`0Q)I
))
)F   )I   G ) !  
)  ))   
8
.+4 :76 &''U,#
 GQ)IGQ)
  ) ) F    ) F HI 
)F )/  ! )  G 
)!)JE
F!+45"L3<X5""7675763<XU1L43<>X5?  3<><,#
1%LM *67^4M  *:7M 6%M 4 85"_ROM ^7::4 +&''3,
)   I    )
))#/.
E!I))N
#C))!)
  )D) )GN
)!#
1Q Podocnemis expansa Podocnemis unifilis, )
  E.!   I  0 + :L1M
 68 :L1M P*% 3<X< :L1M P*% 3<>& 5?  3<>< 457"1
&''&,# *  0   N )
  E.!    E!I ) 
)))Q)0
G  +45"L3<X< "%R76M  _7M %R4"54 3<<X
766756 %516#&''V,#
:L1+3<>U,)QGQ
E))!))E
H)))))D#
))N P. expansa )
E))+5876413<<361_73<(,
I))))DF#
D)P. expansa P. unifilis
))E)
E0)+766756 %516&''V,#
1E P. unifilis HI))
) P. expansa# 0 P. unifilis)
)IJ)
0P. expansa + :8 451M4 :76 &'',#
9
4EP. unifilisI)Q
))0)E
 F  )  +?%676 3<X( :%76 3<X( "5R:7M
1*1M61473<>3,#
7!, P. expansa P. unifilis )    )N 
)E#4E
!G
)!!!)
))FG
I!FD+ 457"1&''&,#
1!0Podocnemis )
  I!    GQ +65"L 6* 3<X<M 65"L 6*
"67?? %3<> 457"1&''&,#*)FE)+P.
expansa P. unifilis, ) !  !    !
! ) !) I ! + 457"1 &''& :L1M
 68 :L1M  *%  3<X<,# 1 )    Q 
D)+1:5 3<<&,#
4!1:5 M61L +3<<(,)FP. expansaP.
unifilis )I#1)
.FI!G)D
+ :L1M P*%  3<>&,# LI  G  G   
) P. expansa P. unifilis + :L1MP*% 3<>&
 *% M :L13<> 457"1&''&,#
:L1+3<X<,M :L1M 68 :L1M *% +3<X<,)
)F)P. expansa, ))!))D
.)
)))H#
    ! G)   5E 
?+7",/)I) P.
expansaP. unifilis+ :8 451&''3,#7))!
) ! ))) !
5E?)#1
)FEGI#
IHEEEI
10
FI!!#9)
)! P. unifilis P. expansa )
))+5?*3<>3,#
1    P. expansa  5E ? )
))FE)I)
!H)E
 !+5?*M?3<>3 =5?  &''3,# )
)FG# P. unifilis HE
!) P.
expansa!#
?!!Q
4! ^75461RM  _7+&''', F E 
!0`0
NE#
*EQEF
))I.!
 )  +?%676 3<X( ^5:L1"M L1" :5M 6 R4
3<>V,)!+81"M?%::3<>,
+614184ROML1R54/%6LOM65L 6*413<>,#
*  )   )H  H  Q 
))
!0#*))F
0F.!!
E+O"7 M614184RO3<>'41"5: M4" *16 3<>(41%_ M
81" 3<<81"M ?%::3<> 61/ 57:M 614184ROM 618 :*5
3<<<,#
Podocnemis expansa P. unifilis ) F  
0  !  )    # 4 P.
expansa  )  F 0   #
)  !  )F )N   
)EEH
)6 = 5?  +   H 6) F,
11
    . 
+ :8 451M4 :76 &'',#
1))))
J)E)
    ) )    
0+766756 %516&''V,#
7P. expansa)))VX$&!
UM/&
G>MD/)
EI&&!#1)
))E!# EI&!
)3!M!/3)E3))3)
3))G3V+ :L1M
 68 :L1M *% 3<X<,#
4!1:5 M61L +3<<(, P. expansa G))
)))X')
ED!D
E)
H+1:5 M61L 3<<(,#
)Q
!))FEF)
  )  F +5?   3<><,#  F
)FF+15M153<(&,#
P. expansa / ))     I 
!#)
EFJ)))
!)D))H+65"L 6*M"67? %
3<>,# 1     P. expansa   I
! D E! ! !   !
)D!))GI#
!//G.))G
   !   ) ! D
F)L+,#4
  ! ! )D    )
12
  ) )   )   )
)I  D    ) )I  
)E+1 4"53<X3,#
!//G..I
)#!/1
F0 !E0!//G.J/
!)))!)
!)# )0
))N)
# !//G.)!).
)E# 
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))+ :L1M 68 :L1M *% 3<X<5?  
3<><8 _1:553<(X,#   F) 
"!//G.F)D)# 
0G)))E+,
)F)J>'
3''F#1I
)U('#7
!)FIEI
)+ :8 451&''3,# )F)
)!)
+766756 M 4"61&'',#
4E)D)#
1D!F)
   ) )  ) +?%::M 81" 3<X<
?%::3<>'81"M:1674/85::7:3<>(,#1)
! )   )  ") 
D))+?%::
3<>'81"M:1674/85::7: 3<>(,#7!)
0)DE#7!
!"))D&U;)G
EV3;)G0+81"M:1674/85::7: 
3<>(,#
13
4! :L1M * 5M P*% +3<>U,  E G  P.
expansa 6?.! 6" I? )
)D))
3;)D#5!
NI)
)))ID
))E)NI
!#
 EI  DD D) H + :L1M * 5M
 *%  3<>U,    !  D  0
)NE
)0S8TE0
S%T+? " %43<<>,#
4!_ 76:M1L41+3<UX,)
.V!)$,)M,
),I#
7!)Trachemys dorbignyi!
!)G!/G!+1:5 3<<U,#
*/)
))D0+ :8 451
&''31:5 3<<U1:5 3<>< *6 *7M ?73<<V,#
  G  E  H Geochelone carbonaria
  !  ) /   
 E   )N   +D 
),!
  N   D F 0  E I
      )  .! 
+ ::  3<<,# )  0  ) 
)HI!
! +:OM %::65L 3<U'  R 6*M  R 6*M 5::76M ?1 6* 
3<>X4%L 4L55M 67"76&''3,E).!
!))!N
#%G)E)
14
  !  G )    ) 
N       
`0
)H)#9)
)))N
     J  E    
+ :8 451&''3,#
4!  R 6*M  R 6*M ?1 6*  +3<>&,   
DF)I)P.
expansa +764"M? %?1%63<><,)!)
EF!)EF
+ R 6*M  R 6*3<>>,#* /I 
))EFN!E)
)  )   !  
N)+ R 6*M R 6*3<>>,#
4)N/) P. expansa H
  G  0  D) G 
 +1:5 3<<U:OM%::65L 3<U'  :7 3<U',# 
   ) ) D)N F) !
).!.!)
  F + ::  3<< 4%L 4L55M  67"76 &''3
 4"M  66 3<><,# 4 I   ))
#
0Q)JI
))U3''#1
J)E
 0 +7665 &''&,# 1  I   
))&>&'+1%LML75476M
 6: *3<<V,#
4!764"M? 6?1%6+3<><,)Q
0 GQD!E
E#%)) Rhinoclemmys punctularia +),)N
) 3 &  ) )    )   )
Phrynops gibbus +I!, Chelus fimbriatus +I/I, P. unifilis )
15
)E&U)/ P.
expansa,))3''))#
 7_+3<<U,  E Q)  )
E# 
EQ)
DHE0)
 )    )G  E )
))#
*)E0
))
E0+1*1M5??143<>UM3<>XM3<<'5876413<XX,#
587641M? :11O7M?O6*M:O** +3<<V,0)E
EQ)#
8 _1:55+3<<X,!0"EK)
)!!I 
4) )[ )E  E N
    !      
#
7)Q)F P. expansaP.
unifilis   )       )[
)#
*))J)
) P. unifilis#+5""7675763<X>,3U 3+764"M
? 6?1%63<><,3U&U+5?  3<><,&'#
 P. expansa5""767576+3<X>,U'3U'5? 
+3<><,)3'')E'3('#+764"M
? 6?1%63<><,)(V3V()E#
)    Q  D  
I ) D   D )  
+1%LML75476M 6: *3<<V,#
4! O"7 +3<X>, )F   
)))#
7Q/P. expansaP. unifilis)
)F#EF+I!I/I,
16
)!)F#% )F)
)F!
0!)F+)3&' E,+7^76"
3<X<,#7)+1%LML75476M 6: *3<<V,
    !     / 
)F!#
1 )   )      
 )/   J   
+ R 6*M R 6*M?75 3<<3,#
4!766756 M 4"61+&'',))NP. expansa
)I)).!
)EE0#
8 :7_%7: M ?1"761M  6"57_ +3<<X, )  ) 
P. expansaI+Q,+(&U,
)+ :L1M* 5MP*% 3<>U,)))N
"+?,#4!))
Q?)FI!N
!!I))N#
7 )  )  !!I ) 
)))IE
FF))
+81"M:1674/85::7: 3<>(,#
 )    E P. expansa 65"L 6*M
"67?? %+3<>,I U+764"M ? 6?1%6 3<><, U' 
+5""7675763<X>,UU'+5?  3<><,U('#
1))).D)
))#
1)EP. unifilis
)N
IIF
FIE)#
5??14M "5R:7 +3<(<, G  E  0 
))N Chrysemys picta Q  I!     E!
+7%,!E
17
D)E#1D
     0 ))N )  )I )
E)#4!
)ID)
)I))#
1EIJ))
))NQ!N+"5R:73<(35??143<X'
5876413<XX,E+ :73<U'1::M:7:763<X3,#
587641M ? :11O7M ?O6*M :O**  +3<<V, )  )
QI!EEI)
EE!E
#
4! 5??14M "5R:7 +3<(<, EI    
     D   E  
))))NQ#
8 _1:55+3<XX,)
P. unifilisJ))#)
J))E0P. expansa+ :L1M
 *% 3<>&,P. unifilis+8 _1:553<XX41553<>',Phrynops geoffroanus
+1:5 3<<',#
4!8 ::7M :55"1M45:8 +3<XV,!)P. expansa
)  U   [ ) U'    
)   ) )F ) ('     
J#1I"
).))#
4! :L1M 68 :L1M *% +3<X<,)EI
3/3/&).#4
E# ).)#7)/N
)
E#+ :L1MP*% 3<>&,)P. expansa3&
+[bU')U&!,#
))E5E?
    .   )0 0 )  E  
J!).#
18
" ) )I    E /
)
)).#
11"7+3<X>,!P. unifilisD)!
[U&DVX>)U!#
4! 764"M ? 6?1%6 +3<><,  E  ) E
Dermochelys coriacea +!//,)U'3X'
! )!      +yolkless,# 1   
0</U'[#1+yolkless,)
F)))EM03U/U
[#
L56"+3<>',)+!)
,QE)E).
F))E#
R6 %47M 174M :7O476 +3<>&,    
Trachemys dorbignyi +!cI!,I=
)E#4!0
E#
1:5 M174+3<<>,3UY(&' T.
dorbignyi)G
N .!#      
E)E#*+1:5 
3<<U,E).+L56"3<>',+R6 %47M174M:7O476
3<>&,#
)F)Q
*4%765:*+3<<3,I!
!/  G  ))   )I ) E
[  )G # 5 !  
)))E.!))
  FG0  
!#
19
4%%51M?5 67:: +3<<',))
)))!G
E!I#7)NI
D  ! D#   ) I/ )# 7
/)DI!#
 L%6L +3<<(, !   
!#C
    )  !   
!)))I!
  # 1    J  !
E#1!)H
))
)!#
)!!/#
4!18 RM?: R+3<>U,)
D!
 )#4 J )
N)!D
#1))IF
F.!#5)
)         !  
) ) )    H  
I)# )
ID3&E!
)ID).3&E#
* :8 451+&''3,P. expansaEI
)!
)
!#
LI )  Q  )  D
)))
D)# 1 ) )  D ) 
!+?%::M81"3<X<M?%::3<>'M81"M:1674/85::7: 
20
3<>(M81"3<<,#7!)0
)DE)+81"M:1674/
85::7:  3<>(, ) ! !0  ) 
)D&U;)GEV3;)G0#
1))D
E#+^7??M45"L3<>,)
D)))#
 G      E ) 
)       E 0
 G# 7  ) + :8 451M 41%_ M 766756
%516M4  51&''&, P. expansa0
GJE
30=E#7P. unifilis
3XE=0# )))+ :L1M* 5M
 *% 3<>,)P. expansa,)D3E)V'0
 E # 7   ) )  
E   )) )/  
GE0#
41%_ M81"+3<<, P. unifilis P. expansa)
N    ) ) )   
!QD#
 :8 451+&''3,)H))
)FG# ))E
0I!#
81"+3<<,  )H)!
E    )G) E )
)
E#
*)!!
))H
) )   0 )/ ))  G  
)IF))
Q))H))
  ).D )I  
21
+4 :76 M :8 451M1*61&''3,#
 P. expansa, 
)F!
EF)!!!
))+ :8 451&''3,#
22
3 OBJETIVO GERAL
)  E  ! )  P. expansa
G)#
V#31H)F
/ 8 )    P. expansa
)!
)NE#
/ 6! ! )[F
)P. expansa.
23
4 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS
#3:1 :5_ AB1* P67 *774"%*1
IE/
!0)+!),+
!I<;UUdd4U';1, !
G5E?17"!
?+)3,#
I !IG
 F    H  6) F /
6 =5?  #
  3/:1 :5_ AB1* P67 *774"%*1#
1    ! )  )   !
) ! ))) !
24
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6
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9008
9 55'
O
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O
50 05'
O
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5E?+5?*3<>3,#
1 !I5E?I
7"D5E
7IMH7"I
)D&ENEE
)I.!?+5?  3<><,#
#&*7418 +:1 :5_ AB17741:L *145L14,
!<+!
&'',))#7!)F
#
1EG))!D
)0 P. expansa F)#
!)E3&)
)VE)!
$=+),=!+,
UE!=+!,#
    H J  !  E )
/#1EE
  N!
)#
#V1:7" *747*57"14+6 %:17"65 7 P:547C%W5 ,
         E +&''!, 
)F   +)D &U,  [  
+)DU',)I!#"
)IF!)<+U'!,
V)+)F&''),V)#
!$VV
25
HV)0)$!
)).D!+:714&''&,#
#54" : AB1*14"76e6 14
       ! I 
)+:!?D,)E!
#7VE&.!)
+&'',#7)F
    (' # )   3&
.!   )D '  )  E E# 7
!I))!
!  ) G  )! ) +:!/E,
+ :8 451M41%_ M766756 %516M4  51&''&,#
#U6754"61*75*55 AB1
)F)!
)!F
)#N)!
)G#
#(7:14B1*145:L1"74
).   ) )    E
+ :: 3<<,#E
IEE)
E)E#
26
#X617*57"16 %:19"651+47*57"14,
E)
  I ! G  )0 
:.  0   7 7D)  )
%I   %   " +%", 
!E#7I
G) ?
"+ ?"3<>,#
GI!
+&''!,)E)
G!+),H!)
)  N$ D ![   !  ! 
=!+1:R3<X,3#
" ?7: 3 - 7a7:1 *7 5L 7"1 *7 % P:547
6 %:19"65 #
Amostra: Cova 17 Local: Praia do Coco
Peso total: 200g Granulometria: Areia média
USTM () Mm WENTWORTH Volume (g) %
Retida
% Retida
acumulada
U /& 4D 3 'U 'U
3> /3 & [ V 3U &'
3' '' 3 ! 3V >U 3'>
VU 3 'U ! V' 3U &U>
(' & '&U  3& (& >X>
3&' V '3&U  && 33 <><
&V' ''(&U  & 3 <<<
> '''V< 4! 3 'U
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#>617*57"1 6  P:547C%W5 +47*57"14,
IF+I,
27
)G)0"!
4 )G!5+7"7=47 5,:.
4!)4 55+&''',47 5+&''&,#%
3'f';M)
 )  E & M  I F I J
  3& EM    )E +Q 
E,     / )
)  D       )E 
!+E,#1))G
)E +) Q,    D  G  
)   #    I
.!$/)E)E
/IFJE3'''
Z)V'EEG
+IFY41
&
,+&,#
" ?7: &/7a7:1*7%  P:547C%W5 47*57"1:e5 #
pH M.O P K Na Ca Mg Al H+Al CTC
Amost água g/kg mg/dm³ ppm mmol/dm³ V%
! & 3 3'' 3 & U > 3' &' V'
) V & 3'' & & ( < &' V' V'
 V 3'' V & X X 3' &' V'
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
- FM  - IM " /)   M Lb  /
E!0bFMR-)IM!/!M-.M)L-G#
#<617*57"1474" "W4"514
 G  F    
E
  H   ) +85:7::  3<<M _ 6 3<<>,#
N    )   E 
!
)#/)[FF
28
))0#
29
5 RESULTADOS
U#3 "71 *7 5%? AB1 4%7441 *7 7:14B1 *14 5:L1"74 7
6 %:17"65 *1447*57"14
  3& E  P. expansa  V ) +!
),0N!+!,
  )   )     
+V!3&,#1/
!)
)!
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47%*  5166 AB1*1447*57"14#
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30
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32
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+U,#
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EXPANSA.
Praia Maior Fração/Areia % Segunda Maior Fração/Areia %
! V' V(('
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! )
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33
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34
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U#(6776g5 *7*7418
)0P. expansa, I
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+,

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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
39
Temperatura e Profundidade
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6 51X/ :"%6 * 46 5 47C% "5* *7*7418 4
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)#
40
Comprimento das Praias e Desova
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Altura das Praias e Desova
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!#
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41
Praias/Areia e Altura das Praias
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Praias Desovas e Suceso das Desovas
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EE)0)$!)#
42
Praias Desovas e Filhotes/Ninho
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6 DISCUSSÃO
(#3 "71*75%? AB14%7441*77:14B16 %:17"65 7
"776 "%6 #
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expansaD
)#+3V,#
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4#7#/47M"#5#/")5#
43
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4%7441*77:14B17"71*75%? AB1*7P. EXPANSA.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+Y,
//////////////////////////
")+Z,
//////////////
4#7#+Y,
///////////////
"#5#+,
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  ) )    # 8/
) )!
 )  # + 3V,#   ) G  
!    E    ) 
DEHII)
))D)
))#
"E   ) E + 618 :*5 et al, 3<<X,
!G)G
D#
4! :L1M 68 :L1M *% +3<X<,)G
P.expansa 6"I3;)
D#
4!7^76"M7:41+3<<3,!))N
*4"#))E!D)
)#)!
DE)#%)
E)!# P. expansa e P. unifilis, 
))ED)#
81"M:167485:7: +3<>(,))
Q)&U;)G))
E)V3;))G
44
0#
4L 876 +3<<&,  ) Lepidochelys kempi +! E) 3
0)0EN)D
3$3 E 0  )  )[0
 I ) )   I  )
!!E))0#5
EN
)  E 0   ) 
"#
O"7 M 614184RO +3<>', ) Caretta caretta + :L1M * 5M
 *% , 3<>,) P. expansa G)
)F/0#
4!  65 +&''V, ) P. expansa, )  
)!)
/!  E      ) E
))E0#(3YE
0E=!UVYEEE
=#
7 :8 451et al +3<<<,DEG
E.!!Q#
 71674 et al +3<<, G  ) 
E)!NI)
E))#
(#& P:547* %5* *7
7E)E)
))!#
/    3   3&3 
!!)
D)
)+V,#1)3X
!<(33V)
[E)+<>,#
45
E<(33V!)
   E$ V&XXZ V&>3Z M <&<X Y <&X& Y
))!)EUX#I
)+3&33X,!
!)$VVV>ZV&U&ZM<'><
Y<><Y))U'3&3
UXE3X#
13&3)[!)
+VVV>Z,+<'><Y,
+<((XY,3X!)
+V&U&Z,+<><Y,+<&>Y,#
1E+<(33V,)
E3X3&3
3&33X
3&33X33V#
" ?7: 3/ P:5474*14* *14$6 %:17"65 *1447*57"14
"776 "%6 *7 5%? AB1 %5* *7 *1 5L14 4%7441 *7
7:14B1#
E  
+Y,
")
+Z,
%
+Y,
4#7#
+Y,
"#5#
+,
3&3  >' VVV> <'>< <((X U'
<(  U&3U V&XX <&<X <3V< UX
33V  U((' V&>3 <&X& >'X' UX
3X  3&U V&U& <>< <&> UX
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
4#7#/47M"#5#/")5#
46
" ?7: 3U / P:5474 74" "W4"5 4 +7:14B1 *14 5:L1"74,#
6 %:17"65 *14 47*57"14 "776 "%6 7 %5* *7 *7
5%? AB14%7441*77:14B17"71*75%? AB1#
////////////////////////// //////////////////////

+Y,
///////////////////
")
+Z,
///////////////
%
+Y,
//////////////
4#7#+Y,
//////////////
"#5#+,
//////////////////////////
+Y,
//////////////////////
3
/////////////////// /////////////// ////////////////////////////
")+Z, '<&V<' 3
%+Y, /'U33'X3 /'<V&&3V 3
4#7#+Y, 'X<X<(V 'V<>VU /''3X&3 3
"#5#+, /'<&(V'3 /'<VUU>V 'U><U /'(&V(&( 3
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
4#7#/47M"#5#/")5M+hh,-#
LI!!
) )    # 8/  
))!
)#+3U,#
)I
 D  FM + %4R4"54M %"_R7M  R 6* 3<>,
GD)D))
E0)!E#
4! ^75461RM  _7 +&''', F E 
!0`0
NE#
*EQEF
))I.!
)+?%676 3<X(M^5:L1"ML1" :5M 6 R4
3<>V,)!+81"M?%::3<>,
+614184ROML1R54/%6LOM65L 6*413<>,#
*  )   )H  H  Q 
))
!0#0
G)))+I)
G  I,# */  ) 
)F0F.!
47
!E+O"7 M614184RO3<>'M41"5: M4" *16 
3<>(M 41%_ M 81" 3<<M 81" 3<<M  61/ 57:M 614184ROM
 618 :*53<<<,#
614184RO et al +3<<<,  G  
   )  G D  ! E#
:!  N ) D  )  
)E!D)0
)#
8 :7_%7: et al+3<<X,D
GDQ#
 R 6*+3<<<,GJE
))).!E/
#
6754+&''',M4 ::76 6+&''',)
)        E  P.
expansa.
E0))
   )H  )  D  
E#
(#V P:547C%W5 7W45 * 46 5 476776g5 *7*7418 #
)P. expansa ))!
!)>N!+D
![!!
=!,V!)
N))NV))D)$)
)[V&U'Y&<U'Y!
!).D)#)
!V'Y!VV('Y#
))>'UYV<>UY#1/
))#
   EI  !  ) ) )
!V3')&3'
48
&V'#L)0)+!,
)   !  )0   P.
expansa, ))!)))
!))#
LV)G)
![+),#)!3X3
![+X(&!=\!,V'G
![)&<3UG
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*7418 #
 
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!  V' X(& 3X3 V3' VV''
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  V&U' '&( &< &V' V''
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##/ M##/)M#1#/1![M#*#/
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   )   ![ +E !E ###, G )
G/H
G!))EH![
0E)+ " W*74M
 :8 451&''&,#
5:"1et al +3<<X,)[).!
)V
I!0#
 :8 451 +&''3,        H
P. expansa)E0#
 ) ) )  ! !0
!!IDD!))G
D)D+7^76"et al,3<<,#
49
" ?7: 3X - P:547 74" "W4"5 $ C%W5 7 W45 * 4 6 5 4 7
6776g5 *7*7418 #
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

+Y,
#1#
+!=\!,
0
*

+,
)
+,
////////////////////////////

*+Y,
///////////////////
3
/////////////// ////////////// /////////////////////////////////
#1#
+!=\!,
'V3('U 3
0
**
'&(&VU '<<XVUV 3

+,
'3''3 '<XU(&& '<>><<( 3
)
*+,
/'XU(XV3 /'V>3'< /'X&( /'UX((3 3
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#1#-1![M+hh,-#
)/EI!
![)0)#
8/)0!
)#+3X,#
1DD!0))N P. expansa 
E!I))N+45"74%516 et
al, 1999,#P. expansa))#
 ![ )    ) ) 
)))E)#
4!766756 %516M :8 451M%5 6B74 (&''V,E
     Q )  P. unifilis +)
!).DP. expansa,)!.!#
50
7 CONCLUSÕES
E!!)
D)
#I
))
E#
LI!))
F
![#
 ! )  )  
E))N)0
+!,#
51
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
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tartaruga da Amazônia.  !#*7 = 5?*?+ ,3/
V()#3<XV#
:L1##6#Conservation and management strategies for commonly exploited
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:L1 ##6#M  68 :L1 ##M P*%  :#### Ecologia da tartaruga-da-
amazônia e avaliação de seu manejo na Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas#
?, V>$&</X#3<X<#
:L1##6#M* 5"##4#MP*% :#### Influência da Temperatura de
incubação na determinação do sexo da Tartaruga-da-amazônia (Podocnemis
expansa, Testudinata: Pelomedusidae). 6??!+V,$V'U/
V33#3<>#
:L1##6#MP*% :###Reproductive parameters and nesting behavior of
the Amazon turtle Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae,# 
?G#Canadian J. Zool#('$<X/3'V#3<>&#
:L1##6#MP*% :### Sincronia entre o regime de vazante do rio e o
comportamento de nidificação da tartaruga da Amazônia Podocnemis expansa
(Testudinata: Pelomedusidae)#  GQ3&+&,$V&V/V&()#3<>&#
:L1 ##6#M * 5 "##4#M P*%  :### Temperature-dependent Sex
Determination in Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata: Pelomedusidae,#
?) 3X+3,$XU/X>#3<>U#
*6 *7 *#8#M  #4# Natural occurrence of shell abnormalities in
hatchling red-footed tortoises (Geochelone carbonaria). L)!6]
:],&+V,$><#3<<V#
4415 AB1 ?6 45:756 *7 16 4 "95 4 + ?"). Análise
52
Granulométrica: método de ensaio. ?6X3>3#3U)3<>#
" W*74 ##M :8 451 A. Observações sobre a influência dos aspectos
físicos da cova sobre o sucesso da eclosão e o tempo de incubação das
ninhadas em Podocnemis expansa (SCHWEIGGER,1812) e Podocnemis unifilis
(TROSCHEL,1848) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae), realizadas no entorno Parque
Nacional do Araguaia. 6.5 F G
%")%I !F#)#&''&#
? "74L#^# The Naturalist on the river Amazon#:EK, V<U)#
3><&#
?6 45:#:;U#3<XVH3<(X#Dispõe sobre a proteção da fauna,
proibindo a livre captura de animais silvestres e não provenientes de
criadouros registrados.*I1%#?F'U#'3#3<(X#3<(X#
? " %4 O#4#:. Estimativa de parâmetros populacionais de Podocnemis
expansa (Schweigger, 1812) no rio Crixas-açu (GO) a partir de dados
biométricos.[%I#+*
7!%I,#U>)#3<<>#
?%::##Sex determination in reptiles.CK6#?#UU+3,$V/&3#3<>'#
?%::##M81"6#8# Temperature-dependent sex determination in turtles.
Science,&'($33>(/33>>#3<X<#
?%676#Temperature relationships in nests of the northern diamondback
terrapin, Malclemys terrapin terrapin#HerpetologicaV&+,:3&/3>#3<X(#
 :7 #6# The life history of the slider turtle, Pseudemys scripta troostii
(Holbrook,#7!!)E*E&'+3,$V3/U#3<U'#
1*1 #*#M 5??14 #^# Egg components and reproductive
characteristics of turtles: relationships to body size. L)!3+&,$3</
&'U#3<>U#
1*1 #*#M 5??14 #^# Morphological constraint on egg size: A
challenge to optimal egg size theory?## #4#%4 #>+3&,$#3U/
#3X#3<>X#
1*1#*#M5??14#^#Turtles eggs: their ecology and evolution. In:
GIBBONS, W.J. Life history and ecology of the slider turtle# 4E
53
5#^E!*#.3'</3&&)#3<<'#
1%"5L1 ##4# Sur lês tortues de l’Amazone. ?   4
_!c #&4"8#3>(>#
L%6L# Channel morphology and tipology. 7#?\]4)#
3>U/&'&#3<<(#764"#L#M? 6?1%66#^#Turtles of the World Washing.
4E5#V3V)#3<><#
764"#L#M? 6?1%66#^# Turtles of the World#^E!4E
5. V3V)#3<><.
7^76"# # The Embryo and its Egg: Development and Natural History, In
Turtles: Perspectives and research#7)L#KL#\#E
^K4#5#]O\VVV/3V)#3<X<#
7^76" # #M  R41 *#6#M 7:41 #7# Patterrns of temperature-
dependent Sex determination in turtles. "EH D) G!
&X'+3,$V/3U#3<<#
7^76"# #M7:41#7#Sex determination in turtles: diverse patterns and
some possible adaptive values#)+3,$U'/(>#3<<3#
766756 %516 #*# Influência dos processos sedimentologicos e
geomorfologicos na escolha das áreas de nidificação de Podocnemis
expanssa (tartaruga-da-amazônia) e Podocnemis unifilis (tracajá), na bacia do
Rio Araguaia.%1/*)!
"*.&<()#&''V#
766756 %516 #*#M  :8 451 #M %5 6B74 1#4# Influence of
geological factors on reproductive aspects of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines,
Pelomedusidae) on Javaés River, Araguaia National Park, Brazil# Chelonian
?!K, +V,$(&(/(V#&''V#
766756 %516 #*M  4"61 #"# # Controle geológico das áreas de
nidificação de Podocnemis expansa e Podocnemis unifilis no Rio Javaés, Ilha
do Bananal, Brasil# "  GQVV+V,$U/(>#&''#
76658#Turtles e Tortoises: A Firefly Guide#K?\#&U()#&''&#
11"76#^# Nesting of Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Pelomedusidae) in
54
the Colombian Amazon.Herpetologica,V+,$VVV/VV<#3<X>#
1:R 6#:# Petrology of Sedimentary rocks.  L)E 
)K#3>&)#3<X#
 65 ###Estudo do desenvolvimento embrionário e sua correlação com
a temperatura de incubação dos ovos e a granulometria e umidade dos
sedimentos dos ninhos de Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) e
Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae), realizado
no entorno do Parque Nacional do Araguaia, Tocantins. 6.5
#&''V#
71674 :5%4#4"1%"74*5R6#Hatchling Sex in the marine turtle
Caretta caretta is determined by proportion of develoment at a temperature,
not daily duration of exposure#"EHD)G!K&X'+V,V&/
#3<<#
5??14 #^# 3<X'# Reproductive characteristics of Florida population of
musk turtles (Sternothaerus odoratus,#Herpetologica&(+&,$&(>/&X'#
5??14#^#M"R:7*#^. Reproductive variation between turtle populations
in a single geographic area#7!K,U'$V'/V3#3<(<#
15##M151#?#Introduction to Herpetology. ^#L. )K
4:7% #V3)#3<(&#
L56"LL#. Some aspects of nesting behavior and reproductive biology of sea
turtles. #_l##&'$U'X/U&V#3<>'#
5?  /5? 66I# Projeto
Quelônios da Amazônia, 10 anos#5/5?  / ?F.3<><#
5?  /5? 66I/
Projeto Quelônios da Amazônia - 10 anos#5?  #?F33<)#3<><#
5?  /5? 66I#
Projeto Quelônios da Amazônia: Manualcnico/IBAMA. Brasília$15, D
3&U)#3<><#
5?* 5 ?  * . Plano de Manejo do
Parque Nacional do Araguaia. ?/*. 3<>3#
55
5?*M ? - 5 ?  *  
?)G-Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional
do Araguaia.65?  3'V)#3<>3#
587641 #?# Reproduction in freshwater and terrestrial turtles of north
Florida#L)!,VV+&,$&'U/&3&#3<XX#
587641#?#Patterns of survivorship in turtles (order Testudine,###_i
.,(<$V>U/V<3#3<<3#
587641#?#M? :11O7##M?O6*R#R#M:O** R#R. Latitudinal varia^
tion in egg and clutch size in turtles#_!KX3$&>/&(3#
3<<V#
1L4 #*#Continuing problems for Amazon river turtles.Oryx&3+3,$&U/&>)#
3<>X#
R:774 #^#M "L16? 6 641 #?# Reptiles as a food resource#
Biodiversity and Conservation:$&>3/&<>#3<<U#
:714 6## Manual de descrição e coleta de solo no campo# 4
?04#8/,#>V)#&''&#
:%_ 8#:## Avaliação do crescimento e parâmetros morfológicos do trato
digestório de Podocnemis expansa (tartaruga-da-amazônia) criada em sistema
de cativeiro em Goiás. [ F %   I#
+*     8I - %  
I,#&''3#
:O#%::65L4##. Experimental Production of Shell Abnormalities in
Turtles.)+,$&UV/&(&#3<U'#
R6 %47 :#M 174 #M :7O476 R#5# Observações sobre a nidificação e
desenvolvimento de Chrysemys dorbignyi (Dumeril & Bibron, 1835)
(Testudines, Emididae) na Estação Ecológica do Taim, Rio Grande do Sul#
Revista Brasileira de Zoologia4 +4,+3,$X</<'#3<>&#
 ::  #"#1# 50  )    
D Geochelone carbonaria +4)D 3>&) +6)"")
 !F%.64. Dissertação
de Mestrado em Zoologia- PUCRSU&)#3<<#
 :8 451 #M4 :76 #Entrevista com equipe do Projeto Quelônios na Ilha
do Bananal. In: Fany Ricardo (org.).Terras indígenas e unidades de
56
conservação da natureza: O desafio das sobreposições#4 $5
4. <</U'')#&''#
 :8 451 #Aspectos do mecanismo alimentar e da Biologia reprodutiva em
Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812), P. unifilis (Troschel, 1848) e P.
sextuberculata (Cornalia, 1849) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). 5 
?0%4#*) _!#"
*,3<<)#&''3#
 :8 451 #M41%_  ##M766756 %516#*#M67547#4#M4  51
# # # Temperatura de incubação dos ovos e granulometria dos sedimentos
das covas relacionadas a determinação sexual em Podocnemis expansa
(Scheweigger, 1812) e P. unifilis (Troschel, 1848) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae)
# 5#?#L##4JU)#3/((#H#&''&#
 :8 451 #M41%_  ##M766756 %516#*#M67547#4#Temperatura,
granulometria dos sedimentos dos ninhos e a determinação sexual em
Podocnemis expansa (Scheweigger, 1812) e P. unifilis (Troschel, 1848)
(Testudines, Pelomedusidae) 5$ ! ? _! 3 5H
6)#V&#3<<<#
 618 :*5# #M1*67O#L#M614184RO#Estimating Sex ratios of
loggerhead turtles in Brazil from pivotal incubation durations#
_!KXU$XUU/XX'#3<<X#
 4"6#?#M 66#:#)4Variation in Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle
(Lepidochelys Kempi) Hatchlings and Juveniles. 5$54K)
R)c6K4"?!K!3;
E44E)#&''&/&3<#3<><#
7*7#Estudios adicionales sobre los Crocodylia y e Testudinata del Alto
Caquetá y río Caguán#3'+>,$V&</VUV#3<(<#
5""7675766# #South America’s river turtles: saving them by use.Oryx3
+V,$&&&/&V'#3<X>#
5""7675766# #A turtle in every pot#Chelonia&+U,$V/<#3<XU#
 =5?  - =5? 
 6  6I# Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional do
Araguaia. ?F-*#&''3#
1:5 #?# Biologia e comportamento reprodutivo de quelônios. 
7!#%[/#?.3<<(#
57
1:5 #?#Observações sobre a biologia e o comportamento reprodutivo de
Trachemys dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1835) em cativeiro (Reptilia,
Testudines, Emydidae). 4%4#V'X). +"
*_!-5?0%4,#3<<U#
1:5 #?#Observações sobre a biologia e o comportamento de Phrynops
geoffranus (Schweigger,1812) em cativeiro (Reptilia, Testudines, Chelidae).
4  %  4 # 3>U). +*   
_!5?0%4,#3<><#
1:5  #?# Reproductive Biology of Phrynops geoffroanus (Testudines:
Chelidae))K#Tortoises e Turtles,#U>#3<<'#
1:5 #?#M174#Incubação artificial dos ovos e processo de eclosão
em Trachemys dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron) (Reptilia, Testudines, Emydidae).
Revista Brasileira de Zoologia3U+3,$3VU/3V#3<<>#
1:5  #?#M 61L  #?# Identificação, caracterização e distribuição dos
quelônios da Amazônia Brasileira. Apostila da aula ministrada no mini-curso
“Metodologia de Pesquisa e Classificação de QuelôniosTGSXI
7CQ GQS!G!3<<(?
+ ,)7 C% =5?  #3<<(#
MOLL, E.O.; LEGLER, J.M. The life history of a neotropical slider turtle,
Pseudemys scripta (Schoepff),#Bull. Los Angeles Co. Mus. Nat. Hist.
Sci#+33,$3/3'&#3<X3#
614184RO#M? "54"1""7#M1*67O#L#Validation of incubation
duration as na index of the Sex ratio of hatchling sea turtles#
_!KXX+U,$>V3/>VU#3<<<#
614184RO#ML1R54/%6LO4#6#M65L 6*41#5#Sex ratio of sea
turtles: seasonal changes.Science&&U$XV</X'#3<>#
 61/ 57:7#M614184RO#M 618 :*5# # Thermal profiles of
sea turtle hatcheries and nesting areas at Praia do Forte, Brazil. Chelonian
Conservation and Biology,V+V,$'X/3V#3<<<#
 457"14# Observações sobre o comportamento de nidificação de três
espécies de Podocnemis. (unifilis, sextuberculata, expansa) no baixo rio
Branco, Roraima, Brasil#6?_!#3<+3,$&'3/&'#&''&#
18 R #*#M ?: R "# # Theoretical determination of the surface energy
balance and thermal regimes of bare soils.?K:K!KVV$V3V/
58
VVV#3<>U#
%74 766756 # A tartaruga verdadeira do Amazonas.  
!*#6#3<U#
1 4"5#La tortuga arrau del Orinoco.Defensa de la Natureleza8G#3
+&,$V/<#3<X3#
 R 6* ## Water relations of chelonian eggs and embryos: is wetter
betterj _!V<$&></V'V#3<<<#
 R 6*##M R 6*##M?75 :# Sexual differentiation, growth,
and hatchling success by embryonic painted turtles incubated in wet and dry
environments at fluctuating temperatures.L)!X<3,$3&U/3V&#3<<3#
 R 6* ##M  R 6* ##M 5::76 R#M ?1 6*  "# Influence of
moisture, temperature, and substrate on snapping turtle eggs and embryos#
7!K"),(>+,$<>V/<<V#3<>X#
 R 6*##M R 6*##M?1 6* "##Structure of eggshells and
water relations of reptilian eggs. L)!, V>+3,$3V(/3UU#3<>&#
 R 6* ##M  R 6* ## The physiological of reptilian eggs and
embryos.5$?!KE)#7#LK#]O\+%4 ,U&V/('U#
3<>>#
P*%  :###M :L1 ##6# )    !//
GQ#Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Pará. Brasil Florestal#3<>&#
 *% :###M :L1#6##Avaliação do comportamento de nidificação em
Podocnemis expansa (Testudinata, Pelomedusidae) durante cinco anos em
áreas de proteção. Reserva Biológica do Rio Trombetas, Pará.?
?FU<$U</(3#3<>#
 7_8## The conservation and nesting ecology of the endagered yellow-
spotted amazonian turtle Podocnemis unifilis.3XX)#*-KE
! 41E%K#1E%K+%4 ,.3<<U#
 %R4"54 #:#M %"_R7 ^#L##M  R 6* #. Effects of the substrate
water potential and fluctuating temperatures on sex ratios of hatchlings
painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). ##_.,(&+>,$3<3/3<#
59
7__%"5##?# Reprodução de iaçá, Podocnemis sextuberculata (Testudines,
Pelomedusidae), na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá,
Amazonas, Brasil. ((#"+0?.!
7!,-5 GQ+5 ,%
G#3<<>#
:%76 #8# Some aspects of nesting success in the turtle, Trionyx
muticus.HerpetologicaV&+,$VUV/VU<#3<X(#
1%L #L#M *67^4 6##M  *:7 #7#M 6% #:#M 4 85"_RO #L#M
^7::4R#*#Herpetology.&#L]K#(3&)#&''3#
1%L #L#M L75476 #?#M  6: * ^## A Vida dos Vertebrados#
E7-4+4,>V<)#3<<V#
6 *16# Mudanças historicas na morfologia do canal do rio Araguaia no
trecho entre a cidade de Barra do Garças-MT até a foz do rio Cristalino na Ilha
do Bananal no período de 60 e 90. %I#5
74./ #!./!#
*X')#&''3#
65"L 6* ##L# Encyclopedia of Turtles#"##L## 5# )]
K#>U<)#3<X<#
65"L 6*##L#M"67?? %#The Turtles of Venezuela. 4K
4K )E6)#'V)#3<>#
6747*7# Pedologia exercício de fixação. %8#
0 !I#*)4#3(&)#3<>V#
67547#4#Relação entre a temperatura de incubação dos ovos, granulometria
dos sedimentos dos ninhos e a determinação sexual em Podocnemis expansa
e Podocnemis unifilis, no entorno do Parque Nacional do Araguaia, Tocantins
V>)#65#&'''#
6747*7#M%65#M67_7*74#?#M166g ##!$)
. NEPUT, ViçosaV')#3<<U#
61_7# #Pilgrim of the River. Nat. Hist#XV+X,$VU/3#3<(#
4 :76 ## Observações sobre alguns fatores envolvidos nos processos
60
de nidificação e eclosão em Podocnemis expansa e Podocnemis. 7
 !"#6.5(')#&'''#
4 :76 # # Relação das comunidades indigenas da Ilha do Bananal
(Karajas e Javaes) e ribeirinhos, com os Quelônios#*
0 %"#&''(
4 :76 # #M  :8 451 #M 1*61 #6## Observações estatísticas
aplicadas à biologia de quelônios referentes aos processos de nidificação e
eclosão em Podocnemis expansa (SCHWEIGGER, 1812) e Podocnemis unifilis
(TROSCHEL, 1848) (Testudines, Pelomedusidae).6G
 !5E?"#6.5(')#&''3#
4 "147# Pesca e piscicultura (Coleção Vis Mea in Labore). 75
:&27#&3&)#3<>U#
4 "147#Anfíbios e Répteis do Brasil (Vida e Costumes).86
7
6 &(V)#3<<#
4 556#4#Analise química de silicato minerais, gravimétrica.47 5&'''#
47 5#Espectro fotométrico difratometro de raio X. !#&''&#
4L 876 *# Kemp’s ridly research continues at Padre Island Nacional
Seashore#
\43&+,$&(/&X#3<<&#
45"74%516#^#M65_4514##M45:8 %516##M " 67::5
8#L#Conservation genetics of giant Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis expansa)
Inferences from two classes of molecular markers#E
?!KV+V,$U/(V#3<<<#
45"L##L#Quelônios da Amazônia: um recurso ameaçado.  GQ
<+3,$>X/<X#3<X<#
45"L##Destructive explotation of South American river turtle.O\
E !)EV($>U/3'&#3<X#
45"L##L#CQI GQ$#Acta
Amazônica,<+3,$>X/<X#3<X<#
45"L##L#A pesca no rio Amazonas. Manaus.5
61
 GQ-5 .3U)#3<X<#
4155 # Estudio y reproducción, manejo de los quelonios del género
Podocnemis (Charapa, cupiso y Taricaya). Informe de Pacaya 2. Direccíon
Regional de Agricultura y Alimentación Dirección Forestal y de Fauna y
Cooperación#"4G5#V)#3<>'#
41%_  6#6# Fatores que influenciam a determinação de sexo no tracajá
(Podocnemis unifilis, Testudinata, Pelomedusidae). *
0?.!% G<)#3<<&#
41%_ 6#6#M81"6##Incubation temperature influences sex and hatchling
size in the neotropical turtle Podocnemis unifilis.Journal of Herpetology &>+,$
UV/()#3<<#
41"5: #6#M 4" *16 7# # Sex determination in the desert tortoise: a
conservative management strategy is needed.Herpetologica&+3,$(X/X&#3<>(#
4%%51R#M?5 67:: ##Ambientes Fluviais. 4!#.)$
7#%4%6#3<<'#
4%L 4L55L#M 67"76##Influence of incubation environment on the
development of the Flatback Turtle (Natator depressus). )&''3+V, ))#
((>/(>&#&''3#
4%7657:*# # Global geomorphology. An Introduction to the Study of
Landforms. :$:!#3<<3#
"5R:7*#^#Geografhic variation in reproduction, size, sex ratio and maturity
of Sternothaerus odoratus (Testudinata: Chelydridae).7!K&+3,$(>/X(#
3<(3#
"5R:7*#^#M1*1#*#M6147## Nesting frequency and success:
implications for the demography of painted turtles. Ecology(&+(,$3&(/3V&#
3<>3#
"%R76#R#M _7##M %R4"54#:#Response of embryos of red-eared
turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) to experimental exposure to water-satured
substrates. Chelon. Conserv. Biol#&$VU/VU3#3<<X#
62
8 ::76##M :55"1#M45:8 ###Contribuição ao estudo da tartaruga
amazônica. Preservação da tartaruga da Amazônia.Ministério da Agricultura.
DEMA/ PA, IBDF, Belém (PA), ((/>>#3<XV#
8 :7_%7: #M?1"7616#M 6"57_7#Field study of sex determination
in Podocnemis expansa from Colombian Amazonia.L)!,U&+V,$V<'/
V<U#3<<X#
8 _1:55 #7# On the eggs of Brasilian Podocnemis (Testudines,
Podocnemididae).Biologia Geral e Experimental4.+47,&+&,$V/3X#
&''3#
8 _1:55#7#A brief biometrical note on the reproductive biology of some
South American Podocnemis (Testudines, Pelomedusidae,# ) 
_!V+U,$X</3'&#3<XX#
8 _1:55 #7# A note on the reproduction of Trachemys dorbigni
(Testudines, Testudinidae). 6??!UX+&,$3(U/3XU#3<<X#
8 _1:55#7#Notes on the nesting behavior of Podocnemis expansa in the
Amazon Valley (Testudines, Pelomedusidae). ) _!&'+3X,$
3<3/&3U#3<(X#
85  ## A tartaruga no contexto histórico. Preservação da tartaruga da
Amazônia.  !#*7 = 5?*?+ ,VX/(U)#3<XV#
85:7:: 6#L#?#Solução: seu passo inteligente rumo à aprovação. )
7F#4#3<<#
81" 6## Temperature controlled sex determination as a tool for turtle
conservation. Chelonian Conservation and Biology#33U</3(&)#3<<#
81"6##M?%::#7!KEE!D)#Ecology,(U+&,$
(U/X)#3<>#
81"6##M:167485:7:: 1# #Determinación del sexo en tortugas por la
temperatura de incubación de los heuvos#0D#VX&3/V&#3<>(#
^7?? ##^#M 45"L ## # Sex ratio survivorship in the australian
freshwater crocodile Crocodilus johnstoni. Symp. Zool. Soc. London, U&$V3</
VUU#3<>#
63
^75461R*#^#M _7## Thermal and fitness-related consequences of
nest location in Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta). Functional EcologyV+V,$
&U3/&X&#&'''#
^5:L1" *##M L1" :5 7#M 6 R4 # Effects of temperature on sex
determination in embryos of the snapping turtles, Chelydra serpentina#Journal
of Herpetology,3X+3,$V>/&#3<>V#
O"7  #:# Incubation times for eggs of the turtle Chelydra serpentina
(Testudines: Chellydridae) at various temperatures#L)!, V+V,$&X/
&XX#3<X>#
O"7  #:#M 16141814RO # Sexual differentiation in loggerheads
Caretta caretta incubated at different controlled temperatures. Herplogica
36+3,$VV/V(#3<>'#
_ 76: 6#M1L41 6## Nature of Shield Abnormalities in the Turtle
Shell#?).8#3'M&&)#3<UX#
_ _55 ##4#Fauna Silvestre. Lavras:%: = 77#>')#&'''#
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